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Jara TC, Park K, Vahmani P, Van Eenennaam AL, Smith LR, Denicol AC. Stem cell-based strategies and challenges for production of cultivated meat. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:841-853. [PMID: 37845547 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated meat scale-up and industrial production will require multiple stable cell lines from different species to recreate the organoleptic and nutritional properties of meat from livestock. In this Review, we explore the potential of stem cells to create the major cellular components of cultivated meat. By using developments in the fields of tissue engineering and biomedicine, we explore the advantages and disadvantages of strategies involving primary adult and pluripotent stem cells for generating cell sources that can be grown at scale. These myogenic, adipogenic or extracellular matrix-producing adult stem cells as well as embryonic or inducible pluripotent stem cells are discussed for their proliferative and differentiation capacity, necessary for cultivated meat. We examine the challenges for industrial scale-up, including differentiation and culture protocols, as well as genetic modification options for stem cell immortalization and controlled differentiation. Finally, we discuss stem cell-related safety and regulatory challenges for bringing cultivated meat to the marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Jara
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - K Park
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - P Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A L Van Eenennaam
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - L R Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - A C Denicol
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Pieri NCG, de Souza AF, Botigelli RC, Pessôa LVDF, Recchia K, Machado LS, Glória MH, de Castro RVG, Leal DF, Fantinato Neto P, Martins SMMK, Dos Santos Martins D, Bressan FF, de Andrade AFC. Porcine Primordial Germ Cell-Like Cells Generated from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Different Culture Conditions. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:1639-1656. [PMID: 34115317 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Culture conditions regulate the process of pluripotency acquisition and self-renewal. This study aimed to analyse the influence of the in vitro environment on the induction of porcine induced pluripotent stem cell (piPSCs) differentiation into primordial germ cell-like cells (pPGCLCs). piPSC culture with different supplementation strategies (LIF, bFGF, or LIF plus bFGF) promoted heterogeneous phenotypic profiles. Continuous bFGF supplementation during piPSCs culture was beneficial to support a pluripotent state and the differentiation of piPSCs into pPGCLCs. The pPGCLCs were positive for the gene and protein expression of pluripotent and germinative markers. This study can provide a suitable in vitro model for use in translational studies and to help answer numerous remaining questions about germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Aline Fernanda de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, SP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Ramon Cesar Botigelli
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Kaiana Recchia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Simões Machado
- Department of Biochemistry, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Mayra Hirakawa Glória
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, SP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Raquel Vasconcelos Guimarães de Castro
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Feitosa Leal
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Fantinato Neto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, SP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Dos Santos Martins
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, SP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - André Furugen Cesar de Andrade
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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Uto S, Nishizawa S, Hikita A, Takato T, Hoshi K. Application of induced pluripotent stem cells for cartilage regeneration in CLAWN miniature pig osteochondral replacement model. Regen Ther 2018; 9:58-70. [PMID: 30525076 PMCID: PMC6222263 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pluripotent stem cells have an advantage that they can proliferate without reduction of the quality, while they have risk of tumorigenesis. It is desirable that pluripotent stem cells can be utilized safely with minimal effort in cartilage regenerative medicine. To accomplish this, we examined the potential usefulness of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) after minimal treatment via cell isolation and hydrogel embedding for cartilage regeneration using a large animal model. Methods Porcine iPS-like cells were established from the CLAWN miniature pig. In vitro differentiation was examined for porcine iPS-like cells with minimal treatment. For the osteochondral replacement model, osteochondral defect was made in the quarters of the anteromedial sides of the proximal tibias in pigs. Porcine iPS-like cells and human iPS cells with minimal treatment were seeded on scaffold made of thermo-compression-bonded beta-TCP and poly-L-lactic acid and transplanted to the defect, and cartilage regeneration and tumorigenesis were evaluated. Results The in vitro analysis indicated that the minimal treatment was sufficient to weaken the pluripotency of the porcine iPS-like cells, while chondrogenic differentiation did not occur in vitro. When porcine iPS-like cells were transplanted into osteochondral replacement model after minimal treatment in vitro, cartilage regeneration was observed without tumor formation. Additionally, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) indicated that the chondrocytes in the regenerative cartilage originated from transplanted porcine iPS-like cells. Transplantation of human iPS cells also showed the regeneration of cartilage in miniature pigs under immunosuppressive treatment. Conclusion Minimally-treated iPS cells will be a useful cell source for cartilage regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Uto
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoru Nishizawa
- Translational Research Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hikita
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Cell & Tissue Engineering (Fujisoft), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- JR Tokyo General Hospital, 2-1-3 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-8528, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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DHARA SUJOYK, SANTRA LAKSHMAN, GUPTA SAURABH. Adipogenic differentiation of culture-expanded bone marrow derived porcine mesenchymal stem cells. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v87i3.68854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
In order to use Mesenchymal stem cell populations for obesity and related metabolic syndrome studies in cell culture system, as a prerequisite, we evaluated the potency of these stem cells to undergo adipogenic differentiation. Porcine stem cells were chosen to study adipogenesis in due to the fact that pig has a natural tendency to get obese and the species is considered to be the most desired biomedical model for human applications. Porcine MSCs have been exposed to adipogenic induction media following a 21day protocol and observed under microscope for detecting stages of differentiation. At the terminal differentiation stage; morphologically, the cells appeared rounded with numerous large cytosolic lipid spheres. Upon staining with Oil Red O, the lipid spheres stained bright red. Based on this, proprietary medium was found to differentiate MSCs more efficiently than medium formulated on previous reports. Both, the differential morphologic feature corresponding to the adipocyte and positive Oil Red O staining confirmed about successful adipogenic differentiation. We envision that stem cell based culture system from porcine species would aid for studying molecular adipogenesis and subsequent identification of therapeutic targets for obesity and other metabolic diseases.
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DNA repair and replication links to pluripotency and differentiation capacity of pig iPS cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173047. [PMID: 28253351 PMCID: PMC5333863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs are proposed to be suitable large animal models for test of the efficacy and safety of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for stem cell therapy, but authentic pig ES/iPS cell lines with germline competence are rarely produced. The pathways or signaling underlying the defective competent pig iPSCs remain poorly understood. By improving induction conditions using various small chemicals, we generated pig iPSCs that exhibited high pluripotency and differentiation capacity that can contribute to chimeras. However, their potency was reduced with increasing passages by teratoma formation test, and correlated with declined expression levels of Rex1, an important marker for naïve state. By RNA-sequencing analysis, genes related to WNT signaling were upregulated and MAPK signaling and TGFβ pathways downregulated in pig iPSCs compared to fibroblasts, but they were abnormally expressed during passages. Notably, pathways involving in DNA repair and replication were upregulated at early passage, but downregulated in iPSCs during prolonged passage in cluster with fibroblasts. Our data suggests that reduced DNA repair and replication capacity links to the instability of pig iPSCs. Targeting these pathways may facilitate generation of truly pluripotent pig iPSCs, with implication in translational studies.
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Huang J, Zhang H, Yao J, Qin G, Wang F, Wang X, Luo A, Zheng Q, Cao C, Zhao J. BIX-01294 increases pig cloning efficiency by improving epigenetic reprogramming of somatic cell nuclei. Reproduction 2016; 151:39-49. [PMID: 26604326 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that faulty epigenetic reprogramming leads to the abnormal development of cloned embryos and results in the low success rates observed in all mammals produced through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The aberrant methylation status of H3K9me and H3K9me2 has been reported in cloned mouse embryos. To explore the role of H3K9me2 and H3K9me in the porcine somatic cell nuclear reprogramming, BIX-01294, known as a specific inhibitor of G9A (histone-lysine methyltransferase of H3K9), was used to treat the nuclear-transferred (NT) oocytes for 14-16 h after activation. The results showed that the developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos was significantly enhanced both in vitro (blastocyst rate 16.4% vs 23.2%, P<0.05) and in vivo (cloning rate 1.59% vs 2.96%) after 50 nm BIX-01294 treatment. BIX-01294 treatment significantly decreased the levels of H3K9me2 and H3K9me at the 2- and 4-cell stages, which are associated with embryo genetic activation, and increased the transcriptional expression of the pluripotency genes SOX2, NANOG and OCT4 in cloned blastocysts. Furthermore, the histone acetylation levels of H3K9, H4K8 and H4K12 in cloned embryos were decreased after BIX-01294 treatment. However, co-treatment of activated NT oocytes with BIX-01294 and Scriptaid rescued donor nuclear chromatin from decreased histone acetylation of H4K8 that resulted from exposure to BIX-01294 only and consequently improved the preimplantation development of SCNT embryos (blastocyst formation rates of 23.7% vs 21.5%). These results indicated that treatment with BIX-01294 enhanced the developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos through improvements in epigenetic reprogramming and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hongyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Guosong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xianlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ailing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qiantao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chunwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
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Jung SK, Kim HJ, Kim CL, Lee JH, You JY, Lee ES, Lim JM, Yun SJ, Song JY, Cha SH. Enhancing effects of serum-rich and cytokine-supplemented culture conditions on developing blastocysts and deriving porcine parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells. J Vet Sci 2014; 15:519-28. [PMID: 24962410 PMCID: PMC4269594 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2014.15.4.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to develop an effective method for establishment of porcine parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (ppESCs) from parthenogenetically activated oocyte-derived blastocysts. The addition of 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) to the medium on the 3rd day of oocyte culturing improved the development of blastocysts, attachment of inner cell masses (ICMs) onto feeder cells, and formation of primitive ppESC colonies. ICM attachment was further enhanced by basic fibroblast growth factor, stem cell factor, and leukemia inhibitory factor. From these attached ICMs, seven ppESC lines were established. ppESC pluripotency was verified by strong enzymatic alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of pluripotent markers OCT3/4, Nanog, and SSEA4. Moreover, the ppESCs were induced to form an embryoid body and teratoma. Differentiation into three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) was confirmed by the expression of specific markers for the layers and histological analysis. In conclusion, data from the present study suggested that our modified culture conditions using FBS and cytokines are highly useful for improving the generation of pluripotent ppESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyung Jung
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-757, Korea
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Generating porcine chimeras using inner cell mass cells and parthenogenetic preimplantation embryos. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61900. [PMID: 23626746 PMCID: PMC3633951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The development and validation of stem cell therapies using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be optimized through translational research using pigs as large animal models, because pigs have the closest characteristics to humans among non-primate animals. As the recent investigations have been heading for establishment of the human iPS cells with naïve type characteristics, it is an indispensable challenge to develop naïve type porcine iPS cells. The pluripotency of the porcine iPS cells can be evaluated using their abilities to form chimeras. Here, we describe a simple aggregation method using parthenogenetic host embryos that offers a reliable and effective means of determining the chimera formation ability of pluripotent porcine cells. Methodology/Significant Principal Findings In this study, we show that a high yield of chimeric blastocysts can be achieved by aggregating the inner cell mass (ICM) from porcine blastocysts with parthenogenetic porcine embryos. ICMs cultured with morulae or 4–8 cell-stage parthenogenetic embryos derived from in vitro-matured (IVM) oocytes can aggregate to form chimeric blastocysts that can develop into chimeric fetuses after transfer. The rate of production of chimeric blastocysts after aggregation with host morulae (20/24, 83.3%) was similar to that after the injection of ICMs into morulae (24/29, 82.8%). We also found that 4–8 cell-stage embryos could be used; chimeric blastocysts were produced with a similar efficiency (17/26, 65.4%). After transfer into recipients, these blastocysts yielded chimeric fetuses at frequencies of 36.0% and 13.6%, respectively. Conclusion/Significance Our findings indicate that the aggregation method using parthenogenetic morulae or 4–8 cell-stage embryos offers a highly reproducible approach for producing chimeric fetuses from porcine pluripotent cells. This method provides a practical and highly accurate system for evaluating pluripotency of undifferentiated cells, such as iPS cells, based on their ability to form chimeras.
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