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Aydinlou ZH, Rajabi A, Emami A, Tayefeh-Gholami S, Teimourian S, Nargesi MM, Banan-Khojasteh SM, Safaralizadeh R. Three possible diagnostic biomarkers for gastric cancer: miR-362-3p, miR-362-5p and miR-363-5p. Biomark Med 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39072355 DOI: 10.1080/17520363.2024.2352419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: MicroRNAs can be regarded as biomarkers for gastric cancer (GC) diagnosis in the early stages. This study assesses the expression levels of miR-362-3p, miR-362-5p and miR-363-5p as potential biomarkers for GC. Materials & methods: The expression levels of the miRNAs in 90 pairs of GC and adjacent normal tissue samples were analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and some bioinformatics tools were utilized for analyzing the target genes and possible molecular pathways in which these miRNAs participate. Results & conclusion: There was a significant overexpression of the miRNAs in GC cells and an outstanding correlation between their overexpression with some clinicopathological features of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Rajabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Emami
- Medical School Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec
| | | | - Shahram Teimourian
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mirsaed Miri Nargesi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, Te Whatu Ora Health, New Zealand
| | | | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Naseer QA, Malik A, Zhang F, Chen S. Exploring the enigma: history, present, and future of long non-coding RNAs in cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:214. [PMID: 38847897 PMCID: PMC11161455 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are more than 200 nucleotides in length and do not encode proteins, play crucial roles in governing gene expression at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. These molecules demonstrate specific expression patterns in various tissues and developmental stages, suggesting their involvement in numerous developmental processes and diseases, notably cancer. Despite their widespread acknowledgment and the growing enthusiasm surrounding their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, the precise mechanisms through which lncRNAs function remain inadequately understood. A few lncRNAs have been studied in depth, providing valuable insights into their biological activities and suggesting emerging functional themes and mechanistic models. However, the extent to which the mammalian genome is transcribed into functional noncoding transcripts is still a matter of debate. This review synthesizes our current understanding of lncRNA biogenesis, their genomic contexts, and their multifaceted roles in tumorigenesis, highlighting their potential in cancer-targeted therapy. By exploring historical perspectives alongside recent breakthroughs, we aim to illuminate the diverse roles of lncRNA and reflect on the broader implications of their study for understanding genome evolution and function, as well as for advancing clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qais Ahmad Naseer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Fengyuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Shengxia Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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3
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Zhu HN, Song DL, Zhang SN, Zheng ZJ, Chen XY, Jin X. Progress in long non-coding RNAs as prognostic factors of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155230. [PMID: 38461693 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is generally recognized as a slow-growing tumor. However, a small subset of patients may still experience relapse or metastasis shortly after therapy, leading to a poor prognosis and raising concerns about excessive medical treatment. One major challenge lies in the inadequacy of effective biomarkers for accurate risk stratification. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are closely related to malignant characteristics and poor prognosis, play a significant role in the genesis and development of PTC through various pathways. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the biological functions of lncRNAs in PTC, identify prognosis-relevant lncRNAs, and explore their potential mechanisms in drug resistance to BRAF kinase inhibitors, tumor dedifferentiation, and lymph node metastasis. By doing so, this review aims to offer valuable references for both basic research and the prediction of PTC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Nan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Dong-Liang Song
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Si-Nan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Zhao-Jie Zheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Xing-Yu Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China.
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4
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Lin G, Wu T, Gao X, He Z, Nong W. Research Progress of Long Non-Coding RNA GAS5 in Malignant Tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:846497. [PMID: 35837102 PMCID: PMC9273967 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.846497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With completing the whole genome sequencing project, awareness of lncRNA further deepened. The growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) was initially identified in growth-inhibiting cells. GAS5 is a lncRNA (long non-coding RNA), and it plays a crucial role in various human cancers. There are small ORFs (open reading frames) in the exons of the GAS5 gene sequence, but they do not encode functional proteins. In addition, GAS5 is also the host gene of several small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA). These snoRNAs are believed to play a suppressive role during tumor progression by methylating ribosomal RNA (rRNA). As a result, GAS5 expression levels in tumor tissues are significantly reduced, leading to increased malignancy, poor prognosis, and drug resistance. Recent studies have demonstrated that GAS5 can interact with miRNAs by base-pairing and other functional proteins to inhibit their biological functions, impacting signaling pathways and changing the level of intracellular autophagy, oxidative stress, and immune cell function in vivo. In addition, GAS5 participates in regulating proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis through the above molecular mechanisms. This article reviews the recent discoveries on GAS5, including its expression levels in different tumors, its biological behavior, and its molecular regulation mechanism in human cancers. The value of GAS5 as a molecular marker in the prevention and treatment of cancers is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tianzhun Wu
- Oncology Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Oncology Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ziqin He
- Oncology Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenwei Nong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Wenwei Nong,
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5
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Wu W, Zhang S, He J. The Mechanism of Long Non-coding RNA in Cancer Radioresistance/Radiosensitivity: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879704. [PMID: 35600868 PMCID: PMC9117703 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Radioresistance remains a significant challenge in tumor therapy. This systematic review aims to demonstrate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in cancer radioresistance/radiosensitivity. Material and methods: The electronic databases Pubmed, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched from January 2000 to December 2021 to identify studies addressing the mechanisms of lncRNAs in tumor radioresistance/sensitivity, each of which required both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Results: Among the 87 studies identified, lncRNAs were implicated in tumor radioresistance/sensitivity mainly in three paradigms. 1) lncRNAs act on microRNA (miRNA) by means of a sponge, and their downstream signals include some specific molecular biological processes (DNA repair and chromosome stabilization, mRNA or protein stabilization, cell cycle and proliferation, apoptosis-related pathways, autophagy-related pathways, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cellular energy metabolism) and some signaling mediators (transcription factors, kinases, some important signal transduction pathways) that regulate various biological processes. 2) lncRNAs directly interact with proteins, affecting the cell cycle and autophagy to contribute to tumor radioresistance. 3) lncRNAs act like transcription factors to initiate downstream signaling pathways and participate in tumor radioresistance. Conclusion: lncRNAs are important regulators involved in tumor radioresistance\sensitivity. Different lncRNAs may participate in the radioresistance with the same regulatory paradigm, and the same lncRNAs may also participate in the radioresistance in different ways. Future research should focus more on comprehensively characterizing the mechanisms of lncRNAs in tumor radioresistance to help us identify corresponding novel biomarkers and develop new lncRNA-based methods to improve radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Wu
- Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhan Wu,
| | - Shijian Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jia He
- Faculty Affairs and Human Resources Management Department, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Wang W, Shen C, Zhao Y, Sun B, Qiu X, Yin S, Chen J, Li X. The Role of m6A RNA Methylation-Related lncRNAs in the Prognosis and Tumor Immune Microenvironment of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:719820. [PMID: 35047491 PMCID: PMC8762243 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.719820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has indicated that N6-methylandenosine (m6A) RNA methylation plays a critical role in cancer development. However, the function of m6A RNA methylation-related long noncoding RNAs (m6A-lncRNAs) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has never been reported. This study aimed to investigate the role of m6A-lncRNAs in the prognosis and tumor microenvironment (TME) of PTC. Three subgroups (clusters 1, 2, and 3) were identified by consensus clustering of 19 prognosis-related m6A-lncRNA regulators, of which cluster 1 is preferentially related to unfavorable prognosis, lower immune scores, and distinct immune infiltrate level. A risk-score model was established based on 8 prognosis-related m6A-lncRNAs. Patients with a high-risk score showed a worse prognosis, and the ROC indicated a reliable prediction performance for patients with PTC (AUC = 0.802). As expected, the immune scores, the infiltration levels of immune cells, and ESTIMATE scores in the low-risk subgroups were notably higher (p < 0.001) when compared with those in high-risk subgroups. Furthermore, GSEA analysis revealed that tumor associated pathways, hallmarks, and biological processes were remarkably enriched in the high-risk subgroup. Further analysis indicated that the risk score and age were independent prognostic factors for PTC. An integrated nomogram was constructed that accurately predicted the survival status (AUC = 0.963). Moreover, a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulated network was established based on seven prognosis-related m6A-lncRNAs. In addition, 30 clinical samples and different PTC cells were validated. This is the first study to reveal that m6A-lncRNAs plays a vital role in the prognosis and TME of PTC. To a certain degree, m6A-lncRNAs can be considered as new, promising prognostic biomarkers and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Wang
- Thyroid Surgery Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Shen
- Thyroid Surgery Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunzhe Zhao
- Thyroid Surgery Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Botao Sun
- Thyroid Surgery Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyuan Qiu
- Thyroid Surgery Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shujuan Yin
- Thyroid Surgery Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Thyroid Surgery Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Thyroid Surgery Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wang F, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Chen X, Xiang J, Fan M, Yu Y, Cai Y, Wu H, Huang S, He N, Hu Z, Ding G, Jin X. Circular RNA CircPPP1CB Suppresses Tumorigenesis by Interacting With the MiR-1307-3p/SMG1 Axis in Human Bladder Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:704683. [PMID: 34595165 PMCID: PMC8476764 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.704683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a newly discovered endogenous non-coding RNA (ncRNA), which is characterized with a closed circular structure. A growing body of evidence has verified the vital roles of circRNAs in human cancer. In this research, we selected circPPP1CB as a study object by circRNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation in human bladder cancer (BC). CircPPP1CB is downregulated in BC and is negatively correlated with clinical stages and histological grades. Functionally, circPPP1CB modulated cell growth, metastasis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, we performed various experiments to verify the circPPP1CB/miR-1307-3p/SMG1 regulatory axis. Taken together, our results demonstrated that circPPP1CB participates in tumor growth, metastasis, and EMT process by interacting with the miR-1307-3p/SMG1 axis, and that circPPP1CB might be a novel therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker in human BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejian Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianwu Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayong Xiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjing Fan
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanlan Yu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueshu Cai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongshen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shihan Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghui Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Ding
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Dong R, Zhang B, Tan B, Lin N. Long non-coding RNAs as the regulators and targets of macrophage M2 polarization. Life Sci 2021; 266:118895. [PMID: 33310042 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are immune cells with high heterogeneity and plasticity. M2 polarization is one extreme of the well-established phenotypes of macrophage polarization, and involves in diverse biological processes. The polarization process is initiated at the command of numerous components. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides with limited protein-coding capacity. Recent studies have revealed a newly found subset of lncRNAs engaged in the M2 polarization and their potent and multifunctional roles in developing diseases. By interfering with specific signaling pathways and altering the active mode, acting as the sponges of microRNAs or decoys of transcription factors, lncRNAs prompted macrophages to an M2 phenotype. Further, lncRNAs can bind to the genome to regulate the chromatin dynamics or work as a platform for protein complexes tether. Exosomal lncRNAs can also orchestrate the polarization in a paracrine way. To make it easier to interpret the roles of lncRNAs in the M2 polarization, we review the reported lncRNAs according to the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss the possibilities of targeting macrophages' M2 polarization using the oligonucleotides drugs or clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technologies to provoke wisdom on the therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 31006, China
| | - Biqin Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Nengming Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 31006, China.
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