The Importance of Both Similarities and Differences in Multicultural Counseling: Reaction to C. H. Patterson

Rogers’s Person-Centered Approach: Consideration for Use in Multicultural Counseling

To provide competent counseling services to an increasingly diverse clientele, attention must be given to the applicability of the dominant theoretical orientations. Rogers’s person-centered approach is widely used, but the appropriateness of its diverse applications should not be assumed. This article considers the applicability of Rogers’s person-centered approach in multicultural counseling contexts.

Western Models of Counseling and Psychotherapy within Turkey

This article examines the current usage of Western counseling and psychotherapeutic models with a special emphasis on the local realities of Turkish culture. It explores the applicability of the Western counseling models and reviews the current status of the application of the Western models along with the related practices in Turkish clinical and nonclinical settings. The role of the Turkish counselor within the cultural context is stressed. Implications for the multicultural counselors are discussed, and some recommendations for a culturally relevant model are proposed.

Individualism and Collectivism: A Framework for Examining Career Programs through a Cultural Lens

Cultural diversity and the cultural context of adolescent career development are explored through the lens of the cultural syndromes of individualism and collectivism. The individualist cultural value orientation of some of the main theoretical perspectives that underpin career education and counselling practice in schools is highlighted. In particular; the self-concept and career maturity segments of Super's (1990) lifespan, lifespace theory, career interests, career decision making and the career counselling process are examined with reference to the cultural syndromes of individualism and collectivism. Also discussed is the potential inappropriateness of theoretical perspectives that reflect an individualist cultural value orientation for the career development of all students. Finally, Leong and Serafica's (2001) cultural accommodation approach to enhancing the cultural relevance of existing career theories and models is outlined. Some examples of strategies are presented that might fill cultural gaps, which may exist in career education and counselling practices in schools.