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Barbosa C, Rodrigues CF, Lončar N, Martins LO, Todorovic S, Silveira CM. Spectroelectrochemistry for determination of the redox potential in heme enzymes: Dye-decolorizing peroxidases. BBA ADVANCES 2023; 5:100112. [PMID: 38235374 PMCID: PMC10792693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs) are heme-containing enzymes that are structurally unrelated to other peroxidases. Some DyPs show high potential for applications in biotechnology, which critically depends on the stability and redox potential (E°') of the enzyme. Here we provide a comparative analysis of UV-Vis- and surface-enhanced resonance Raman-based spectroelectrochemical methods for determination of the E°' of DyPs from two different organisms, and their variants generated targeting E°' upshift. We show that substituting the highly conserved Arginine in the distal side of the heme pocket by hydrophobic amino acid residues impacts the heme architecture and redox potential of DyPs from the two organisms in a very distinct manner. We demonstrate the advantages and drawbacks of the used spectroelectrochemical approaches, which is relevant for other heme proteins that contain multiple heme centers or spin populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Barbosa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Carolina F. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Nikola Lončar
- Gecco Biotech, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747AG, the Netherlands
| | - Lígia O. Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Smilja Todorovic
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Célia M. Silveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
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2
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Sundaresan V, Do H, Shrout JD, Bohn PW. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical characterization of bacteria and bacterial systems. Analyst 2021; 147:22-34. [PMID: 34874024 PMCID: PMC8791413 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01954f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbes, such as bacteria, can be described, at one level, as small, self-sustaining chemical factories. Based on the species, strain, and even the environment, bacteria can be useful, neutral or pathogenic to human life, so it is increasingly important that we be able to characterize them at the molecular level with chemical specificity and spatial and temporal resolution in order to understand their behavior. Bacterial metabolism involves a large number of internal and external electron transfer processes, so it is logical that electrochemical techniques have been employed to investigate these bacterial metabolites. In this mini-review, we focus on electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods that have been developed and used specifically to chemically characterize bacteria and their behavior. First, we discuss the latest mechanistic insights and current understanding of microbial electron transfer, including both direct and mediated electron transfer. Second, we summarize progress on approaches to spatiotemporal characterization of secreted factors, including both metabolites and signaling molecules, which can be used to discern how natural or external factors can alter metabolic states of bacterial cells and change either their individual or collective behavior. Finally, we address in situ methods of single-cell characterization, which can uncover how heterogeneity in cell behavior is reflected in the behavior and properties of collections of bacteria, e.g. bacterial communities. Recent advances in (spectro)electrochemical characterization of bacteria have yielded important new insights both at the ensemble and the single-entity levels, which are furthering our understanding of bacterial behavior. These insights, in turn, promise to benefit applications ranging from biosensors to the use of bacteria in bacteria-based bioenergy generation and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Sundaresan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Hyein Do
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Joshua D Shrout
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Paul W Bohn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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3
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Silveira CM, Zuccarello L, Barbosa C, Caserta G, Zebger I, Hildebrandt P, Todorovic S. Molecular Details on Multiple Cofactor Containing Redox Metalloproteins Revealed by Infrared and Resonance Raman Spectroscopies. Molecules 2021; 26:4852. [PMID: 34443440 PMCID: PMC8398457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy and in particular, resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy, can provide molecular details on metalloproteins containing multiple cofactors, which are often challenging for other spectroscopies. Due to distinct spectroscopic fingerprints, RR spectroscopy has a unique capacity to monitor simultaneously and independently different metal cofactors that can have particular roles in metalloproteins. These include e.g., (i) different types of hemes, for instance hemes c, a and a3 in caa3-type oxygen reductases, (ii) distinct spin populations, such as electron transfer (ET) low-spin (LS) and catalytic high-spin (HS) hemes in nitrite reductases, (iii) different types of Fe-S clusters, such as 3Fe-4S and 4Fe-4S centers in di-cluster ferredoxins, and (iv) bi-metallic center and ET Fe-S clusters in hydrogenases. IR spectroscopy can provide unmatched molecular details on specific enzymes like hydrogenases that possess catalytic centers coordinated by CO and CN- ligands, which exhibit spectrally well separated IR bands. This article reviews the work on metalloproteins for which vibrational spectroscopy has ensured advances in understanding structural and mechanistic properties, including multiple heme-containing proteins, such as nitrite reductases that house a notable total of 28 hemes in a functional unit, respiratory chain complexes, and hydrogenases that carry out the most fundamental functions in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia M. Silveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.M.S.); (L.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Lidia Zuccarello
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.M.S.); (L.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Catarina Barbosa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.M.S.); (L.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Giorgio Caserta
- Institut fur Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Technische Universitat Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (G.C.); (I.Z.); (P.H.)
| | - Ingo Zebger
- Institut fur Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Technische Universitat Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (G.C.); (I.Z.); (P.H.)
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Institut fur Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Technische Universitat Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (G.C.); (I.Z.); (P.H.)
| | - Smilja Todorovic
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.M.S.); (L.Z.); (C.B.)
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4
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Zuccarello L, Barbosa C, Galdino E, Lončar N, Silveira CM, Fraaije MW, Todorovic S. SERR Spectroelectrochemistry as a Guide for Rational Design of DyP-Based Bioelectronics Devices. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7998. [PMID: 34360763 PMCID: PMC8348443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immobilised dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs) are promising biocatalysts for the development of biotechnological devices such as biosensors for the detection of H2O2. To this end, these enzymes have to preserve native, solution properties upon immobilisation on the electrode surface. In this work, DyPs from Cellulomonas bogoriensis (CboDyP), Streptomyces coelicolor (ScoDyP) and Thermobifida fusca (TfuDyP) are immobilised on biocompatible silver electrodes functionalized with alkanethiols. Their structural, redox and catalytic properties upon immobilisation are evaluated by surface-enhanced resonance Raman (SERR) spectroelectrochemistry and cyclic voltammetry. Among the studied electrode/DyP constructs, only CboDyP shows preserved native structure upon attachment to the electrode. However, a comparison of the redox potentials of the enzyme in solution and immobilised states reveals a large discrepancy, and the enzyme shows no electrocatalytic activity in the presence of H2O2. While some immobilised DyPs outperform existing peroxidase-based biosensors, others fail to fulfil the essential requirements that guarantee their applicability in the immobilised state. The capacity of SERR spectroelectrochemistry for fast screening of the performance of immobilised heme enzymes places it in the front-line of experimental approaches that can advance the search for promising DyP candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Zuccarello
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (L.Z.); (C.B.); (E.G.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Catarina Barbosa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (L.Z.); (C.B.); (E.G.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Edilson Galdino
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (L.Z.); (C.B.); (E.G.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Nikola Lončar
- Gecco Biotech, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Célia M. Silveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (L.Z.); (C.B.); (E.G.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Marco W. Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Smilja Todorovic
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (L.Z.); (C.B.); (E.G.); (C.M.S.)
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5
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Murgida DH. In Situ Spectroelectrochemical Investigations of Electrode-Confined Electron-Transferring Proteins and Redox Enzymes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3435-3446. [PMID: 33585730 PMCID: PMC7876673 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This perspective analyzes recent advances in the spectroelectrochemical investigation of redox proteins and enzymes immobilized on biocompatible or biomimetic electrode surfaces. Specifically, the article highlights new insights obtained by surface-enhanced resonance Raman (SERR), surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA), protein film infrared electrochemistry (PFIRE), polarization modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PMIRRAS), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DMES)-based spectroelectrochemical methods on the structure, orientation, dynamics, and reaction mechanisms for a variety of immobilized species. This includes small heme and copper electron shuttling proteins, large respiratory complexes, hydrogenases, multicopper oxidases, alcohol dehydrogenases, endonucleases, NO-reductases, and dye decolorizing peroxidases, among other enzymes. Finally, I discuss the challenges and foreseeable future developments toward a better understanding of the functioning of these complex macromolecules and their exploitation in technological devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Murgida
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos
Aires 1428, Argentina
- Instituto
de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente
y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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6
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Abstract
Heme proteins take part in a number of fundamental biological processes, including oxygen transport and storage, electron transfer, catalysis and signal transduction. The redox chemistry of the heme iron and the biochemical diversity of heme proteins have led to the development of a plethora of biotechnological applications. This work focuses on biosensing devices based on heme proteins, in which they are electronically coupled to an electrode and their activity is determined through the measurement of catalytic currents in the presence of substrate, i.e., the target analyte of the biosensor. After an overview of the main concepts of amperometric biosensors, we address transduction schemes, protein immobilization strategies, and the performance of devices that explore reactions of heme biocatalysts, including peroxidase, cytochrome P450, catalase, nitrite reductase, cytochrome c oxidase, cytochrome c and derived microperoxidases, hemoglobin, and myoglobin. We further discuss how structural information about immobilized heme proteins can lead to rational design of biosensing devices, ensuring insights into their efficiency and long-term stability.
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Melin F, Hellwig P. Redox Properties of the Membrane Proteins from the Respiratory Chain. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10244-10297. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Melin
- Chimie de la Matière Complexe UMR 7140, Laboratoire de Bioelectrochimie et Spectroscopie, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Petra Hellwig
- Chimie de la Matière Complexe UMR 7140, Laboratoire de Bioelectrochimie et Spectroscopie, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
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8
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Barbosa C, Silveira CM, Silva D, Brissos V, Hildebrandt P, Martins LO, Todorovic S. Immobilized dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP) and directed evolution variants for hydrogen peroxide biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 153:112055. [PMID: 32056659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized dye-decolorizing peroxidase from Pseudomonas putida MET94 (PpDyP) and three variants generated by directed evolution (DE) are studied aiming at the design of a biosensor for H2O2 detection. Structural properties of the enzymes in solution and immobilized state are addressed by resonance Raman (RR) and surface enhanced RR (SERR) spectroscopy, and the electrocatalytic properties are analyzed by electrochemistry. The wild-type (wt) and 29E4 variant (with E188K and H125Y mutations) represent excellent candidates for development of H2O2 biosensors, since they exhibit a good dynamic response range (1-200 μM H2O2), short response times (2 s) and a superior sensitivity (1.3-1.4 A⋅M-1⋅cm-2) for H2O2, as well as selectivity and long term stability. In contrast to the solution state, 6E10 (with E188K, A142V and H125Y mutations) and 25F6 (with E188K, A142V, H125Y and G129D mutations) variants display much lower activity and are inhibited by high concentrations of H2O2 upon adsorption on an electrode. In terms of sensitivity, the bioelectrodes employing wt PpDyP and 29E4 variant outperform HRP based counterparts reported in the literature by 1-4 orders of magnitude. We propose the development of wt or 29E4 PpDyP based biosensor as a valuable alternative to devices that rely on peroxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Barbosa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Célia M Silveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diogo Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Vânia Brissos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Inbstitut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lígia O Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Smilja Todorovic
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Ranieri A, Bortolotti CA, Di Rocco G, Battistuzzi G, Sola M, Borsari M. Electrocatalytic Properties of Immobilized Heme Proteins: Basic Principles and Applications. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ranieri
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Carlo Augusto Bortolotti
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Giulia Di Rocco
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Gianantonio Battistuzzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Marco Sola
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department of Chemical and Geological SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
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10
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Götz R, Ly KH, Wrzolek P, Dianat A, Croy A, Cuniberti G, Hildebrandt P, Schwalbe M, Weidinger IM. Influence of Mesityl and Thiophene Peripheral Substituents on Surface Attachment, Redox Chemistry, and ORR Activity of Molecular Iron Porphyrin Catalysts on Electrodes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:10637-10647. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Götz
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Khoa H. Ly
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pierre Wrzolek
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arezoo Dianat
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Croy
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Giancarlo Cuniberti
- Center for Advancing Electronics, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwalbe
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Inez M. Weidinger
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Harris TGAA, Heidary N, Kozuch J, Frielingsdorf S, Lenz O, Mroginski MA, Hildebrandt P, Zebger I, Fischer A. In Situ Spectroelectrochemical Studies into the Formation and Stability of Robust Diazonium-Derived Interfaces on Gold Electrodes for the Immobilization of an Oxygen-Tolerant Hydrogenase. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:23380-23391. [PMID: 29943966 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy is used in situ to determine the electrochemical stability of organic interfaces deposited onto the surface of nanostructured, thin-film gold electrodes via the electrochemical reduction of diazonium salts. These interfaces are shown to exhibit a wide electrochemical stability window in both acetonitrile and phosphate buffer, far surpassing the stability window of thiol-derived self-assembled monolayers. Using the same in situ technique, the application of radical scavengers during the electrochemical reduction of diazonium salts is shown to moderate interface formation. Consequently, the heterogeneous charge-transfer resistance can be reduced sufficiently to enhance the direct electron transfer between an immobilized redox-active enzyme and the electrode. This was demonstrated for the oxygen-tolerant [NiFe] hydrogenase from the "Knallgas" bacterium Ralstonia eutropha by relating its electrochemical activity for hydrogen oxidation to the interface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomos G A A Harris
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , PC 14, Str. des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Nina Heidary
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , PC 14, Str. des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Jacek Kozuch
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , PC 14, Str. des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Stefan Frielingsdorf
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , PC 14, Str. des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Oliver Lenz
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , PC 14, Str. des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
- FMF - Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum , Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
- FIT - Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Maria-Andrea Mroginski
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , PC 14, Str. des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , PC 14, Str. des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Ingo Zebger
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , PC 14, Str. des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Anna Fischer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
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12
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Abstract
Redox enzymes, which catalyze reactions involving electron transfers in living organisms, are very promising components of biotechnological devices, and can be envisioned for sensing applications as well as for energy conversion. In this context, one of the most significant challenges is to achieve efficient direct electron transfer by tunneling between enzymes and conductive surfaces. Based on various examples of bioelectrochemical studies described in the recent literature, this review discusses the issue of enzyme immobilization at planar electrode interfaces. The fundamental importance of controlling enzyme orientation, how to obtain such orientation, and how it can be verified experimentally or by modeling are the three main directions explored. Since redox enzymes are sizable proteins with anisotropic properties, achieving their functional immobilization requires a specific and controlled orientation on the electrode surface. All the factors influenced by this orientation are described, ranging from electronic conductivity to efficiency of substrate supply. The specificities of the enzymatic molecule, surface properties, and dipole moment, which in turn influence the orientation, are introduced. Various ways of ensuring functional immobilization through tuning of both the enzyme and the electrode surface are then described. Finally, the review deals with analytical techniques that have enabled characterization and quantification of successful achievement of the desired orientation. The rich contributions of electrochemistry, spectroscopy (especially infrared spectroscopy), modeling, and microscopy are featured, along with their limitations.
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13
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Silveira CM, Castro MA, Dantas JM, Salgueiro C, Murgida DH, Todorovic S. Structure, electrocatalysis and dynamics of immobilized cytochrome PccH and its microperoxidase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:8908-8918. [PMID: 28295106 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08361g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Geobacter sulfurreducens cells have the ability to exchange electrons with conductive materials, and the periplasmic cytochrome PccH plays an essential role in the direct electrode-to-cell electron transfer in this bacterium. It has atypically low redox potential and unique structural features that differ from those observed in other c-type cytochromes. We report surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization of the immobilized PccH, together with molecular dynamics simulations that allow for the rationalization of experimental observations. Upon attachment to electrodes functionalized with partially or fully hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers, PccH displays a distribution of native and non-native heme spin configurations, similar to those observed in horse heart cytochrome c. The native structural and thermodynamic features of PccH are preserved upon attachment mixed hydrophobic (-CH3/-NH2) surfaces, while pure -OH, -NH2 and -COOH surfaces do not provide suitable platforms for its adsorption, indicating that its still unknown physiological redox partner might be membrane integrated. Neither of the employed immobilization strategies results in electrocatalytically active PccH capable of the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. Pseudoperoxidase activity is observed in immobilized microperoxidase, which is enzymatically produced from PccH and spectroscopically characterized. Further improvement of PccH microperoxidase stability is required for its application in electrochemical biosensing of hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia M Silveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal. and UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - María A Castro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joana M Dantas
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos Salgueiro
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Daniel H Murgida
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Smilja Todorovic
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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14
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Ash PA, Hidalgo R, Vincent KA. Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase. J Vis Exp 2017:55858. [PMID: 29286464 PMCID: PMC5755520 DOI: 10.3791/55858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the chemistry of redox proteins demands methods that provide precise control over redox centers within the protein. The technique of protein film electrochemistry, in which a protein is immobilized on an electrode surface such that the electrode replaces physiological electron donors or acceptors, has provided functional insight into the redox reactions of a range of different proteins. Full chemical understanding requires electrochemical control to be combined with other techniques that can add additional structural and mechanistic insight. Here we demonstrate a technique, protein film infrared electrochemistry, which combines protein film electrochemistry with infrared spectroscopic sampling of redox proteins. The technique uses a multiple-reflection attenuated total reflectance geometry to probe a redox protein immobilized on a high surface area carbon black electrode. Incorporation of this electrode into a flow cell allows solution pH or solute concentrations to be changed during measurements. This is particularly powerful in addressing redox enzymes, where rapid catalytic turnover can be sustained and controlled at the electrode allowing spectroscopic observation of long-lived intermediate species in the catalytic mechanism. We demonstrate the technique with experiments on E. coli hydrogenase 1 under turnover (H2 oxidation) and non-turnover conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Ash
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
| | - Ricardo Hidalgo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
| | - Kylie A Vincent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory;
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15
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Melin F, Schoepp-Cothenet B, Abdulkarim S, Noor MR, Soulimane T, Hellwig P. Electrochemical study of an electron shuttle diheme protein: The cytochrome c from T. thermophilus. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Ash P, Reeve HA, Quinson J, Hidalgo R, Zhu T, McPherson IJ, Chung MW, Healy AJ, Nayak S, Lonsdale TH, Wehbe K, Kelley CS, Frogley MD, Cinque G, Vincent KA. Synchrotron-Based Infrared Microanalysis of Biological Redox Processes under Electrochemical Control. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6666-71. [PMID: 27269716 PMCID: PMC4935962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a method for addressing redox enzymes adsorbed on a carbon electrode using synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy combined with protein film electrochemistry. Redox enzymes have high turnover frequencies, typically 10-1000 s(-1), and therefore, fast experimental triggers are needed in order to study subturnover kinetics and identify the involvement of transient species important to their catalytic mechanism. In an electrochemical experiment, this equates to the use of microelectrodes to lower the electrochemical cell constant and enable changes in potential to be applied very rapidly. We use a biological cofactor, flavin mononucleotide, to demonstrate the power of synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy relative to conventional infrared methods and show that vibrational spectra with good signal-to-noise ratios can be collected for adsorbed species with low surface coverages on microelectrodes with a geometric area of 25 × 25 μm(2). We then demonstrate the applicability of synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy to adsorbed proteins by reporting potential-induced changes in the flavin mononucleotide active site of a flavoenzyme. The method we describe will allow time-resolved spectroscopic studies of chemical and structural changes at redox sites within a variety of proteins under precise electrochemical control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip
A. Ash
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Holly A. Reeve
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Hidalgo
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Tianze Zhu
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. McPherson
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Min-Wen Chung
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J. Healy
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Simantini Nayak
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas H. Lonsdale
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Katia Wehbe
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Chris S. Kelley
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D. Frogley
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Gianfelice Cinque
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Kylie A. Vincent
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
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17
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Protein Electrochemistry: Questions and Answers. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 158:1-41. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_5016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Vibrational Spectroscopic Techniques for Probing Bioelectrochemical Systems. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 158:75-110. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Ly HK, Wrzolek P, Heidary N, Götz R, Horch M, Kozuch J, Schwalbe M, Weidinger IM. 2 nd coordination sphere controlled electron transfer of iron hangman complexes on electrodes probed by surface enhanced vibrational spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6999-7007. [PMID: 29861938 PMCID: PMC5947519 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02560e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface enhanced vibrational spectroscopy shows the correlation between electron transfer kinetics and protonation degree of Fe Hangman complexes on electrodes.
Iron hangman complexes exhibit improved catalytic properties regarding O2 and H2O2 reduction, which are attributed to the presence of a proton donating group in defined vicinity of the catalytic metal centre. Surface enhanced resonance Raman (SERR) and IR (SEIRA) spectro-electrochemistry has been applied concomitantly for the first time to analyse such iron hangman porphyrin complexes attached to electrodes in aqueous solution. While the SERR spectra yield information about the redox state of the central iron, the SEIRA spectra show protonation and deprotonation events of the 2nd coordination sphere. To investigate the influence of a proton active hanging group on the heterogeneous electron transfer between the iron porphyrin and the electrode, two hangman complexes with either an acid or ester functional group were compared. Using time resolved SERR spectroscopy the electron transfer rates of both complexes were determined. Complexes with an acid group showed a slow electron transfer rate at neutral pH that increased significantly at pH 4, while complexes with an ester group exhibited a much faster, but pH independent rate. SEIRA measurements were able to determine directly for the first time a pKa value of 3.4 of a carboxylic hanging group in the immobilized state that shifted to 5.2 in D2O buffer solution. The kinetic data showed an increase of the heterogeneous electron transfer rate with the protonation degree of the acid groups. From these results, we propose a PCET which is strongly modulated by the protonation state of the acid hanging group via hydrogen bond interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Ly
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität Berlin , PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany . ;
| | - P Wrzolek
- Department of Chemistry , Humboldt Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany .
| | - N Heidary
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität Berlin , PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany . ;
| | - R Götz
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität Berlin , PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany . ;
| | - M Horch
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität Berlin , PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany . ;
| | - J Kozuch
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität Berlin , PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany . ;
| | - M Schwalbe
- Department of Chemistry , Humboldt Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany .
| | - I M Weidinger
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität Berlin , PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany . ;
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20
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Sezer M, Kielb P, Kuhlmann U, Mohrmann H, Schulz C, Heinrich D, Schlesinger R, Heberle J, Weidinger IM. Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy Reveals Potential Induced Redox and Conformational Changes of Cytochrome c Oxidase on Electrodes. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:9586-91. [PMID: 26135359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization of Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) on electrodes makes voltage-driven reduction of oxygen to water possible. Efficient catalytic turnover in CcO/electrode systems is, however, often observed at large overpotentials that cannot be rationalized by the redox properties of the enzyme itself. To understand the structural basis for this observation, CcO was electrostatically adsorbed on amino-functionalized Ag electrodes, and the redox transitions of heme a and a3 were monitored via surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) as a function of applied potential. Under completely anaerobic conditions, the reduction of heme a3 could be seen at potentials close to those measured in solution indicating an intact catalytic center. However, in the immobilized state, a new non-native heme species was observed that exhibited a redox potential much more negative than measured for the native hemes. Analysis of the high and low frequency SERR spectra indicated that this new species is formed from heme a upon axial loss of one histidine ligand. It is concluded that the formation of the non-native heme a species alters the potential-dependent electron supply to the catalytic reaction and, thus, can have a impact on the applicability of this enzyme in biofuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Sezer
- †Institut für Chemie PC 14, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrycja Kielb
- †Institut für Chemie PC 14, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Kuhlmann
- †Institut für Chemie PC 14, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Mohrmann
- ‡Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulz
- †Institut für Chemie PC 14, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothea Heinrich
- ‡Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramona Schlesinger
- ‡Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Heberle
- ‡Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Inez M Weidinger
- †Institut für Chemie PC 14, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Silveira CM, Quintas PO, Moura I, Moura JJG, Hildebrandt P, Almeida MG, Todorovic S. SERR Spectroelectrochemical Study of Cytochrome cd1 Nitrite Reductase Co-Immobilized with Physiological Redox Partner Cytochrome c552 on Biocompatible Metal Electrodes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129940. [PMID: 26091174 PMCID: PMC4474632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductases (cd1NiRs) catalyze the one-electron reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide. Due to their catalytic reaction, cd1NiRs are regarded as promising components for biosensing, bioremediation and biotechnological applications. Motivated by earlier findings that catalytic activity of cd1NiR from Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus (Mhcd1) depends on the presence of its physiological redox partner, cytochrome c552 (cyt c552), we show here a detailed surface enhanced resonance Raman characterization of Mhcd1 and cyt c552 attached to biocompatible electrodes in conditions which allow direct electron transfer between the conducting support and immobilized proteins. Mhcd1 and cyt c552 are co-immobilized on silver electrodes coated with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and the electrocatalytic activity of Ag // SAM // Mhcd1 // cyt c552 and Ag // SAM // cyt c552 // Mhcd1 constructs is tested in the presence of nitrite. Simultaneous evaluation of structural and thermodynamic properties of the immobilized proteins reveals that cyt c552 retains its native properties, while the redox potential of apparently intact Mhcd1 undergoes a ~150 mV negative shift upon adsorption. Neither of the immobilization strategies results in an active Mhcd1, reinforcing the idea that subtle and very specific interactions between Mhcd1 and cyt c552 govern efficient intermolecular electron transfer and catalytic activity of Mhcd1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia M. Silveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- * E-mail: (CMS); (ST)
| | - Pedro O. Quintas
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moura
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J. G. Moura
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - M. Gabriela Almeida
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Smilja Todorovic
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- * E-mail: (CMS); (ST)
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22
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Hidalgo R, Ash PA, Healy AJ, Vincent KA. Infrared Spectroscopy During Electrocatalytic Turnover Reveals the Ni-L Active Site State During H2 Oxidation by a NiFe Hydrogenase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7110-3. [PMID: 25925315 PMCID: PMC4531817 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel in situ IR spectroscopic approach is demonstrated for the characterization of hydrogenase during catalytic turnover. E. coli hydrogenase 1 (Hyd-1) is adsorbed on a high surface-area carbon electrode and subjected to the same electrochemical control and efficient supply of substrate as in protein film electrochemistry during spectral acquisition. The spectra reveal that the active site state known as Ni-L, observed in other NiFe hydrogenases only under illumination or at cryogenic temperatures, can be generated reversibly in the dark at ambient temperature under both turnover and non-turnover conditions. The observation that Ni-L is present at all potentials during turnover under H2 suggests that the final steps in the catalytic cycle of H2 oxidation by Hyd-1 involve sequential proton and electron transfer via Ni-L. A broadly applicable IR spectroscopic technique is presented for addressing electrode-adsorbed redox enzymes under fast catalytic turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Hidalgo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR (UK)
| | - Philip A Ash
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR (UK)
| | - Adam J Healy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR (UK)
| | - Kylie A Vincent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR (UK).
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23
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Alves A, Ly HK, Hildebrandt P, Louro RO, Millo D. Nature of the Surface-Exposed Cytochrome-Electrode Interactions in Electroactive Biofilms of Desulfuromonas acetoxidans. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7968-74. [PMID: 26039558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metal-respiring bacteria are microorganisms capable of oxidizing organic pollutants present in wastewater and transferring the liberated electrons to an electrode. This ability has led to their application as catalysts in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), a sustainable technology coupling bioremediation to electricity production. Crucial for the functioning of these BESs is a complex protein architecture consisting of several surface-exposed multiheme proteins, called outer membrane cytochromes, wiring the cell metabolism to the electrode. Although the role of these proteins has been increasingly understood, little is known about the protein-electrode interactions and their impact on the performance of BESs. In this study, we used surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy in combination with electrochemical techniques to unravel the nature of the protein-electrode interaction for the outer membrane cytochrome OmcB from Desulfuromonas acetoxidans (Dace). Comparing the spectroelectrochemical properties of OmcB bound directly to the electrode surface with those of the same protein embedded inside an electroactive biofilm, we have shown that the surface-exposed cytochromes of Dace biofilms are in direct contact with the electrode surface. Even if direct binding causes protein denaturation, the biofilm possesses the ability to minimize the extent of the damage maximizing the amount of cells in direct electrical communication with the electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alves
- †Instituto de Tecnologia Quı́mica e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República-Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - H K Ly
- ‡Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Hildebrandt
- ‡Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - R O Louro
- †Instituto de Tecnologia Quı́mica e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República-Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - D Millo
- §Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Hidalgo R, Ash PA, Healy AJ, Vincent KA. Infrared Spectroscopy During Electrocatalytic Turnover Reveals the Ni-L Active Site State During H2Oxidation by a NiFe Hydrogenase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Kielb P, Sezer M, Katz S, Lopez F, Schulz C, Gorton L, Ludwig R, Wollenberger U, Zebger I, Weidinger IM. Spectroscopic Observation of Calcium-Induced Reorientation of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase Immobilized on Electrodes and its Effect on Electrocatalytic Activity. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:1960-8. [PMID: 25908116 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellobiose dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of various carbohydrates and is considered as a possible anode catalyst in biofuel cells. It has been shown that the catalytic performance of this enzyme immobilized on electrodes can be increased by presence of calcium ions. To get insight into the Ca(2+) -induced changes in the immobilized enzyme we employ surface-enhanced vibrational (SERR and SEIRA) spectroscopy together with electrochemistry. Upon addition of Ca(2+) ions electrochemical measurements show a shift of the catalytic turnover signal to more negative potentials while SERR measurements reveal an offset between the potential of heme reduction and catalytic current. Comparing SERR and SEIRA data we propose that binding of Ca(2+) to the heme induces protein reorientation in a way that the electron transfer pathway of the catalytic FAD center to the electrode can bypass the heme cofactor, resulting in catalytic activity at more negative potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kielb
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Murat Sezer
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Sagie Katz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Francesca Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund (Sweden)
| | - Christopher Schulz
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund (Sweden)
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund (Sweden)
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna (Austria)
| | - Ulla Wollenberger
- Institüt für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Strasse 24-25, 14476 Golm (Germany)
| | - Ingo Zebger
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Inez M Weidinger
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin (Germany).
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26
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Olejnik P, Pawłowska A, Pałys B. Application of Polarization Modulated Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy for electrocatalytic activity studies of laccase adsorbed on modified gold electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Sezer M, Santos A, Kielb P, Pinto T, Martins LO, Todorovic S. Distinct structural and redox properties of the heme active site in bacterial dye decolorizing peroxidase-type peroxidases from two subfamilies: resonance Raman and electrochemical study. Biochemistry 2013; 52:3074-84. [PMID: 23560556 DOI: 10.1021/bi301630a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic data of dye decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs) from Bacillus subtilis (BsDyP), an A subfamily member, and Pseudomonas putida (PpDyP), a B subfamily enzyme, reveal distinct heme coordination patterns of the respective active sites. In solution, both enzymes show a heterogeneous spin population, with the six-coordinated low-spin state being the most populated in the former and the five-coordinated quantum mechanically mixed-spin state in the latter. We ascribe the poor catalytic activity of BsDyP to the presence of a catalytically incompetent six-coordinated low-spin population. The spin populations of the two DyPs are sensitively dependent on the pH, temperature, and physical, i.e., solution versus crystal versus immobilized, state of the enzymes. We observe a redox potential for the Fe(2+)/Fe(3+) couple in BsDyP (-40 mV) at pH 7.6 substantially more positive than those reported for the majority of other peroxidases, including PpDyP (-260 mV). Furthermore, we evaluate the potential of the studied enzymes for biotechnological applications on the basis of electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Sezer
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Republica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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28
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Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of ET (electron transfer) through electroactive microbial biofilms is a challenge in the field of fundamental and applied life sciences. To date, electrochemical techniques such as CV (cyclic voltammetry) have been applied successfully to study the ET process in intact microbial biofilms on electrodes, providing important insight into their redox properties. However, CV as such does not provide any structural information about the species involved in the redox process. This shortcoming may limit the understanding of the ET process in microbial biofilms. To overcome this restriction, spectroelectrochemical techniques have been designed consisting of a spectroscopic technique performed in combination with electrochemical methods on the same electrode sample. These analytical approaches allow in vivo measurements of microbial biofilms under physiologically relevant conditions and controlled applied potential. The present review describes these spectroelectrochemical methodologies and critically addresses their impact on the understanding of the ET through biofilms.
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