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Newman K, Arnoldi J, Michael A. A National Survey Exploring Practices and Perceptions of Sharing Experiential Evaluations With Future Preceptors. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2024; 88:100596. [PMID: 37778701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to understand pharmacy programs' policies and processes of sharing Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) assessment information among preceptors and to determine the types of grading scales currently being used nationally. METHODS A 14-question survey was utilized to collect information on Experiential Education policies and practices regarding APPE evaluations and assessment data sharing. The survey was administered electronically to Experiential Education Administrators at accredited schools of pharmacy nationally and gathered information on approach to APPE assessment, information sharing with future preceptors and open-ended responses on how struggling student learners are supported. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative responses, while qualitative open-ended comments were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 95 responses were included in the analysis (67.9% response rate). The majority of programs (83.2%) reported not sharing student performance assessments with future preceptors. Themes that emerged from the analysis of open-ended comments included concerns about bias and privacy violations, and the benefits of sharing evaluations for preceptor preparation and longitudinal student growth. The grading approach varied, with 53.7% of programs using traditional tiered letter grades and 45.3% using a pass/fail grading system. CONCLUSION Most pharmacy programs do not share APPE assessment information with future preceptors due to concerns about bias and protecting student privacy. However, programs may be looking for alternative processes that address the need to facilitate student growth and to support struggling learners. Examples shared may provide stimulus and insight for Experiential Education Offices to engage in programmatic discussions about the approach to assessment sharing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Newman
- Southern Illinois University Edwardsville School of Pharmacy, Edwardsville, IL, USA.
| | - Jennifer Arnoldi
- Southern Illinois University Edwardsville School of Pharmacy, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - Arielle Michael
- Southern Illinois University Edwardsville School of Pharmacy, Edwardsville, IL, USA
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2
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Murry LT, Murry JS, Witry MJ, Pick A. Perspectives of Professionalism, Self-Awareness, Leadership, and Innovation and Entrepreneurship From Experiential Education Preceptors. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2023; 87:100106. [PMID: 37597904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify the perceived importance of and comfort with the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education Standard 4 (ACPE-S4) key elements, (2) describe how preceptors promote and assess key elements, and (3) describe preceptor perceptions of student key element skill demonstration. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional electronic survey to assess experiential education preceptors' perceptions of ACPE-S4 key elements. The survey consisted of 2 item categories, with 5 and 15 items included to collect information on preceptor demographics and ACPE-S4 key elements, respectively. Surveys were distributed to 451 introductory and advanced rotation preceptors. Frequencies and means were reported for quantitative survey items, open-ended survey responses were analyzed using a general interpretivist approach. RESULTS In total, 242 surveys were completed for a response rate of 54%. Most respondents identified as female (54.5%) and precepted community pharmacy rotations (28.5%). ACPE-S4 key elements, in order of most to least important, were professionalism, self-awareness, leadership, and innovation and entrepreneurship. Respondents varied in their conceptualization of key elements, with multiple activities used for skill demonstration and assessments. Qualitative analysis identified 2 themes: "Variation in preceptor fluency with S4 key elements" and "Communication as a means to demonstrate and evaluate ACPE-S4 key element skills." CONCLUSION Variation among preceptors in conceptualization, learning activities, and comfort in assessment for ACPE-S4 key elements highlights the need for support and resources to assist preceptors in developing activities and assessments for skills reflective of ACPE-S4 key elements. Preceptors commonly relied on vulnerable communication with students to assess key element skills, identifying a potential target for assessment and preceptor development. Pharmacy programs, in addition to the Academy, could benefit from using assessments already offered by preceptors. Finally, explicit evaluation criteria may help to guide skill acquisition and facilitate consistent assessment of key element skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan T Murry
- The University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Janice S Murry
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Public Health, Academic Affairs Office of the Dean, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Matthew J Witry
- The University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amy Pick
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, Omaha, NE, USA; The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Office of Experiential Education, Omaha, NE, USA
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Richter LM, Monson E, Bye K, Frenzel JE. Design and Assessment of a Pharmacy Student-Delivered Preceptor Development Program. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2023; 87:ajpe8939. [PMID: 35078766 PMCID: PMC10159611 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To design and assess the use of a pharmacy student-delivered preceptor development program.Methods. A student-delivered preceptor development program was developed to ensure all preceptors received documented preceptor development. A menu of discussion topics and associated teaching sheets were created by the school's office of experiential education. On each rotation, advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) students led discussions with their preceptors on a topic chosen by the preceptor and submitted documentation of the education. Preceptors answered a survey related to the amount of information and time required for the program, their preference for different formats of preceptor development, one important thing they learned through the program, and future development topics of interest. Students were interviewed regarding their perceptions and use of the program.Results. A novel student-delivered preceptor development program resulted in documentation of preceptor development for all APPE rotations. Seventy-nine preceptors (31% response rate) participated in the survey. In their responses, preceptors generally agreed that they were able to customize their development and incorporate what they learned into practice, and that the program had a convenient format and was valuable for preparing students to be future preceptors. Students reported that the program improved their confidence in communicating with a supervisor and prepared them for precepting.Conclusion. A student-delivered preceptor development program improved documented preceptor development. The program allowed preceptors to customize development opportunities in a convenient format. It was perceived positively by preceptors who would recommend the program to other schools of pharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Richter
- North Dakota State University, College of Health Professions, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Elizabeth Monson
- North Dakota State University, College of Health Professions, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Katelyn Bye
- North Dakota State University, College of Health Professions, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Jeanne E Frenzel
- North Dakota State University, College of Health Professions, Fargo, North Dakota
- Editorial Board Member, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
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Determining the Learning Profile of Engineering Projects Students from Their Characteristic Motivational Profile. EDUCATION SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/educsci12040256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Engineering courses usually have a low success rate, and students that take them often consider them difficult and show little motivation towards them. In this context, it is essential to obtain information about the profile of the students so that the teaching can be adapted to their perceived needs and motivations as well to provide support to them. This descriptive-exploratory research study was carried out to determine the learning profile of engineering project students through their motivational profile based on five grouping variables (gender, type of high school of origin, access studies, specialty, repeater). The instrument used was a consolidated motivational assessment questionnaire consisting of items in a series of seven basic scales aligned and grouped together into three motivational dimensions (MAPE-3). As a result, a student profile was observed that was dominated by the dimension of motivation towards the task and characterized by a mixed reflective-practical learning profile based on analytical and predominantly practical individuals.
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Briceland LL, Caimano Tackes C, Veselov M. A structured
self‐reflection
approach to improve reflection quality and assessment of advanced pharmacy practice experience professionalization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie L. Briceland
- Pharmacy Practice Department Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Albany New York USA
| | - Courtney Caimano Tackes
- Pharmacy Practice Department Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Albany New York USA
| | - Megan Veselov
- Pharmacy Practice Department Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Albany New York USA
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Carr‐Lopez SM, Strohecker LA, Miyahara RK, Patel RA, Mai YT, Shek A, Law EJ. Impact of a veterans affairs primary care collaboration to provide remote
team‐based
care and telehealth introductory pharmacy practice experiences. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sian M. Carr‐Lopez
- Primary Care Service VA Northern California Health Care System Mather California USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy Stockton California USA
| | - Lorrie A. Strohecker
- Primary Care Service VA Northern California Health Care System Mather California USA
| | - Randell K. Miyahara
- Primary Care Service VA Northern California Health Care System Mather California USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy Stockton California USA
| | - Rajul A. Patel
- Primary Care Service VA Northern California Health Care System Mather California USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy Stockton California USA
| | - Yvonne T. Mai
- Primary Care Service VA Northern California Health Care System Mather California USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy Stockton California USA
| | - Allen Shek
- Primary Care Service VA Northern California Health Care System Mather California USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy Stockton California USA
| | - Elaine J. Law
- Primary Care Service VA Northern California Health Care System Mather California USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy Stockton California USA
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Briceland LL, Caimano CR, Rosa SW, Veselov M, Jablanski C. Exploring the impact of engaging student pharmacists in developing individualized experiential success plans. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie L. Briceland
- Pharmacy Practice Department Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Albany New York USA
| | - Courtney R. Caimano
- Pharmacy Practice Department Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Albany New York USA
| | - Sandra W. Rosa
- Pharmacy Practice Department Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Colchester Vermont USA
| | - Megan Veselov
- Pharmacy Practice Department Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Albany New York USA
| | - Cindy Jablanski
- Pharmacy Practice Department Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Colchester Vermont USA
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Yacobucci MJ, Lombardi CL, Briceland LL. Exploring practice site contributions and professionalization impact of engaging student pharmacists on hematology-oncology advanced pharmacy practice experience rotations. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2021; 28:109-118. [PMID: 33470177 DOI: 10.1177/1078155220985579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Student pharmacists contribute meaningfully to patient care during Advanced Practice Pharmacy Experiences (APPEs) in varied settings. We aimed to characterize and evaluate the impact of student participation in hematology-oncology (hem-onc) APPEs on the practice site, and on student professionalization. METHODS For students completing hem-onc APPEs during 2016-2019, rotation activities and post-APPE self-reflections describing meaningful impact were reviewed; activities were categorized into direct and indirect patient care, and up to three reflection themes of professionalization impact were extracted from each self-reflection. Hem-onc preceptor cohort was surveyed to assess impact of student contributions on the practice site. RESULTS 171 students completed hem-onc APPEs in ambulatory care (133) and/or inpatient (38) settings. Of 932 student-reported activities, the most common were: evaluating patient pharmacotherapy (209), providing education to medical staff (132), patient counseling [non-chemotherapy (99); chemotherapy (82)], and providing drug information (96); 89% involved direct patient care/education. Survey results from 16 of 33 preceptors identified the most impactful student activities as evaluating pharmacotherapy, medication education/adherence resources, and in-service presentations. Of 392 student self-reflections, themes of impact focused on professionalization/self-awareness (39.3%), counseling/communication skills (27.8%), practice skills development (20.4%) and collaborative teamwork (12.5%). CONCLUSION Pharmacy students make significant direct patient care contributions to hem-onc practice settings by evaluating pharmacotherapy and providing education to patients and healthcare personnel. Participation in hem-onc APPEs is highly influential to the professionalization of students, particularly in developing skills in oncology practice, patient interactions/communications, and developing self-awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Yacobucci
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA.,Albany Medical Center Hospital, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Laurie L Briceland
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA
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Higbea A, Bald E, Isaacs AN, Richter SK, Stamm PL, Kassel LE. Forging ahead from adaptations of teaching during the
COVID
‐19 pandemic: Perspectives from multiple pharmacy programs. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Higbea
- Texas Tech University Health Science Center Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy Dallas Texas USA
| | - Elizabeth Bald
- University of Utah College of Pharmacy Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Alex N. Isaacs
- Purdue University College of Pharmacy West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Sara K. Richter
- University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA
| | | | - Lynn E. Kassel
- Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Des Moines Iowa USA
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Akel ME, Rahal M, Dabbous M, Mourad N, Dimassi A, Sakr F. Experiential Education in Pharmacy Curriculum: The Lebanese International University Model. PHARMACY 2020; 9:pharmacy9010005. [PMID: 33383872 PMCID: PMC7839036 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiential education is an essential component of pharmacy education in order to allow intern students to experience real conditions and training opportunities in different inpatient and outpatient settings. This paper provides a description of the pharmacy practice experiences (PPEs) in the Lebanese International University (LIU) 5-year bachelor of pharmacy (BPharm) and postgraduate doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) programs; focuses on the opportunities and challenges encountered; and presents a model for experiential education in Lebanon. Learning outcomes and thus students’ acquisition of predefined competencies are evaluated in actual practice settings through assessment tools. Our experiential education program aligns with the accreditation/certification criteria set by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) and equips future pharmacists with the knowledge and skills to become major components in the healthcare team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan El Akel
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Lebanese International University, Beirut 961, Lebanon; (M.D.); (N.M.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-1350-0434
| | - Mohamad Rahal
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut 961, Lebanon;
| | - Mariam Dabbous
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Lebanese International University, Beirut 961, Lebanon; (M.D.); (N.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Nisreen Mourad
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Lebanese International University, Beirut 961, Lebanon; (M.D.); (N.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Ahmad Dimassi
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Lebanese International University, Beirut 961, Lebanon; (M.D.); (N.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Fouad Sakr
- PharmD Program, Lebanese International University, Beirut 961, Lebanon;
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