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Fujino M, Watanabe K, Yamakawa Y. The Personal Trait of Spiritual Growth Is Correlated With the White Matter Integrity of the Brain. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:890160. [PMID: 35634199 PMCID: PMC9133783 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.890160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the relationship between the entire brain structure and individual differences is important in extending healthy life expectancy, which can be affected by brain atrophy. The entire brain structure has been gradually known to be correlated not only with age but also with individual differences, such as quality of life, general intelligence, and lifestyle. However, little attention has been paid to the relationship between the entire brain structure and personal traits. We herein focused on one personal trait, namely spiritual growth, and examined its relationship with the entire brain structure using two neuroimaging-derived measures, namely the gray matter Brain Healthcare Quotient (GM-BHQ), a measure of GM volume, and the fractional anisotropy Brain Healthcare Quotient (FA-BHQ), a measure of white matter (WM) integrity, in 229 healthy participants (53 female, 176 male). The results indicated no significant relationship between the GM-BHQ and spiritual growth, but there was a significant positive correlation between the FA-BHQ and spiritual growth after controlling for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) with partial correlation analysis. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the FA-BHQ and spiritual growth after controlling for physical characteristics, such as age, sex, and BMI, as well as other variables related to lifestyle that were collected using the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile. These results support the idea that there is a relationship between the entire WM brain structure and spiritual growth. Further studies are required to clarify the causal relationship between the entire WM brain structure and spiritual growth with some interventions to improve spiritual growth. Such studies will help extend healthy life expectancy from a new perspective of personal trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fujino
- Open Innovation Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masahiro Fujino,
| | - Keita Watanabe
- Open Innovation Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamakawa
- Open Innovation Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Academic and Industrial Innovation, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
- ImPACT Program of Council for Science, Technology, and Innovation (Cabinet Office, Government of Japan), Tokyo, Japan
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Tan MM, Reidpath DD, Ting RSK, Allotey P, Su TT. Religiousness and Quality of Life Among Older Adults of Different Ethnic Groups in Malaysia: A Five-Year Follow-up Study. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:1548-1563. [PMID: 34324099 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that religion is associated with a better quality of life (QoL). This study aims to examine ethnic differences in the association between religion and the QoL of older adults in a predominantly Muslim population within a multicultural setting. Two-wave data of 3,810 participants consisting of mostly Muslims and older adults aged ≥ 55 years were collected as part of the community health surveys conducted in 2013 and 2018 in the South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO). Both cross-sectional analyses of baseline data and prospective analyses of longitudinal data were conducted. The associations between religiosity and quality of life were mainly positive in the cross-sectional analysis. In the two-wave analysis, religious importance was negatively associated with QoL among the Malays (B = - 1.103, SE B = 0.029, p < .001) and the Chinese (B = - 0.160, SE B = 0.043, p < .001), and a belief in a higher power control was associated with better QoL among the Malays (B = 0.051, SE B = 0.022, p < .005) and poorer QoL domains among the Indians (physical health: B = - 5.412, SE B = 1.382, p < .001; psychological: B = - 3.325, SE B = 1.42, p < .001; social relationship: B = - 5.548, SE B = 1.616, p < .001; environment: B = - 2.586, SE B = 1.288; p < .05). Our study's mixed results suggest that religiosity is positively associated with quality of life in cross-sectional analyses. However, in longitudinal analyses, the results are different. Conclusions with regard to causality based on cross-sectional analyses may be misleading. Health promotion programs should continue to examine the effect of religiousness on health outcomes over time among aging populations across different ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Min Tan
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Daniel D Reidpath
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rachel Sing-Kiat Ting
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pascale Allotey
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- United Nations University International Institute for Global Health (UNU-IIGH), UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tin Tin Su
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Porter KE, Brennan-Ing M, Burr JA, Dugan E, Karpiak SE. HIV Stigma and Older Men's Psychological Well-Being: Do Coping Resources Differ for Gay/Bisexual and Straight Men? J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 74:685-693. [PMID: 28977625 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether sexual orientation moderated the mediation effects of coping resources (i.e., spirituality and complementary and integrative health [CIH] use) in the relationship between HIV stigma and psychological well-being (PWB) among older men with HIV (MWH). METHOD Data from the Research of Older Adults with HIV (ROAH) study was used (N = 640, Age 50+). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine a coping resource mediation model. We used a multiple-group procedure to test moderation effects by sexual orientation. RESULTS HIV stigma was negatively associated with spirituality and PWB. HIV stigma accounted for a significant amount of variance in PWB, with significant indirect effects via spirituality, indicating a partial mediation. Chi-square difference tests supported the hypothesis that this mediation effect was moderated by sexual orientation. CIH use was not statistically significant. DISCUSSION HIV stigma's negative relationship with PWB was salient in both groups. Spirituality's buffer between HIV stigma and PWB was stronger in older gay/bisexual MWH compared to their heterosexual counterparts. With respect to HIV stigma, older gay/bisexual MWH exhibited a "crisis competence" in coping with stigma, perhaps through overcoming past homophobia related to their sexual minority status (i.e., homophobia).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Brennan-Ing
- Center on HIV & Aging, ACRIA, New York.,New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing
| | - Jeffrey A Burr
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts, Boston
| | - Elizabeth Dugan
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts, Boston
| | - Stephen E Karpiak
- Center on HIV & Aging, ACRIA, New York.,New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing
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McGlasson TD, Rubel DJ. My Soul to Take: A Phenomenology of the Struggle for an Authentic Gay Spirituality. COUNSELING AND VALUES 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-007x.2015.00058.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terencio Daunte McGlasson
- Department of Educational Leadership; University of Wisconsin-Superior
- Now at Department of Counseling and Special Education; Central Michigan University
| | - Deborah J. Rubel
- Department of Teacher and Counselor Education; Oregon State University
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Baumsteiger R, Chenneville T, McGuire JF. The Roles of Religiosity and Spirituality in Moral Reasoning. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2013.782814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Garfield CF, Isacco A, Sahker E. Religion and Spirituality as Important Components of Men’s Health and Wellness. Am J Lifestyle Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827612444530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Men’s health has been receiving increased attention in health care research and practice because of associated negative outcomes and men’s reluctance to seek help. Religion or religiosity, defined as involvement in an organized, structured community focused on moral code, and spirituality, defined as the subjective, mystical, and holistic interpretation of personal beliefs and behaviors, have been associated with positive health outcomes. Specifically, religion and spirituality mediate an increase in positive health outcomes and a decrease in risk factors through social and existential well-being. However, men seem to be less religious and spiritual compared with women, a potential problem as men may be missing an important pathway to health and wellness. This state-of-the-art review examines the intersections of religion, spirituality, and health and focuses on how religion and spirituality relate specifically to men’s health and health behaviors. Subsequently, 4 health problems with religious and spiritual implications are examined that have been identified in the literature as pertinent to men’s health: (a) prostate cancer screening and coping, (b) HIV/AIDS prevention and coping, (c) addictions, and (d) palliative care. Finally, suggestions are offered for clinicians to incorporate an understanding of religion and spirituality into their patient encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig F. Garfield
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (CFG)
- Counseling Psychology Program, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (AI, ES)
| | - Anthony Isacco
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (CFG)
- Counseling Psychology Program, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (AI, ES)
| | - Ethan Sahker
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (CFG)
- Counseling Psychology Program, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (AI, ES)
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Purnell JQ, Andersen BL, Wilmot JP. Religious Practice and Spirituality in the Psychological Adjustment of Survivors of Breast Cancer. COUNSELING AND VALUES 2011; 53:165. [PMID: 20098664 DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-007x.2009.tb00123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Religion and spirituality are resources regularly used by patients with cancer coping with diagnosis and treatment, yet there is little research that examines these factors separately. This study investigated the relationships between religious practice and spirituality and quality of life (QoL) and stress in survivors of breast cancer. The sample included 130 women assessed 2 years following diagnosis. Using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, the authors found that spiritual well-being was significantly associated with QoL and traumatic stress, whereas religious practice was not significantly associated with these variables. The results suggest that it may be helpful for clinicians to address spirituality, in particular with survivors of breast cancer.
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Cuevas JE, Vance DE, Viamonte SM, Lee SK, South JL. A Comparison of Spirituality and Religiousness in Older and Younger Adults With and Without HIV. JOURNAL OF SPIRITUALITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/19349637.2010.518828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Trevino KM, Pargament KI, Cotton S, Leonard AC, Hahn J, Caprini-Faigin CA, Tsevat J. Religious coping and physiological, psychological, social, and spiritual outcomes in patients with HIV/AIDS: cross-sectional and longitudinal findings. AIDS Behav 2010; 14:379-89. [PMID: 18064557 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-007-9332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the relationships between positive religious coping (e.g., seeking spiritual support) and spiritual struggle (e.g., anger at God) versus viral load, CD4 count, quality of life, HIV symptoms, depression, self-esteem, social support, and spiritual well-being in 429 patients with HIV/AIDS. Data were collected through patient interview and chart review at baseline and 12-18 months later from four clinical sites. At baseline, positive religious coping was associated with positive outcomes while spiritual struggle was associated with negative outcomes. In addition, high levels of positive religious coping and low levels of spiritual struggle were associated with small but significant improvements over time. These results have implications for assessing religious coping and designing interventions targeting spiritual struggle in patients with HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Trevino
- Psychology Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA.
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Wiggins MI, Uphold CR, Shehan CL, Reid KJ. The Longitudinal Effects of Spirituality on Stress, Depression, and Risk Behaviors Among Men with HIV Infection Attending Three Clinics in the Southeastern United States. JOURNAL OF SPIRITUALITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/19349630802081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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