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Mizumura K, Taguchi T. Neurochemical mechanism of muscular pain: Insight from the study on delayed onset muscle soreness. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:4. [PMID: 38267849 PMCID: PMC10809664 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We reviewed fundamental studies on muscular pain, encompassing the characteristics of primary afferent fibers and neurons, spinal and thalamic projections, several muscular pain models, and possible neurochemical mechanisms of muscle pain. Most parts of this review were based on data obtained from animal experiments, and some researches on humans were also introduced. We focused on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) induced by lengthening contractions (LC), suitable for studying myofascial pain syndromes. The muscular mechanical withdrawal threshold (MMWT) decreased 1-3 days after LC in rats. Changing the speed and range of stretching showed that muscle injury seldom occurred, except in extreme conditions, and that DOMS occurred in parameters without muscle damage. The B2 bradykinin receptor-nerve growth factor (NGF) route and COX-2-glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) route were involved in the development of DOMS. The interactions between these routes occurred at two levels. A repeated-bout effect was observed in MMWT and NGF upregulation, and this study showed that adaptation possibly occurred before B2 bradykinin receptor activation. We have also briefly discussed the prevention and treatment of DOMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Mizumura
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences (IHMMS), Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
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Wakatsuki K, Kiryu-Seo S, Yasui M, Yokota H, Kida H, Konishi H, Kiyama H. Repeated cold stress, an animal model for fibromyalgia, elicits proprioceptor-induced chronic pain with microglial activation in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:25. [PMID: 38238800 PMCID: PMC10795366 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic pain, fatigue, and other somatic symptoms. We have recently revealed that proprioceptor hyperactivation induces chronic pain in a rat model of myalgic encephalomyelitis. The present study explores whether similar proprioceptor-induced pain is elicited in a mouse model of fibromyalgia. METHODS Repeated cold stress (RCS) was used as a fibromyalgia model. Pain behavior was examined using the von Frey test, and neuronal activation was examined immunohistochemically as activating transcription factor (ATF)3 expression. The Atf3:BAC transgenic mouse, in which mitochondria in hyperactivated neurons are specifically labeled by green fluorescent protein, was used to trace the activated neuronal circuit. PLX3397 (pexidartinib) was used for microglial suppression. RESULTS RCS elicited long-lasting pain in mice. ATF3, a marker of cellular hyperactivity and injury, was expressed in the lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) 2 days after RCS initiation; the majority of ATF3-expressing DRG neurons were tropomyosin receptor kinase C- and/or vesicular glutamate transporter 1-positive proprioceptors. Microglial activation and increased numbers of microglia were observed in the medial part of the nucleus proprius 5 days after RCS initiation, and in the dorsal region of the ventral horn 7 days after RCS. In the ventral horn, only a subset of motor neurons was positive for ATF3; these neurons were surrounded by activated microglia. A retrograde tracer study revealed that ATF3-positive motor neurons projected to the intrinsic muscles of the foot (IMF). Using Atf3:BAC transgenic mice, we traced hyperactivated neuronal circuits along the reflex arc. Green fluorescent protein labeling was observed in proprioceptive DRG neurons and their processes originating from the IMF, as well as in motor neurons projecting to the IMF. Microglial activation was observed along this reflex arc, and PLX3397-induced microglial ablation significantly suppressed pain behavior. CONCLUSION Proprioceptor hyperactivation leads to local microglial activation along the reflex arc; this prolonged microglial activation may be responsible for chronic pain in the present model. Proprioceptor-induced microglial activation might be the common cause of chronic pain in both the fibromyalgia and myalgic encephalomyelitis models, although the experimental models are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Wakatsuki
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Sumiko Kiryu-Seo
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Masaya Yasui
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Judo Seifuku and Health Sciences, Tokoha University, 1230 Miyakoda-Cho, Kita-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-2102, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-0073, Japan
| | - Haruku Kida
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konishi
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyama
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
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Koeda T, Mavropalias G, Mizumura K, Katanosaka K, Nosaka K. Changes in nerve growth factor in vastus lateralis muscle after the first versus second bout of one-leg eccentric cycling. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14497. [PMID: 37724768 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) develops after performing unaccustomed eccentric exercises. Animal studies have shown that DOMS is mechanical hyperalgesia through nociceptor sensitization induced by nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) upregulated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). However, no previous study has investigated these in relation to DOMS in humans. This study compared the first and second bouts of one-leg eccentric cycling (ECC) for changes in NGF, GDNF, and COX-2 mRNA in the vastus lateralis (VL). Seven healthy adults (18-40 years) performed two bouts of ECC (10 sets of 50 contractions) with 80% maximal voluntary concentric peak torque separated by 2 weeks (ECC1, ECC2). Muscle soreness that was assessed by a visual analog scale and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque of the knee extensors were measured before, immediately after (MVC only), 24 and 48 h post-exercise. Muscle biopsy was taken from the VL before the first bout from nonexercised leg (control) and 24 h after each bout from the exercised leg, and analyzed for NGF, GDNF, and COX-2 mRNA. Peak DOMS was more than two times greater and MVC torque at 48 h post-exercise was approximately 20% smaller after ECC1 than ECC2 (p < 0.05), suggesting the repeated bout effect. NGF mRNA level was higher (p < 0.05) post-ECC1 (0.79 ± 0.68 arbitrary unit) than control (0.06 ± 0.07) and post-ECC2 (0.08 ± 0.10). GDNF and COX-2 mRNA did not show significant differences between control, post-ECC1, and post-ECC2. These results suggest that an increase in NGF is associated with the development of DOMS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Koeda
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagoya Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Georgios Mavropalias
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kazue Mizumura
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimiaki Katanosaka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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Kudsi SQ, Viero FT, Pereira LG, Trevisan G. Involvement of the Transient Receptor Channels in Preclinical Models of Musculoskeletal Pain. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:72-87. [PMID: 37694792 PMCID: PMC10716882 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230908094159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal pain is a condition that affects bones, muscles, and tendons and is present in various diseases and/or clinical conditions. This type of pain represents a growing problem with enormous socioeconomic impacts, highlighting the importance of developing treatments tailored to the patient's needs. TRP is a large family of non-selective cation channels involved in pain perception. Vanilloid (TRPV1 and TRPV4), ankyrin (TRPA1), and melastatin (TRPM8) are involved in physiological functions, including nociception, mediation of neuropeptide release, heat/cold sensing, and mechanical sensation. OBJECTIVE In this context, we provide an updated view of the most studied preclinical models of muscle hyperalgesia and the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) in these models. METHODS This review describes preclinical models of muscle hyperalgesia induced by intramuscular administration of algogenic substances and/or induction of muscle damage by physical exercise in the masseter, gastrocnemius, and tibial muscles. RESULTS The participation of TRPV1, TRPA1, and TRPV4 in different models of musculoskeletal pain was evaluated using pharmacological and genetic tools. All the studies detected the antinociceptive effect of respective antagonists or reduced nociception in knockout mice. CONCLUSION Hence, TRPV1, TRPV4, and TRPA1 blockers could potentially be utilized in the future for inducing analgesia in muscle hypersensitivity pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Qader Kudsi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tibolla Viero
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil
| | - Leonardo Gomes Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil
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Murase S, Kobayashi K, Nasu T, Kihara C, Taguchi T, Mizumura K. Reply from Shiori Murase, Kimiko Kobayashi, Teruaki Nasu, Chiaki Kihara, Toru Taguchi and Kazue Mizumura. J Physiol 2021; 599:4227-4229. [PMID: 34258768 DOI: 10.1113/jp281903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Murase
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life Sciences, Chubu University, Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Teruaki Nasu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life Sciences, Chubu University, Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kihara
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life Sciences, Chubu University, Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.,Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Kazue Mizumura
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life Sciences, Chubu University, Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
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6
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Murase S, Kobayashi K, Nasu T, Kihara C, Taguchi T, Mizumura K. Synergistic interaction of nerve growth factor and glial cell‐line derived neurotrophic factor in muscular mechanical hyperalgesia in rats. J Physiol 2021; 599:1783-1798. [DOI: 10.1113/jp280683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Murase
- Department of Physical Therapy College of Life Sciences Chubu University Kasugai 487–8501 Japan
- Department of Neuroscience II Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Nagoya University Nagoya 464–8601 Japan
| | - Kimiko Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya 663–8501 Japan
| | - Teruaki Nasu
- Department of Physical Therapy College of Life Sciences Chubu University Kasugai 487–8501 Japan
- Department of Neuroscience II Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Nagoya University Nagoya 464–8601 Japan
| | - Chiaki Kihara
- Department of Physical Therapy College of Life Sciences Chubu University Kasugai 487–8501 Japan
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of Neuroscience II Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Nagoya University Nagoya 464–8601 Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy Faculty of Rehabilitation Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata 950–3198 Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata 950–3198 Japan
| | - Kazue Mizumura
- Department of Physical Therapy College of Life Sciences Chubu University Kasugai 487–8501 Japan
- Department of Neuroscience II Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Nagoya University Nagoya 464–8601 Japan
- Department of Physiology Nihon University School of Dentistry Tokyo 101–8310 Japan
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Peripheral nociceptive mechanisms in an experimental rat model of fibromyalgia induced by repeated cold stress. Neurosci Res 2019; 162:22-30. [PMID: 31891739 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a debilitating disease characterized by generalized and persistent musculoskeletal pain. Although central mechanisms are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of FM, the involvement of peripheral mechanisms is poorly understood. To understand the peripheral nociceptive mechanisms, we examined muscular nociceptors in an FM model, which was made by exposing rats to repeated cold stress (RCS). A single muscle C-fiber nociceptors were identified through the teased fiber technique using ex vivo muscle-nerve preparations. Response properties of C-fibers to noxious stimuli were systematically analyzed. Messenger RNA expression of neurotrophic factors and inflammatory mediators were also studied in the muscle. In the RCS group, the mechanical response threshold of C-fibers, measured using a ramp mechanical stimulus, was significantly decreased, and the response magnitude was significantly increased in the RCS group when compared with the SHAM group, where the environmental temperature was not altered. The general characteristics of C-fibers and the responsiveness to noxious cold and heat stimuli were similar between the two groups. Messenger RNAs of neurotrophic factors and inflammatory mediators were not changed in the muscle during and after RCS. These results suggest that augmentation of the mechanical response of muscle C-fiber nociceptors contributes to hyperalgesia in the RCS model.
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A dual role for peripheral GDNF signaling in nociception and cardiovascular reflexes in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:698-707. [PMID: 31848242 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910905116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Group III/IV muscle afferents transduce nociceptive signals and modulate exercise pressor reflexes (EPRs). However, the mechanisms governing afferent responsiveness to dually modulate these processes are not well characterized. We and others have shown that ischemic injury can induce both nociception-related behaviors and exacerbated EPRs in the same mice. This correlated with primary muscle afferent sensitization and increased expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in injured muscle and increased expression of GDNF family receptor α1 (GFRα1) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Here, we report that increased GDNF/GFRα1 signaling to sensory neurons from ischemia/reperfusion-affected muscle directly modulated nociceptive-like behaviors and increased exercise-mediated reflexes and group III/IV muscle afferent sensitization. This appeared to have taken effect through increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding (CREB)/CREB binding protein-mediated expression of the purinergic receptor P2X5 in the DRGs. Muscle GDNF signaling to neurons may, therefore, play an important dual role in nociception and sympathetic reflexes and could provide a therapeutic target for treating complications from ischemic injuries.
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Matsubara T, Hayashi K, Wakatsuki K, Abe M, Ozaki N, Yamanaka A, Mizumura K, Taguchi T. Thin-fibre receptors expressing acid-sensing ion channel 3 contribute to muscular mechanical hypersensitivity after exercise. Eur J Pain 2019; 23:1801-1813. [PMID: 31314951 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is characterized by mechanical hyperalgesia after lengthening contractions (LC). It is relatively common and causes disturbance for many people who require continuous exercise, yet its molecular and peripheral neural mechanisms are poorly understood. METHODS We examined whether muscular myelinated Aδ-fibres, in addition to unmyelinated C-fibres, are involved in LC-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, and whether acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC)-3 expressed in thin-fibre afferents contributes to this type of pain using a rat model of DOMS. The peripheral contribution of ASIC3 was investigated using single-fibre electrophysiological recordings in extensor digitorum longus muscle-peroneal nerve preparations in vitro. RESULTS Behavioural tests demonstrated a significant decrease of the muscular mechanical withdrawal threshold following LC to ankle extensor muscles, and it was improved by intramuscular injection of APETx2 (2.2 μM), a selective blocker of ASIC3. The lower concentration of APETx2 (0.22 µM) and its vehicle had no effect on the threshold. Intramuscular injection of APETx2 (2.2 μM) in naïve rats without LC did not affect the withdrawal threshold. In the ankle extensor muscles that underwent LC one day before the electrophysiological recordings, the mechanical response of Aδ- and C-fibres was significantly facilitated (i.e. decreased response threshold and increased magnitude of the response). The facilitated mechanical response of the Aδ- and C-fibres was significantly suppressed by selective blockade of ASIC3 with APETx2, but not by its vehicle. CONCLUSIONS These results clearly indicate that ASIC3 contributes to the augmented mechanical response of muscle thin-fibre receptors in delayed onset muscular mechanical hypersensitivity after LC. SIGNIFICANCE Here, we show that not only C- but also Aδ-fibre nociceptors in the muscle are involved in mechanical hypersensitivity after lengthening contractions, and that acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC)-3 expressed in the thin-fibre nociceptors is responsible for the mechanical hypersensitivity. ASIC3 might be a novel pharmacological target for pain after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Matsubara
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Functional Anatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Koei Hayashi
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Koji Wakatsuki
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Medical Information Department, Vitacain Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ozaki
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazue Mizumura
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
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10
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GDNF, Neurturin, and Artemin Activate and Sensitize Bone Afferent Neurons and Contribute to Inflammatory Bone Pain. J Neurosci 2018; 38:4899-4911. [PMID: 29712778 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0421-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain associated with skeletal pathology or disease is a significant clinical problem, but the mechanisms that generate and/or maintain it remain poorly understood. In this study, we explored roles for GDNF, neurturin, and artemin signaling in bone pain using male Sprague Dawley rats. We have shown that inflammatory bone pain involves activation and sensitization of peptidergic, NGF-sensitive neurons via artemin/GDNF family receptor α-3 (GFRα3) signaling pathways, and that sequestering artemin might be useful to prevent inflammatory bone pain derived from activation of NGF-sensitive bone afferent neurons. In addition, we have shown that inflammatory bone pain also involves activation and sensitization of nonpeptidergic neurons via GDNF/GFRα1 and neurturin/GFRα2 signaling pathways, and that sequestration of neurturin, but not GDNF, might be useful to treat inflammatory bone pain derived from activation of nonpeptidergic bone afferent neurons. Our findings suggest that GDNF family ligand signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of bone pain and could be targets for pharmacological manipulations to treat it.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Pain associated with skeletal pathology, including bone cancer, bone marrow edema syndromes, osteomyelitis, osteoarthritis, and fractures causes a major burden (both in terms of quality of life and cost) on individuals and health care systems worldwide. We have shown the first evidence of a role for GDNF, neurturin, and artemin in the activation and sensitization of bone afferent neurons, and that sequestering these ligands reduces pain behavior in a model of inflammatory bone pain. Thus, GDNF family ligand signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of bone pain and could be targets for pharmacological manipulations to treat it.
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11
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Queme LF, Ross JL, Jankowski MP. Peripheral Mechanisms of Ischemic Myalgia. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:419. [PMID: 29311839 PMCID: PMC5743676 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal pain due to ischemia is present in a variety of clinical conditions including peripheral vascular disease (PVD), sickle cell disease (SCD), complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), and even fibromyalgia (FM). The clinical features associated with deep tissue ischemia are unique because although the subjective description of pain is common to other forms of myalgia, patients with ischemic muscle pain often respond poorly to conventional analgesic therapies. Moreover, these patients also display increased cardiovascular responses to muscle contraction, which often leads to exercise intolerance or exacerbation of underlying cardiovascular conditions. This suggests that the mechanisms of myalgia development and the role of altered cardiovascular function under conditions of ischemia may be distinct compared to other injuries/diseases of the muscles. It is widely accepted that group III and IV muscle afferents play an important role in the development of pain due to ischemia. These same muscle afferents also form the sensory component of the exercise pressor reflex (EPR), which is the increase in heart rate and blood pressure (BP) experienced after muscle contraction. Studies suggest that afferent sensitization after ischemia depends on interactions between purinergic (P2X and P2Y) receptors, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, and acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) in individual populations of peripheral sensory neurons. Specific alterations in primary afferent function through these receptor mechanisms correlate with increased pain related behaviors and altered EPRs. Recent evidence suggests that factors within the muscles during ischemic conditions including upregulation of growth factors and cytokines, and microvascular changes may be linked to the overexpression of these different receptor molecules in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) that in turn modulate pain and sympathetic reflexes. In this review article, we will discuss the peripheral mechanisms involved in the development of ischemic myalgia and the role that primary sensory neurons play in EPR modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Queme
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jessica L Ross
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael P Jankowski
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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12
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Fujiwara M, Iwata M, Inoue T, Aizawa Y, Yoshito N, Hayashi K, Suzuki S. Decreased grip strength, muscle pain, and atrophy occur in rats following long-term exposure to excessive repetitive motion. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1737-1749. [PMID: 29123982 PMCID: PMC5666401 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) are caused by the overuse of muscles in the workplace. Performing repetitive tasks is a primary risk factor for the development of WMSD. Many workers in highly repetitive jobs exhibit muscle pain and decline in handgrip strength, yet the mechanisms underlying these dysfunctions are poorly understood. In our study, rats performed voluntary repetitive reaching and grasping tasks (Task group), while Control group rats did not perform these activities. In the Task group, grip strength and forearm flexor withdrawal threshold declined significantly from week 2 to week 6, compared with these values at week 0 (P < 0.05). Relative muscle weight and muscle fiber cross‐sectional area of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscles decreased significantly in the Task group, compared with the Control group, at 6 weeks (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Nerve growth factor, glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor, and tumor necrosis factor α‐expression in FDS muscles were not significantly different in Control and Task groups at 3 and 6 weeks. At 6 weeks, the Task group had elevated MuRF1 protein levels (P = 0.065) and significant overexpression of the autophagy‐related (Atg) proteins, Beclin1 and Atg5–Atg12, compared with in the Control group (both P < 0.05). These data suggested that long‐term exposure to excessive repetitive motion causes loss of grip strength, muscle pain, and skeletal muscle atrophy. Furthermore, this exposure may enhance protein degradation through both the ubiquitin‐proteasome and autophagy‐lysosome systems, thereby decreasing skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Fujiwara
- Program in Physical and Occupational Therapy Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Kamiiida Rehabilitation Hospital Nagoya Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwata
- Program in Physical and Occupational Therapy Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Faculty of Health Sciences Nihon Fukushi University Handa Aichi Japan
| | - Takayuki Inoue
- Department of Rehabilitation Nagoya University Hospital Japan
| | - Yosuke Aizawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital Nagoya Japan
| | - Natsumi Yoshito
- Department of Rehabilitation Nagoya City University Hospital Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hayashi
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center Aichi Medical University Nagakute Aichi Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Suzuki
- Program in Physical and Occupational Therapy Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Japan
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Ota H, Katanosaka K, Murase S, Furuyashiki T, Narumiya S, Mizumura K. EP2 receptor plays pivotal roles in generating mechanical hyperalgesia after lengthening contractions. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:826-833. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ota
- Department of Neuroscience II; Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan
- Department of Judo Therapy; Faculty of Medical Technology; Teikyo University; Utsunomiya Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy; College of Life and Health Sciences; Chubu University; Kasugai Japan
| | - K. Katanosaka
- Department of Neuroscience II; Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Life and Health Sciences; Chubu University; Kasugai Japan
| | - S. Murase
- Department of Neuroscience II; Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy; College of Life and Health Sciences; Chubu University; Kasugai Japan
| | - T. Furuyashiki
- Department of Pharmacology; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - S. Narumiya
- Department of Pharmacology; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - K. Mizumura
- Department of Neuroscience II; Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy; College of Life and Health Sciences; Chubu University; Kasugai Japan
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14
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Hayashi K, Katanosaka K, Abe M, Yamanaka A, Nosaka K, Mizumura K, Taguchi T. Muscular mechanical hyperalgesia after lengthening contractions in rats depends on stretch velocity and range of motion. Eur J Pain 2016; 21:125-139. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Hayashi
- Department of Neuroscience II; Research Institute of Environmental Medicine; Nagoya University; Japan
| | - K. Katanosaka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Life and Health Sciences; Chubu University; Kasugai Japan
| | - M. Abe
- Medical Information Department; Vitacain Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Osaka Japan
| | - A. Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience II; Research Institute of Environmental Medicine; Nagoya University; Japan
| | - K. Nosaka
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research; School of Medical and Health Sciences; Edith Cowan University; Joondalup WA Australia
| | - K. Mizumura
- Department of Physical Therapy; College of Life and Health Sciences; Chubu University; Kasugai Japan
| | - T. Taguchi
- Department of Neuroscience II; Research Institute of Environmental Medicine; Nagoya University; Japan
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15
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Mizumura K, Taguchi T. Delayed onset muscle soreness: Involvement of neurotrophic factors. J Physiol Sci 2016; 66:43-52. [PMID: 26467448 PMCID: PMC10716961 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is quite a common consequence of unaccustomed strenuous exercise, especially exercise containing eccentric contraction (lengthening contraction, LC). Its typical sign is mechanical hyperalgesia (tenderness and movement related pain). Its cause has been commonly believed to be micro-damage of the muscle and subsequent inflammation. Here we present a brief historical overview of the damage-inflammation theory followed by a discussion of our new findings. Different from previous observations, we have observed mechanical hyperalgesia in rats 1-3 days after LC without any apparent microscopic damage of the muscle or signs of inflammation. With our model we have found that two pathways are involved in inducing mechanical hyperalgesia after LC: activation of the B2 bradykinin receptor-nerve growth factor (NGF) pathway and activation of the COX-2-glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) pathway. These neurotrophic factors were produced by muscle fibers and/or satellite cells. This means that muscle fiber damage is not essential, although it is sufficient, for induction of DOMS, instead, NGF and GDNF produced by muscle fibers/satellite cells play crucial roles in DOMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Mizumura
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501 Japan
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
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Merighi A. Targeting the glial-derived neurotrophic factor and related molecules for controlling normal and pathologic pain. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:193-208. [PMID: 26863504 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1085972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its family of ligands (GFLs) have several functions in the nervous system. As a survival factor for dopaminergic neurons, GDNF was used in clinical trials for Parkinson's disease. GFLs and their receptors are also potential targets for new pain-controlling drugs. Although molecules with analgesic activities in rodents mostly failed to be effective in translational studies, this potential should not be underestimated. AREAS COVERED The circuitry, molecular, and cellular mechanisms by which GFLs control nociception and their intervention in inflammatory and neuropathic pain are considered first. The problems related to effective GDNF delivery to the brain and the possibility to target the GFL receptor complex rather than its ligands are then discussed, also considering the use of non-peptidyl agonists. EXPERT OPINION In nociceptive pathways, an ideal drug should either: i) target the release of endogenous GFLs from large dense-cored vesicles (LGVs) by acting, for example, onto the phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P] pool, which is sensitive to Ca(2+) modulation, or ii) target the GFL receptor complex. Besides XIB403, a tiol molecule that enhances GFRα family receptor signaling, existing drugs such as retinoic acid and amitriptyline should be considered for effective targeting of GDNF, at least in neuropathic pain. The approach of pain modeling in experimental animals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Merighi
- a University of Turin, Department of Veterinary Sciences , Grugliasco, TO, Italy ;
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17
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Borghi SM, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Zarpelon AC, Cunha TM, Alves-Filho JC, Ferreira SH, Cunha FQ, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Interleukin-10 limits intense acute swimming-induced muscle mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:531-44. [PMID: 25711612 DOI: 10.1113/ep085026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? This study investigated the role of the endogenous anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in intense acute swimming-induced muscle mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. What is the main finding and its importance? Endogenous interleukin-10 has a key role in limiting exercise-induced muscle pain in a model presenting similarities to delayed-onset muscle soreness in mice. Interleukin-10 reduced muscle pain by diminishing leucocyte recruitment, hyperalgesic cytokine production, oxidative stress and myocyte damage. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an antihyperalgesic cytokine. In this study, IL-10-deficient (IL-10(-/-) ) mice were used to investigate the role of endogenous IL-10 in intense acute swimming-induced muscle mechanical hyperalgesia, which presents similarities with delayed-onset muscle soreness. An intense acute swimming session of 1 or 2 h induced significant muscle mechanical hyperalgesia in a time-dependent manner in wild-type mice compared with the sham group 24 h after the session, which was further increased in IL-10(-/-) mice (P ˂ 0.05). Intraperitoneal treatment of wild-type mice with IL-10 (1-10 ng) reduced muscle mechanical hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner and reversed the enhanced muscle hyperalgesia in IL-10(-/-) mice (P ˂ 0.05). The 2 h swimming session induced increases in tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and IL-10 production in the soleus muscle. However, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β production in the soleus muscle were even higher in IL-10(-/-) mice between 2 and 6 h after the stimulus (P ˂ 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the levels of the antihyperalgesic cytokines interleukin-4, interleukin-5, interleukin-13 and transforming growth factor-β between wild-type and IL-10(-/-) mice (P ˃ 0.05). Interleukin-10 deficiency also resulted in increased myeloperoxidase activity, greater depletion of reduced glutathione levels, increased superoxide anion production and the maintenance of high plasma concentrations of creatine kinase (until 24 h after the swimming session) in soleus muscle (P ˂ 0.05). These results demonstrate that endogenous IL-10 controls intense acute swimming-induced muscle mechanical hyperalgesia by limiting oxidative stress and cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio M Borghi
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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