Clinical supervision in a mental health in-patient area

This longitudinal study aimed to identify those factors which hindered or enabled a system of clinical supervision to become established and maintained in a mental health in-patient area. It also aimed to examine the characteristics influencing the effectiveness of such a system. Results show that a committed, enthusiastic clinical manager is the key: when the physical environment and psychological atmosphere are conducive, irrefutable benefits are evident. The evidence suggests that the increased knowledge that results from the practice of clinical supervision would result in positive consequences at all levels of the organisation. Those factors which hindered supervision mainly related to practicalities, time management issues, and levels of support. Recommendations are related to the need for a comprehensive continuing training programme for all levels of nursing staff and the importance of strategic planning.

Components of supervisors' ratings of therapists' skillfulness

A questionnaire was developed to assess the skillfulness of therapists from the perspective of the supervisor. This supervisor report yielded two scores: one for psychotherapeutic techniques and one for the educational alliance. These scores had high internal consistency and were relatively independent of one another. Ratings of proficiency in psychotherapeutic techniques accounted for 54% of the variance in supervisors' rating? of global skillfulness; educational alliance contributed an additional 12%. Compared with other supervisors, those who espoused self psychology based more of their appraisal of skill fulness on the trainee's use of the supervisory relationship.