1
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Imler MH, Weyman JR. Evaluation of a latency-based competing stimulus assessment. J Appl Behav Anal 2024. [PMID: 39048915 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A competing stimulus assessment is used to identify stimuli that are associated with a low level of challenging behavior and a high level of engagement. These stimuli are often used as a treatment component for challenging behavior that is maintained by automatic reinforcement. One limitation of implementing competing stimulus assessments is that they may be time consuming. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of a latency-based competing stimulus assessment. During the asssessment, a therapist presented potential competing stimuli to the participants and contingent on the first occurrence of challenging behavior, the trial was terminated. The results of a brief treatment evaluation indicated that stimuli that were associated with the longest latency to challenging behavior were more effective in competing with challenging behavior relative to stimuli that were associated with shorter latencies. However, procedural modifications were necessary for one participant. The use of latency-based measures improved the efficiency of conducting a competing stimulus assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison H Imler
- Department of Special Education, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer R Weyman
- Department of Special Education and Counseling, California State University-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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2
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Boyle MA, Hoffmann AN, Horn J, Badger S, Gaskill LA. Approaches for Treating Multiply Controlled Problem Behavior. Behav Anal Pract 2024; 17:53-69. [PMID: 38405283 PMCID: PMC10891003 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-023-00858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A portion of problem behavior is maintained by multiple reinforcement contingencies. Treating multiply controlled problem behavior may be more complex than treating problem behavior maintained by a single contingency. Several approaches for addressing multiply controlled problem behavior have been described in the literature. The purpose of this review is to provide practitioners with an overview of function-based approaches for addressing multiply controlled problem behavior. In particular, we present guidelines for functional analysis and treatment. We also describe strengths and limitations of published treatment approaches and discuss strategies for mitigating these limitations. Finally, we describe areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Boyle
- Upstate Caring Partners, 125 Business Park, Utica, NY 13502 USA
| | | | - Jon Horn
- Upstate Caring Partners, 125 Business Park, Utica, NY 13502 USA
| | - Sean Badger
- Upstate Caring Partners, 125 Business Park, Utica, NY 13502 USA
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3
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Moore TR, Lee S, Freeman R, Mahmoundi M, Dimian A, Riegelman A, Simacek JJ. A Meta-Analysis of Treatment for Self-Injurious Behavior in Children and Adolescents With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Behav Modif 2024; 48:216-256. [PMID: 38197303 DOI: 10.1177/01454455231218742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Self-injurious behavior (SIB) among children and youth with developmental disabilities has not diminished in prevalence despite the availability of effective interventions, and the impact on quality of life for people and their families is devastating. The current meta-analysis reviews SIB intervention research between 2011 and 2021 using single-case experimental designs with children and youth up to 21 years old and provides a quantitative synthesis of data from high-quality studies including moderator analyses to determine effects of participant and study characteristics on intervention outcomes. Encouraging findings include a high level of effectiveness across studies in the decrease of SIB (Tau-U = -0.90) and increase of positive behavior (Tau-U = 0.73), as well as an increase in studies (relative to prior reviews) reporting intervention fidelity, generalization, maintenance, and social validity. However, our findings shed limited light on potential moderating variables in the development of interventions for children and youth who exhibit SIB. Of the potential moderators of intervention effects, only implementer (researcher/therapist vs. parent/caregiver) and setting (clinic vs. home) were significantly associated with improved outcomes. We discuss the need for more robust involvement of natural communities of implementers in SIB intervention research to better equip them to effectively and sustainably meet the needs of people they care for. We also discuss the importance of creating systems enabling broad access for children with SIB to effective interventions in service of reducing burden for people, families, and society over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Moore
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Seunghee Lee
- Institute on Community Integration, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Rachel Freeman
- Institute on Community Integration, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Maryam Mahmoundi
- Institute on Community Integration, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Adele Dimian
- Institute on Community Integration, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Amy Riegelman
- Social Sciences Libraries, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Jessica J Simacek
- Institute on Community Integration, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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4
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Morris SL, Lucia SM. Applying the evolutionary theory of behavior dynamics to model the subtypes of automatically reinforced self-injurious behavior. J Appl Behav Anal 2023; 56:442-457. [PMID: 36922699 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The delineation of the subtypes of automatically reinforced self-injurious behavior improved the utility of functional analysis results in predicting treatment efficacy. However, the mechanisms underlying subtype differences remain unclear and difficult to study in clinical populations. Morris and McDowell (2021) attempted to elucidate subtype differences by developing and evaluating models of the subtypes within the evolutionary theory of behavior dynamics. In the current study, we applied techniques from precision medicine to further evaluate the models developed by Morris and McDowell. This evaluation highlighted shortcomings of the existing models and suggested ways they could be improved. Thus, we conducted more extended modeling within the framework of precision medicine to identify models that were more quantitatively similar to available clinical data. Improved models that more closely approximate clinical data were identified. The implications of these models for research, practice, and further applications of the evolutionary theory of behavior dynamics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Morris
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sarah M Lucia
- Department of Psychology, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, United States
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5
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Staubitz JL, Staubitz JE, Pollack MS, Haws RA, Hopton M. Effects of an enhanced choice model of skill‐based treatment for students with emotional/behavioral disorders. J Appl Behav Anal 2022; 55:1306-1341. [DOI: 10.1002/jaba.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Lambert JM, Copeland BA, Paranczak JL, Macdonald MJ, Torelli JN, Houchins-Juarez NJ. Description and evaluation of a function-informed and mechanisms-based framework for treating challenging behavior. J Appl Behav Anal 2022; 55:1193-1219. [PMID: 35762194 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Individualization and iterative design are essential components of the assessment and treatment of challenging behavior. Currently, there are few validated frameworks for engaging in iterative processes. Due to the nature of single-case design, empirically rigorous evaluations of decision-tree processes are particularly prohibitive. Notwithstanding, evaluations are needed. In this paper we first describe a function-informed and mechanisms-based (FIMB) framework for selecting treatment components employed by a university-based practicum experience designed to expose pre-service practitioners to a valid treatment process for challenging behavior. Then, we share a completed retrospective consecutive case series across a 6-year period in which we conducted a technique analysis to identify which procedures were most commonly selected in the practicum, and the impact of those choices on client outcomes. The results suggest that the model can be highly effective for some, but not all, cases. Implications are discussed.
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7
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Tereshko L, Weiss MJ, Harper J, Ross RK. Impact of a Training Package to Improve the Effectiveness of Descriptive Assessment Data. Behav Anal Pract 2022; 16:232-250. [PMID: 37006417 PMCID: PMC10050291 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-022-00717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the maintaining contingencies of problem behavior can lead to effective treatment that reduces the occurrence of problem behavior and increases the potential for the occurrence of alternative behaviors. Many studies use descriptive assessments, but results vary in effectiveness and validity. Comparative research further supports the superior utility of analog functional analyses over descriptive assessments, but clinicians continue to report the consistent use of descriptive assessments in practice. Direct training on the recording of descriptive assessments as well as the process for interpreting the results are limited. The absence of research-based guidance leaves clinicians to interpret the results as they see fit rather than following best practice guidelines for this critical activity. This study examined the potential impact of direct training on several components of descriptive assessment: the recording of narrative antecedent-behavior-consequence data, interpretation of the data, and the selection of a function-based treatment. Implications for training and practice are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jill Harper
- Endicott College, Beverly, MA USA
- Melmark New England, Andover, MA USA
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8
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Virues‐Ortega J, Clayton K, Pérez‐Bustamante A, Gaerlan BFS, Fahmie TA. Functional analysis patterns of automatic reinforcement: A review and component analysis of treatment effects. J Appl Behav Anal 2022; 55:481-512. [DOI: 10.1002/jaba.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Virues‐Ortega
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
- The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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9
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Wunderlich KL, Hemstreet R, Best L. A retrospective analysis of stereotypy: Applicability of the behavioral subtyping model. J Appl Behav Anal 2022; 55:529-546. [PMID: 34990020 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent research on automatically reinforced self-injurious behavior (ASIB) has identified specific patterns of responding in functional analyses that correlate with intervention efficacy (Hagopian et al., 2015; Hagopian et al., 2017). Whereas research by Hagopian et al. (2015, 2017) points to an important development in the assessment and treatment of ASIB, it is unclear if the applicability extends to automatically reinforced noninjurious behaviors, including stereotypy. Therefore, the current study replicated the methods of Hagopian et al. (2017), extending this research to published cases of stereotypy and related behavior. The behavioral subtype for each case was identified, and where applicable, the subtype was compared to intervention outcome data. The categorization of data sets as either Subtype 1 or Subtype 2 did not correspond with specific treatment outcomes. Unlike the results of Hagopian et al. (2015, 2017), reinforcement-based interventions were not more likely to be effective for Subtype 1 stereotypy than for Subtype 2 stereotypy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lauren Best
- Department of Communication Sciences and Special Education, University of Georgia
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10
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Morris SL, McDowell JJ. Modeling Subtypes of Automatically Reinforced Self-Injurious Behavior with the Evolutionary Theory of Behavior Dynamics. Perspect Behav Sci 2021; 44:581-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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11
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Schmidt JD, Goetzel AL, Rooker G, Falligant JM, Beard L. Clinical applications of a brief experimental analysis for problem behavior: Analysis of treatment effects and durability. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Schmidt
- Department of Behavioral Psychology Kennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore Maryland USA
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Amanda L. Goetzel
- Department of Behavioral Psychology Kennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Griffin Rooker
- Department of Behavioral Psychology Kennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore Maryland USA
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - John Michael Falligant
- Department of Behavioral Psychology Kennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore Maryland USA
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Lisa Beard
- Department of Behavioral Psychology Kennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore Maryland USA
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12
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Cox DJ. Descriptive and normative ethical behavior appear to be functionally distinct. J Appl Behav Anal 2020; 54:168-191. [DOI: 10.1002/jaba.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Cox
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine USA
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13
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Hartz RM, Luiselli JK, Harper JM. Behavioral treatment of spitting in a child with autism spectrum disorder: Functional analysis, intervention evaluation, and maintenance assessment. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renee M. Hartz
- Professional Development Melmark New England Andover Massachusetts USA
| | - James K. Luiselli
- Professional Development Melmark New England Andover Massachusetts USA
| | - Jill M. Harper
- Professional Development Melmark New England Andover Massachusetts USA
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14
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Wunderlich KL, Vollmer TR, Mehrkam LR, Feuerbacher EN, Slocum SK, Kronfli FR, Pizarro E. The stability of function of automatically reinforced vocal stereotypy over time. J Appl Behav Anal 2019; 53:678-689. [PMID: 31378941 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although prior research has suggested the function of socially reinforced problem behavior can change across time, the stability of the function of automatically reinforced behavior is largely unknown. Further, some authors have suggested automatically reinforced behavior is likely to enter into socially mediated contingencies. The present study compared 2 functional analyses conducted on the same target behavior at least 1 year apart. Participants were 6 individuals diagnosed with an intellectual or developmental disability displaying automatically reinforced vocal stereotypy. Results indicated the function of each participant's vocal stereotypy remained stable over time (i.e., no new functions were acquired); however, future research on functional stability for automatically reinforced behavior of other topographies is needed.
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15
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Robinson ES, Desrochers M, Napolitano DA. Concurrent operant preference assessment to identify social consequences to decrease task latency for adolescents with dual diagnosis. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Robinson
- Department of Psychology; The College at Brockport State University of New York; Rochester New York
- Crestwood Children's Center; Hillside Family of Agencies Rochester; New York
| | - Marcie Desrochers
- Department of Psychology; The College at Brockport State University of New York; Rochester New York
| | - Deborah A. Napolitano
- Department of Education; Daemen College; Buffalo New York
- Developmental Disabilities Services; Hillside Family of Agencies Rochester New York
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16
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Rooker GW, Bonner AC, Dillon CM, Zarcone JR. Behavioral treatment of automatically reinforced SIB: 1982 - 2015. J Appl Behav Anal 2018; 51:974-997. [PMID: 29989153 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Some individuals diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities engage in automatically reinforced self-injurious behavior (SIB). For these individuals, identifying effective treatments may be difficult due to the nature of the reinforcement contingency. The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the treatment of automatically reinforced SIB to determine commonalities in procedures that produced effective and ineffective treatment outcomes, as well as historical trends in the treatment of this class of SIB. Results of this review indicated that there were many high-quality studies on this topic, but also a wide range in the quality of studies. As for effective treatments, noncontingent reinforcement (the most common treatment component) was found to be more effective when informed by a competing stimulus assessment rather than a preference assessment. Suggestions to improve the quality of the published record and areas in which additional research is needed are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin W Rooker
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.,The Kennedy Krieger Institute
| | | | | | - Jennifer R Zarcone
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.,The Kennedy Krieger Institute
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17
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Rispoli M, Brodhead M, Wolfe K, Gregori E. Trial-Based Functional Analysis Informs Treatment for Vocal Scripting. Behav Modif 2017; 42:441-465. [PMID: 29188725 DOI: 10.1177/0145445517742882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research on trial-based functional analysis has primarily focused on socially maintained challenging behaviors. However, procedural modifications may be necessary to clarify ambiguous assessment results. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the utility of iterative modifications to trial-based functional analysis on the identification of putative reinforcement and subsequent treatment for vocal scripting. For all participants, modifications to the trial-based functional analysis identified a primary function of automatic reinforcement. The structure of the trial-based format led to identification of social attention as an abolishing operation for vocal scripting. A noncontingent attention treatment was evaluated using withdrawal designs for each participant. This noncontingent attention treatment resulted in near zero levels of vocal scripting for all participants. Implications for research and practice are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katie Wolfe
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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18
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Erturk B, Machalicek W, Drew C. Self-Injurious Behavior in Children With Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review of Behavioral Intervention Literature. Behav Modif 2017; 42:498-542. [PMID: 29179569 DOI: 10.1177/0145445517741474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed single-case research studies examining the effects of behavioral interventions for self-injurious behavior (SIB) in young children with autism and developmental disabilities. Systematic searches of electronic databases, journals, and reference lists identified 46 studies (66 participants younger than the age of 12) meeting inclusion criteria. Studies were examined based on (a) participant demographics, (b) topography and function of SIB, (c) type of functional behavior assessment (FBA), (d) intervention procedures and outcomes, and (e) experimental design and measurement. Intervention strategies were categorized as antecedent manipulations, teaching behavior, consequence-based procedures, and/or extinction procedures. Positive outcomes were reported for 78% of participants in the reviewed studies and 88% of the participants were diagnosed with autism. Results suggest the effectiveness of behavioral interventions to decrease SIB for young children with disabilities; however, the frequent use of packaged interventions without component analysis limits the conclusiveness of any treatment recommendation. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
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