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Huang C, Chen W, Wang X. Studies on the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and its impact on obesity-associated diseases. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2351-2365. [PMID: 37554175 PMCID: PMC10404889 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health crisis in the past ∼50 years. The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene, identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), was first reported to be positively associated with obesity in humans. Mice with more copies of the FTO gene were observed to be obese, while loss of the gene in mice was found to protect from obesity. Later, FTO was found to encode an m6A RNA demethylase and has a profound effect on many biological and metabolic processes. In this review, we first summarize recent studies that demonstrate the critical roles and regulatory mechanisms of FTO in obesity and metabolic disease. Second, we discuss the ongoing debates concerning the association between FTO polymorphisms and obesity. Third, since several small molecule drugs and micronutrients have been found to regulate metabolic homeostasis through controlling the expression or activity of FTO, we highlight the broad potential of targeting FTO for obesity treatment. Improving our understanding of FTO and the underlying mechanisms may provide new approaches for treating obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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2
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Qiu L, Jing Q, Li Y, Han J. RNA modification: mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:25. [PMID: 37612540 PMCID: PMC10447785 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications are dynamic and reversible chemical modifications on substrate RNA that are regulated by specific modifying enzymes. They play important roles in the regulation of many biological processes in various diseases, such as the development of cancer and other diseases. With the help of advanced sequencing technologies, the role of RNA modifications has caught increasing attention in human diseases in scientific research. In this review, we briefly summarized the basic mechanisms of several common RNA modifications, including m6A, m5C, m1A, m7G, Ψ, A-to-I editing and ac4C. Importantly, we discussed their potential functions in human diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, genetic and developmental diseases, as well as immune disorders. Through the "writing-erasing-reading" mechanisms, RNA modifications regulate the stability, translation, and localization of pivotal disease-related mRNAs to manipulate disease development. Moreover, we also highlighted in this review all currently available RNA-modifier-targeting small molecular inhibitors or activators, most of which are designed against m6A-related enzymes, such as METTL3, FTO and ALKBH5. This review provides clues for potential clinical therapy as well as future study directions in the RNA modification field. More in-depth studies on RNA modifications, their roles in human diseases and further development of their inhibitors or activators are needed for a thorough understanding of epitranscriptomics as well as diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yanbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
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3
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Chen L, Gao Y, Xu S, Yuan J, Wang M, Li T, Gong J. N6-methyladenosine reader YTHDF family in biological processes: Structures, roles, and mechanisms. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1162607. [PMID: 36999016 PMCID: PMC10043241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most abundant and conserved internal modification in eukaryote RNAs, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. The YT521-B homology (YTH) domain-containing family proteins (YTHDFs), including YTHDF1, YTHDF2, and YTHDF3, are a class of cytoplasmic m6A-binding proteins defined by the vertebrate YTH domain, and exert extensive functions in regulating RNA destiny. Distinct expression patterns of the YTHDF family in specific cell types or developmental stages result in prominent differences in multiple biological processes, such as embryonic development, stem cell fate, fat metabolism, neuromodulation, cardiovascular effect, infection, immunity, and tumorigenesis. The YTHDF family mediates tumor proliferation, metastasis, metabolism, drug resistance, and immunity, and possesses the potential of predictive and therapeutic biomarkers. Here, we mainly summary the structures, roles, and mechanisms of the YTHDF family in physiological and pathological processes, especially in multiple cancers, as well as their current limitations and future considerations. This will provide novel angles for deciphering m6A regulation in a biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Simiao Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiong Yuan
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Gong,
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4
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Li L, Sun Y, Zha W, Li L, Li H. Novel insights into the N 6-methyladenosine RNA modification and phytochemical intervention in lipid metabolism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 457:116323. [PMID: 36427654 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epitranscriptome (RNA modification) plays a vital role in a variety of biological events. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most prevalent mRNA modification in eukaryotic cells. Dynamic and reversible m6A modification affects the plasticity of epitranscriptome, which plays an essential role in lipid metabolism. In this review, we comprehensively delineated the role and mechanism of m6A modification in the regulation of lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and liver, and summarized phytochemicals that improve lipid metabolism disturbance by targeting m6A regulator, providing potential lead candidates for drug therapeutics. Moreover, we discussed the main challenges and possible future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghuan Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Yuanhai Sun
- Institute of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zha
- Institute of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Lingqing Li
- Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, PR China
| | - Hanbing Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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5
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Guan K, Su Q, Kuang K, Meng X, Zhou X, Liu B. MiR-142-5p/FAM134B Axis Manipulates ER-Phagy to Control PRRSV Replication. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842077. [PMID: 35795666 PMCID: PMC9251429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can replicate its RNA genome in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and utilize ER to facilitate its assembly and maturation. To maintain ER homeostasis, host cells initiate reticulophagy (known as ER-phagy) to effectively digest the stressed ER. In this study, we found that PRRSV infection subverted ER-phagy by downregulating ER-phagy receptor FAM134B. PRRSV-induced miR-142-5p directly targeted FAM134B and significantly promoted PRRSV replication. Meanwhile, siRNA-mediated depletion of FAM134B protein and overexpression of FAM134B mutant protein significantly disrupted ER-phagy and facilitated PRRSV replication. Furthermore, our results showed that FAM134B-mediated ER-phagy activated type I interferon signaling to inhibit PRRSV replication. Overall, this study reveals the important role of ER-phagy in PRRSV replication in a FAM134B-dependent manner. Our findings provide an insight into the pathogenesis of PRRSV and offer a theoretical basis for further development of antiviral therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuju Su
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kailin Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangge Meng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province Local Pig Breed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Zhou, ; Bang Liu,
| | - Bang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province Local Pig Breed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Zhou, ; Bang Liu,
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6
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Yang C, Dong Z, Ling Z, Chen Y. The crucial mechanism and therapeutic implication of RNA methylation in bone pathophysiology. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101641. [PMID: 35569786 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methylation is the most common posttranscriptional modification in cellular RNAs, which has been reported to modulate the alteration of RNA structure for initiating relevant functions such as nuclear translocation and RNA degradation. Recent studies found that RNA methylation especially N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulates the dynamic balance of bone matrix and forms a complicated network in bone metabolism. The modulation disorder of RNA methylation contributes to several pathological bone diseases including osteoporosis (OP), osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and so on. In the review, we will discuss advanced technologies for detecting RNA methylation, summarize RNA methylation-related biological impacts on regulating bone homeostasis and pathological bone diseases. In addition, we focus on the promising roles of RNA methylation in early diagnosis and therapeutic implications for bone-related diseases. Then, we aim to establish a theoretical basis for further investigation in this meaningful field.
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7
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Li Y, Meng L, Zhao B. The roles of N6-methyladenosine methylation in the regulation of bone development, bone remodeling and osteoporosis. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108174. [PMID: 35346729 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a novel epitranscriptomic RNA modification, plays crucial roles in a variety of biological processes and diseases. Recently, there are growing evidence supporting that m6A methylation is essential for bone development and homeostasis through the regulation of key genes by regulating RNA stability, localization, turnover and translation efficiency. In this review, we summarized our current understanding of the functional roles of m6A methylation and its related regulators in bone development and bone remodeling. These findings will offer new directions and insights on the further investigations of m6A methylation in bone biology. Moreover, we also discussed important advances of m6A methylation related regulators as potential therapeutic targets, which allows for novel therapeutic strategies on the medications of bone-related diseases including osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Li Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Baobing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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8
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Expression profiling of N 6-methyladenosine modified circRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 601:137-145. [PMID: 35247767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults, associated with poor prognosis and easy relapse of disease. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were detected to be m6A modified and the role of m6A circRNAs has been reported in other diseases including cancers, however, their role has not been elucidated in AML yet. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression profiling of m6A circRNAs in AML. We performed m6A circRNAs microarray analysis to identify differentially expressed m6A circRNAs in bone marrow samples from AML patients and healthy individuals (control). Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis predicted the potential functions and relevant pathways that may be associated with the m6A circRNAs. The circRNA m6A methylation levels were found to be positively associated with the circRNAs expression, suggesting circRNA m6A modification could contribute to circRNA regulation in AML. Further analysis demonstrated that circRNA m6A modification might influence the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA co-expression network that may contribute to the circRNA regulatory network in AML. Our findings provide evidence of the differential expression profile of m6A circRNAs in AML, and circRNA m6A modification may contribute to circRNA regulatory function in AML.
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9
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Zhang N, Ding C, Zuo Y, Peng Y, Zuo L. N6-methyladenosine and Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1925-1937. [PMID: 35032318 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a dynamic reversible methylation modification of the adenosine N6 position and is the most common chemical epigenetic modification among mRNA post-transcriptional modifications, including methylation, demethylation, and recognition. Post-transcriptional modification involves multiple protein molecules, including METTL3, METTL14, WTAP, KIAA1429, ALKBH5, YTHDF1/2/3, and YTHDC1/2. m6A-related proteins are expressed in almost all cells. However, the abnormal expression of m6A-related proteins may occur in the nervous system, thereby affecting neuritogenesis, brain volume, learning and memory, memory formation and consolidation, etc., and is implicated in the development of diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, depression, epilepsy, and brain tumors. This review focuses on the functions of m6A in the development of central nervous system diseases, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of disease pathogenesis and providing potential clinical therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Chunhong Ding
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxin Zuo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Lielian Zuo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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10
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Zhao K, Yang CX, Li P, Sun W, Kong XQ. Epigenetic role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation in the cardiovascular system. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 21:509-523. [PMID: 32633106 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As the most prevalent and abundant transcriptional modification in the eukaryotic genome, the continuous and dynamic regulation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been shown to play a vital role in physiological and pathological processes of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as ischemic heart failure (HF), myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial infarction (MI), and cardiomyogenesis. Regulation is achieved by modulating the expression of m6A enzymes and their downstream cardiac genes. In addition, this process has a major impact on different aspects of internal biological metabolism and several other external environmental effects associated with the development of CVDs. However, the exact molecular mechanism of m6A epigenetic regulation has not been fully elucidated. In this review, we outline recent advances and discuss potential therapeutic strategies for managing m6A in relation to several common CVD-related metabolic disorders and external environmental factors. Note that an appropriate understanding of the biological function of m6A in the cardiovascular system will pave the way towards exploring the mechanisms responsible for the development of other CVDs and their associated symptoms. Finally, it can provide new insights for the development of novel therapeutic agents for use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiang-Qing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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11
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Sun M, Zhang X. Epigenetic regulation of N6-methyladenosine modifications in obesity. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1306-1315. [PMID: 33979018 PMCID: PMC8354493 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health issue in the world and is related to a higher risk of suffering metabolic diseases. Understanding the molecular basis of obesity is critical to identify new targets to treat obesity and obesity-associated metabolic diseases. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most common form of ribonucleic acid modification, which has attracted increasing interest of researchers in recent years, as it is reported that m6A has vital functions in diseases and everyday life activities. Recent studies showed that m6A modification was decreased in obese adipose tissue, and appeared to play a regulatory role in many obesity-associated biological processes, including adipogenesis, lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. In this review, we discussed the emerging advances in m6A modification in obesity to provide a novel therapeutic strategy for fighting against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Sun
- School of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinan Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
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12
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Song D, Hou J, Wu J, Wang J. Role of N 6-Methyladenosine RNA Modification in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:659628. [PMID: 34026872 PMCID: PMC8138049 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.659628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite treatments being improved and many risk factors being identified, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common, abundant, and conserved internal modification in RNAs and plays an important role in the development of CVD. Many studies have shown that aabnormal m6A modifications of coding RNAs are involved in the development of CVD. In addition, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) exert post-transcriptional regulation in many diseases including CVD. Although ncRNAs have also been found to be modified by m6A, the studies on m6A modifications of ncRNAs in CVD are currently lacking. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in understanding m6A modifications in the context of coding RNAs and ncRNAs, as well as their regulatory roles in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianhua Hou
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junduo Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junnan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Zhu L, Wang X, Wang Y. Roles of FAM134B in diseases from the perspectives of organelle membrane morphogenesis and cellular homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7242-7255. [PMID: 33843059 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Family with sequence similarity 134 member B (FAM134B)/RETREG1/JK1 is a novel gene with recently reported roles in various diseases. Understanding the function and mechanism of action of FAM134B is necessary to develop disease therapies. Notably, emerging data are clarifying the molecular mechanisms of FAM134B function in organelle membrane morphogenesis and the regulation of signaling pathways, such as the Wnt and AKT signaling pathways. In addition, transcription factors, RNA N6 -methyladenosine-mediated epigenetic regulation, microRNA, and small molecules are involved in the regulation of FAM134B expression. This review comprehensively considers recent studies on the role of FAM134B and its potential mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, viral diseases, cancer, and other diseases. The functions of FAM134B in maintaining cell homeostasis by regulating Golgi morphology, endoplasmic reticulum autophagy, and mitophagy are also highlighted, which may be the underlying mechanism of FAM134B gene mutation-induced diseases. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms of the FAM134B function during numerous biological processes are discussed. This review provides novel insights into the functions and mechanisms of FAM134B in various diseases, which will inform the development of effective drugs to treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Wang JY, Lu AQ. The biological function of m6A reader YTHDF2 and its role in human disease. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:109. [PMID: 33593354 PMCID: PMC7885220 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a dynamic and reversible post-transcriptional modification and the most prevalent internal RNA modification in eukaryotic cells. YT521-B homology domain family 2 (YTHDF2) is a member of m6A “readers” and its role in human diseases remains unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that YTHDF2 is greatly implicated in many aspects of human cancers and non-cancers through various mechanisms. YTHDF2 takes a great part in multiple biological processes, such as migration, invasion, metastasis, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, cell viability, cell adhesion, differentiation and inflammation, in both human cancers and non-cancers. Additionally, YTHDF2 influences various aspects of RNA metabolism, including mRNA decay and pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) processing. Moreover, emerging researches indicate that YTHDF2 predicts the prognosis of different cancers. Herein, we focus on concluding YTHDF2-associated mechanisms and potential biological functions in kinds of cancers and non-cancers, and its prospects as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Wang
- Department of orthopeadics, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, 215600, Zhangjiagang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Qing Lu
- Department of orthopeadics, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, 215600, Zhangjiagang, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Wu R, Wang X. Epigenetic regulation of adipose tissue expansion and adipogenesis by N 6 -methyladenosine. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13124. [PMID: 32935469 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, defined as excessive fat accumulation, is strongly associated with metabolic diseases and cancer, and its prevalence is rising worldwide. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism of adipogenesis is of fundamental significance. Epigenetic modifications play important roles in regulating adipogenesis. N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A), the most prevalent and abundant mRNA modification in eukaryotic cells, modulates multiple aspects of RNA metabolism, including mRNA stability, translation, splicing and export. Recent studies indicate that m6 A methylation plays important roles in modulating gene expression and signal pathways in various physiologic processes and diseases. Notably, the significant function and regulatory mechanisms of m6 A in adipogenesis are now emerging. In this review, we summarize recent studies that elucidate the vital roles of m6 A modifications in regulating adipogenesis and adipose tissue expansion. Furthermore, we highlight the nutritional regulation of m6 A methylation and adipogenesis, which may prove a novel therapeutic strategy to fight against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifan Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Chen J, Tian Y, Zhang Q, Ren D, Zhang Q, Yan X, Wang L, He Z, Zhang W, Zhang T, Yuan X. Novel Insights Into the Role of N6-Methyladenosine RNA Modification in Bone Pathophysiology. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 30:17-28. [PMID: 33231507 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thus far, there are more than known 150 modifications to RNA, in which common internal modifications of mRNA include N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyladenosine, and 5-methylcytosine. Among them, m6A RNA modification is one of the highest abundance modifications in eukaryotes, regulating mechanisms controlling gene expression at the post-transcription level. As an invertible and dynamic epigenetic marker, m6A base modification influences almost all vital biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. Once the m6A modification process is abnormal, a series of diseases-including cancer, neurological diseases, and growth disorders-will be caused. Besides, several base modification activities also have been created by noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), for instance, microRNAs, and circular RNAs, long ncRNAs, which were dynamically regulated during bone and cartilage pathophysiology processes. Therefore, it has now been clear that dynamic modification on coding RNAs and ncRNAs represents a completely new way to modulate genetic information. In this review, we highlight up-to-date progress and applications of m6A RNA modification in bone and cartilage pathophysiology, and we discuss the pathological roles and underlying molecular mechanism of m6A modifications in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis and osteosarcoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yihong Tian
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dapeng Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zijing He
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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17
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Mo J, Chen J, Zhang B. Critical roles of FAM134B in ER-phagy and diseases. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:983. [PMID: 33199694 PMCID: PMC7670425 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
FAM134B (also called JK-1, RETREG1), a member of the family with sequence similarity 134, was originally discovered as an oncogene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, its most famous function is that of an ER-phagy-regulating receptor. Over the decades, the powerful biological functions of FAM134B were gradually revealed. Overwhelming evidence indicates that its dysfunction is related to pathophysiological processes such as neuropathy, viral replication, inflammation, and cancer. This review describes the biological functions of FAM134B, focusing on its role in ER-phagy. In addition, we summarize the diseases in which it is involved and review the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P.R. China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P.R. China.
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18
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Song T, Yang Y, Jiang S, Peng J. Novel Insights into Adipogenesis from the Perspective of Transcriptional and RNA N6-Methyladenosine-Mediated Post-Transcriptional Regulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001563. [PMID: 33173729 PMCID: PMC7610318 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a critical risk factor causing the development of metabolic diseases and cancers. Its increasing prevalence worldwide has aroused great concerns of the researchers on adipose development and metabolic function. During adipose expansion, adipogenesis is a way to store lipids as well as to avoid lipotoxicity in other tissues, and may be an approach to offset the negative metabolic effects of obesity. In this Review, the transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis is outlined to characterize numerous biological processes in research on the determination of adipocyte fate and regulation of adipogenic differentiation. Notably, one of the post-transcriptional modifications of mRNA, namely, N6-methyladenosine (m6A), has been recently found to play a role in adipogenesis. Here, the roles of m6A-related enzymes and proteins in adipogenesis, with a particular focus on how these m6A-related proteins function at different stages of adipogenesis, are mainly discussed. The Review also highlights the coordination role of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional (RNA m6A methylation) regulation in adipogenesis and related biological processes. In this context, a better understanding of adipogenesis at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels may facilitate the development of novel strategies to improve metabolic health in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxing Song
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed ScienceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhan430070China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed ScienceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhan430070China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhan430070China
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction Ministry of EducationCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed ScienceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhan430070China
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19
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Mu Z, Dong D, Sun M, Li L, Wei N, Hu B. Prognostic Value of YTHDF2 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1566. [PMID: 33102202 PMCID: PMC7546891 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
m6A, the main form of mRNA modification, participates in regulating multiple normal and pathological biological events, especially in tumorigenesis. However, there is little known about the association of m6A-related genes with prognosis of clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC). Therefore, the prognostic value of m6A-related genes was investigated using Kaplan–Meier curves of overall survival (OS) with the log-rank test and Cox regression analysis. The differential expression of YTHDF2 mRNA in ccRCC and tumor-adjacent normal tissues and associated with clinicopathological characteristics was also analyzed. The alteration of cancer signaling pathways was screened by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Univariate analysis showed that 15 m6A-related genes (including YTHDF2) were closely related to prognosis. Multivariate analysis further confirmed that YTHDF2 could serve as an independent prognostic factor for the OS of ccRCC patients (P < 0.001). Low-level expression of YTHDF2 had poor prognosis in ccRCC patients with lower tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) stage, age > 61, non-distant metastasis, non-lymph node metastasis, female gender, and higher histological grade (P < 0.05). Moreover, YTHDF2 expression in ccRCC tissues (N = 529) is significantly lower than that of tumor-adjacent normal tissues (N = 72, P = 0.0086). Furthermore, GSEA demonstrated that AKT/mTOR/GSK3 pathway, EIF4 pathway, CHREBP2 pathway, MET pathway, NFAT pathway, FAS pathway, EDG1 pathway, and CTCF pathway are altered in tumors with high YTHDF2 expression. Taken together, our results demonstrated that YTHDF2 (an m6A-related gene) could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker of ccRCC, and targeting epigenetic modification may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Mu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingli Sun
- School of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liwen Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ning Wei
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
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20
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Zhou Y, Kong Y, Fan W, Tao T, Xiao Q, Li N, Zhu X. Principles of RNA methylation and their implications for biology and medicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110731. [PMID: 32920520 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA methylation is a post-transcriptional level of regulation. At present, more than 150 kinds of RNA modifications have been identified. They are widely distributed in messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), noncoding small RNA (sncRNA) and long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA). In recent years, with the discovery of RNA methylation related proteins and the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, the mystery of RNA methylation has been gradually revealed, and its biological function and application value have gradually emerged. In this review, a large number of research results of RNA methylation in recent years are collected. Through systematic summary and refinement, this review introduced RNA methylation modification-related proteins and RNA methylation sequencing technologies, as well as the biological functions of RNA methylation, expressions and applications of RNA methylation-related genes in physiological or pathological states such as cancer, immunity and virus infection, and discussed the potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hubei No.3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China.
| | - Qin Xiao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China; The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China.
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21
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Zhang B, Jiang H, Dong Z, Sun A, Ge J. The critical roles of m6A modification in metabolic abnormality and cardiovascular diseases. Genes Dis 2020; 8:746-758. [PMID: 34522705 PMCID: PMC8427257 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is an emerging area of epigenetics, which is a reversible and dynamic modification mediating by ‘writers’ (methylase, adding methyl groups, METTL3, METTL14, and WTAP), ‘erasers’ (demethylase, deleting methyl groups, FTO and ALKBH5), and ‘readers’ (YTHDF1-3, YTHDC1 and YTHDC2). Recent studies in human, animal models and cell levels have disclosed a critical role of m6A modification in regulating the homeostasis of metabolic processes and cardiovascular function. Evidence from these studies identify m6A as a candidate of biomarker and therapeutic target for metabolic abnormality and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Comprehensive understanding of the complexity of m6A regulation in metabolic diseases and CVD will be helpful for us to understand the pathogenesis of CVD. In this review, we discuss the regulatory role of m6A in metabolic abnormality and CVD. We will emphasize the clinical relevance of m6A dysregulation in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beijian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 1609 Xietu Road, District Xuhui, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Corresponding author. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 1609 Xietu Road, District Xuhui, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
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22
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Zhao Y, Shi Y, Shen H, Xie W. m 6A-binding proteins: the emerging crucial performers in epigenetics. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:35. [PMID: 32276589 PMCID: PMC7146974 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a well-known post-transcriptional modification that is the most common type of methylation in eukaryotic mRNAs. The regulation of m6A is dynamic and reversible, which is erected by m6A methyltransferases ("writers") and removed by m6A demethylases ("erasers"). Notably, the effects on targeted mRNAs resulted by m6A predominantly depend on the functions of different m6A-binding proteins ("readers") including YT521-B homology (YTH) domain family, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (HNRNPs), and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs). Indeed, m6A readers not only participate in multiple procedures of RNA metabolism, but also are involved in a variety of biological processes. In this review, we summarized the specific functions and underlying mechanisms of m6A-binding proteins in tumorigenesis, hematopoiesis, virus replication, immune response, and adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Zhao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanfei Shi
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huafei Shen
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanzhuo Xie
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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23
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Su H, Wang G, Wu L, Ma X, Ying K, Zhang R. Transcriptome-wide map of m 6A circRNAs identified in a rat model of hypoxia mediated pulmonary hypertension. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:39. [PMID: 31931709 PMCID: PMC6958941 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia mediated pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a lethal disease and lacks effective therapy. CircRNAs play significant roles in physiological process. Recently, circRNAs are found to be m6A-modified. The abundance of circRNAs was influenced by m6A. Furthermore, the significance of m6A circRNAs has not been elucidated in HPH yet. Here we aim to investigate the transcriptome-wide map of m6A circRNAs in HPH. Results Differentially expressed m6A abundance was detected in lungs of HPH rats. M6A abundance in circRNAs was significantly reduced in hypoxia in vitro. M6A circRNAs were mainly from protein-coding genes spanned single exons in control and HPH groups. Moreover, m6A influenced the circRNA–miRNA–mRNA co-expression network in hypoxia. M6A circXpo6 and m6A circTmtc3 were firstly identified to be downregulated in HPH. Conclusion Our study firstly identified the transcriptome-wide map of m6A circRNAs in HPH. M6A can influence circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network. Furthermore, we firstly identified two HPH-associated m6A circRNAs: circXpo6 and circTmtc3. However, the clinical significance of m6A circRNAs for HPH should be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guowen Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfang Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuqing Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kejing Ying
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruifeng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China.
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24
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Heng J, Tian M, Zhang W, Chen F, Guan W, Zhang S. Maternal heat stress regulates the early fat deposition partly through modification of m 6A RNA methylation in neonatal piglets. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:635-645. [PMID: 31069641 PMCID: PMC6527640 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that heat stress induces various physiological challenges in livestock production including changes in lipid metabolism. However, the molecular mechanism of how heat stress regulates lipid metabolism at the mRNA level is still largely unknown. N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) is the most common and abundant modification on RNA molecules present in eukaryotes, which affects almost all aspects of RNA metabolism and thus gives us the hint that it may participate in changes of gene expression of lipid metabolism during heat stress. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of heat stress on fat metabolism in 21-day Large White × Landrace piglets from sows challenged by heat stress from day 85 of gestation until day 21 of lactation. We measured the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), genes associated with lipid metabolism, m6A-related enzymes, and m6A levels in abdominal fat and liver of offspring piglets. Our results showed that high ambient temperature significantly increased the expression of HSP70 (P < 0.01) in both liver and abdominal fat and upregulated HSP27 in the liver (P < 0.05). Additionally, genes involved in fat metabolism such as ACACA, FASN, DGAT1, PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c, and FABP4 were upregulated in abdominal fat in the experimental group challenged by high ambient temperature. In the liver, heat stress increased the mRNA expression of DGAT1, SREBP-1c, and CD36 and decreased ATGL and CPT1A expression (P < 0.05). The m6A level was higher in the heat stress group compared with the control group in the liver and abdominal fat of offspring piglets (P < 0.01). Notably, heat stress also increased gene expression of METTL14, WTAP, FTO, and YTHDF2 (P < 0.05) in both abdominal fat and liver. The protein abundances of METTL3, METTL14, and FTO were upregulated after heat stress in abdominal fat (P < 0.05) but not in the liver. Although there was no difference in the protein abundance of YTHDF2 in abdominal fat, its level was increased in the liver (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings showed that heat stress increased expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, which provided scientific evidence to the observation of increased fatness in pigs under heat stress. We also demonstrated a possible mechanism that m6A RNA modification may be associated with these changes in lipid metabolism upon heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Heng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Min Tian
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenfei Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Issue Highlights. IUBMB Life 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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