Attitude of Chinese orthodontists towards the relationship between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders

Exploring Jordanian children and parents' awareness, behavior, and perception of pediatric oral health

BACKGROUND

To evaluate children's and parents' practice and attitude toward oral hygiene and their knowledge about oral hygiene.

METHODS

This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted on randomly selected children who were seen in the Pediatric dentistry clinic in different Royal Medical Services hospitals. A modified questionnaire was used to gather information from the child or parents to gather the child's demographic data and evaluate the children's and parents' practice and attitude toward oral hygiene, their knowledge about oral hygiene, information about the parent and family, and oral examination, the questionnaire questions' reliability and validity were assessed by test-retest and Cronbach's Alpha test.

RESULTS

Three hundred seventy four patients were included, and the average age was 5.06 ± 3.58 SD years. Children's and parents' practice toward oral hygiene was inadequate where the majority (83.3%) brush their teeth occasionally, change their toothbrushes infrequently, apply toothpaste inappropriately, and less than half (47.2%) clean their tongue after teeth brushing. A significant number (73%) of candidates were aware that oral health has a significant role in their general health and can prevent dental problems. Participants agreed that maintaining a healthy mouth is an individual responsibility. The majority of participants came from large family size (the average family members 6.1 ± 1.7 SD) who live below the poverty line.

CONCLUSION

Our study demonstrated that awareness of oral health status in children below the age of 12 was poor. Although their oral knowledge was good their attitude and behavior were inadequate. These findings urge the need for expanded, well-organized, preventive educational programs that include school's syllabus, house visits, and hospitals for parents and children alike.

Associations among Orthodontic History, Psychological Status, and Temporomandibular-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study

OBJECTIVES

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the associations among orthodontic history, psychological status, and temporomandibular-related quality of life.

METHODS

A questionnaire was developed and distributed to students in a local college, containing questions about demographic information, the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), the Fonseca anamnestic index, and the Oral Health Impact Profile for Temporomandibular Disorders (OHIP-TMD). The respondents were divided into with orthodontic history (OS) group and without OS group. Binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression were performed for statistical analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 531 valid questionnaires were collected, covering 161 participants with OS and 370 participants without OS. No statistically significant differences were observed in the scores of PHQ-4 between the two groups. There was statistical difference in the prevalence of TMD (with OS group, 54.66%; without OS group, 40.81%) and the mean value ( ± standard deviations) of the scores of OHIP-TMD (with OS group, 9.64 ± 12.36; without OS group, 6.64 ± 10.79) (p < 0.05). After adjusting confounding factors, participants with OS have worse temporomandibular-related quality of life and a higher risk of having TMD than the participants without OS.

CONCLUSIONS

Orthodontic history was related with the higher prevalence of TMD and worse temporomandibular-related quality of life, but not related with psychological distress, and the cause-and-effect relationship needs further exploration.

Prevalence and severity of gingivitis in school students aged 6-11 years in Tafelah Governorate, South Jordan: results of the survey executed by National Woman's Health Care Center

Background

A cross-sectional census was conducted on 994 public school students aged 6-11 years living in 3 different parts of Tafeleh Governorate—South of Jordan, to determine the prevalence, and severity of gingivitis and to evaluate the oral hygiene habits among them as a part a survey executed by National Woman’s Health Care Center. All students were examined for gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI), information about oral hygiene habits was recorded.

Results

Only 29.8 % had healthy gingiva, 38.5 % had mild gingivitis, 31.4 % had moderate gingivitis, and 0.3 % had severe gingivitis. The difference between both genders was not statistically significant P > 0.05. 36.8 % of the examined students never brushed their teeth. Average gingival index (GI) and average plaque index (PI) were 0.77 and 0.61 respectively.

Conclusions

Fair oral hygiene with mild to moderate gingivitis is highly prevalent among Tafelah school children. This study indicated that oral health status among schoolchildren in Tafelah is poor and needs to be improved. Long-term school based oral health education programme is highly recommended.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1532-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Temporomandibular disorders: A position paper of the International College of Cranio-Mandibular Orthopedics (ICCMO)

PURPOSE

Two principal schools of thought regarding the etiology and optimal treatment of temporomandibular disorders exist; one physical/functional, the other biopsychosocial. This position paper establishes the scientific basis for the physical/functional. THE ICCMO POSITION: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) comprise a group of musculoskeletal disorders, affecting alterations in the structure and/or function of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), masticatory muscles, dentition and supporting structures. The initial TMD diagnosis is based on history, clinical examination and imaging, if indicated. Diagnosis is greatly enhanced with physiologic measurement devices, providing objective measurements of the functional status of the masticatory system: TMJs, muscles and dental occlusion. The American Alliance of TMD organizations represent thousands of clinicians involved in the treatment of TMD. The ten basic principles of the Alliance include the following statement: Dental occlusion may have a significant role in TMD; as a cause, precipitant and/or perpetuating factor. Therefore, it can be stated that the overwhelming majority of dentists treating TMD believe dental occlusion plays a major role in predisposition, precipitation and perpetuation. While our membership believes that occlusal treatments most frequently resolve TMD, it is recognized that TMD can be multi faceted and may exist with co-morbid physical or emotional factors that may require therapy by appropriate providers. The International College of Cranio-Mandibular Orthopedics (ICCMO), composed of academic and clinical dentists, believes that TMD has a primary physical/functional basis. Initial conservative and reversible TMD treatment employing a therapeutic neuromuscular orthosis that incorporates relaxed, healthy masticatory muscle function and a stable occlusion is most often successful. This is accomplished using objective measurement technologies and ultra low frequency transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation (TENS).

CONCLUSION

Extensive literature substantiates the scientific validity of the physical/functional basis of TMD, efficacy of measurement devices and TENS and their use as aids in diagnosis and in establishing a therapeutic neuromuscular dental occlusion.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

A scientifically valid basis for TMD diagnosis and treatment is presented aiding in therapy.

Ortodontia como fator de risco para disfunções temporomandibulares: uma revisão sistemática

INTRODUÇÃO: nos últimos anos, a inter-relação entre a Ortodontia e as disfunções temporomandibulares (DTMs) tem despertado interesse crescente na classe odontológica, sendo tema de discussões e controvérsias. Em um passado recente, a oclusão era considerada como principal fator etiológico das DTMs, sendo o tratamento ortodôntico uma medida terapêutica primária para um restabelecimento fisiológico do sistema estomatognático. Assim, passou-se a investigar o papel da Ortodontia na prevenção, desencadeamento e tratamento das DTMs. Com a realização de estudos científicos com metodologias mais rigorosas e precisas, a relação entre o tratamento ortodôntico e as DTMs pôde ser avaliada e questionada dentro de um contexto baseado em evidências científicas. OBJETIVO: o presente trabalho, através de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, teve como objetivo analisar a inter-relação entre a Ortodontia e as DTMs, verificando se o tratamento ortodôntico é fator contribuinte para o desenvolvimento de DTM. MÉTODOS: foi realizado um levantamento em bases de pesquisa (Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Lilacs e BBO) entre os anos de 1966 e 2009, com enfoque em estudos clínicos randomizados, estudos longitudinais prospectivos não randomizados, revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises. RESULTADOS: após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, chegou-se a 18 artigos, sendo que 12 eram estudos longitudinais prospectivos não randomizados, 4 revisões sistemáticas, 1 estudo clínico randomizado e uma meta-análise, os quais avaliaram a relação entre tratamento ortodôntico e DTM. CONCLUSÕES: pela análise da literatura, conclui-se que o tratamento ortodôntico não pode ser considerado fator contribuinte para o desenvolvimento de disfunções temporomandibulares.

Dental plaque, caries prevalence and gingival conditions of 14–15-year-old schoolchildren in Jerash District, Jordan

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate oral hygiene, gingival condition and dental caries prevalence in 14-15-year-old school children in Jerash District, Northern Jordan. Twenty schools (10 male and 10 female schools) with 1362 children of eighth and ninth grades were randomly selected and incorporated in this study. All participants had dental examinations for oral hygiene, gingival condition and dental caries experience using the Silness and Löe Plaque Index (PI), Löe and Silness Gingival Index (GI), and decayed (D), missing (M) and filled (F) teeth (DMFT) and surface (DMFS) codes respectively. The results showed that males had significant lower plaque but significantly higher gingival scores than females (P < 0.001). About 24% of children were caries-free. The proportions of children with one, two or three decayed teeth were between 10% and 18%. Slight non-significant variations between males and females were observed in regard to DMFT/S and their components (P < 0.05). It is concluded that significant gender variations were noted in PI and GI scores but not in DMFT/S or their components. However, the values of these clinical scores were lower than those results previously reported in northern Jordan.