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Piotr A, Konrad J, Hubert B, Krzysztof Ł, Grzegorz R. N-acetylcysteine as a potentially safe adjuvant in the treatment of neurotoxicity due to pirimiphos-methyl poisoning. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 135:164-172. [PMID: 38897728 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Exogenous, well-established antioxidant N-acetylcysteine can reduce or prevent the deleterious effects of pesticides. In this study, utilizing a mouse model of daily single dose of N-acetylcysteine administration, we investigated the impact of this adjuvant on the treatment with atropine and/or obidoxime as well as oxidative stress response in pyrimiphos-methyl-induced toxicity. We found that N-acetylcysteine significantly reduces the oxidative stress generated by pyrimiphos-methyl. The therapy consisting of atropine and/or obidoxime routinely used in organophosphorous insecticide poisonings, including pyrimiphos-methyl, had no effect on the antioxidant properties of N-acetylcysteine. Adjunctive treatment offered by N-acetylcysteine fills therapeutic gap and may provide the full potential against pyrimiphos-methyl-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamczuk Piotr
- Department of Toxicology and Food Safety, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jamka Konrad
- Department of Toxicology and Food Safety, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Bojar Hubert
- Department of Toxicology and Food Safety, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukawski Krzysztof
- Department of Physiopathology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Raszewski Grzegorz
- Department of Toxicology and Food Safety, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
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Cyclic Voltammetry in Biological Samples: A Systematic Review of Methods and Techniques Applicable to Clinical Settings. SIGNALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/signals2010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, but there is no accurate measurement of oxidative stress or antioxidants that has utility in the clinical setting. Cyclic Voltammetry is an electrochemical technique that has been widely used for analyzing redox status in industrial and research settings. It has also recently been applied to assess the antioxidant status of in vivo biological samples. This systematic review identified 38 studies that used cyclic voltammetry to determine the change in antioxidant status in humans and animals. It focusses on the methods for sample preparation, processing and storage, experimental setup and techniques used to identify the antioxidants responsible for the voltammetric peaks. The aim is to provide key information to those intending to use cyclic voltammetry to measure antioxidants in biological samples in a clinical setting.
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Kalász H, Karvaly G, Szimrók F, Szabó D, Milánkovits M, Keglevich A, Adeghate J, Darvas F, Kuca K, Musilek K, Tekes K. Pharmacokinetics of a Mono-pyridinium-mono-aldoxime (K-347), a Potential Antidote in Organophosphate Poisoning. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874104502014010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Our recent work has been treating the pharmacokinetics of pyridinium aldoximes of various structures including their time-dependent distribution in the body of male rats and also the extent of blood-brain-barrier penetration.
Objective:
Our overall aim was to find a proper antidote in organophosphate poisoning with fast elimination.
Methods:
White male Wistar rats were intramuscularly injected with the aqueous solution of 3 µmol of K-347. The animals were sacrificed at different time periods following treatment; various tissues and body fluids were taken and homogenised. The level of K-347 was determined using reversed-phase HPLC. Dose-dependence of tissue level was also determined by using various doses, 3 µmol through 100 µmol of K-347.
Results:
The serum level of K-347 showed a definitely fast decline. K347 did not have any effect on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that we tested.
Conclusion:
The kinetics of K-347 showed an extremely fast offset, even in comparison with several other pyridinium aldoximes in clinical practice and in developmental stages.
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Vanova N, Pejchal J, Herman D, Dlabkova A, Jun D. Oxidative stress in organophosphate poisoning: role of standard antidotal therapy. J Appl Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nela Vanova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - David Herman
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Dlabkova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
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Effect of six oximes on acutely anticholinesterase inhibitor-induced oxidative stress in rat plasma and brain. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:745-757. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zunec S, Kopjar N, Zeljezić D, Kuca K, Musilek K, Lucić Vrdoljak A. In vivo evaluation of cholinesterase activity, oxidative stress markers, cyto- and genotoxicity of K048 oxime–a promising antidote against organophosphate poisoning. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 114:344-51. [PMID: 24741714 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
K048 is a member of K-oximes, a new oxime class that has recently been confirmed effective against poisoning by the nerve agent tabun and several pesticides. The toxicity profile of the K048 oxime has not been fully characterized and its optimal therapeutic dose has not yet been established. Earlier studies report excellent results with K048 in reactivating tabun-phosphorylated AChE and in the therapy of tabun-poisoned mice. It possesses a low acute toxicity and exerts an acceptable toxicity profile on isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Intraperitoneal administration of K048 in rats resulted in an LD50 of 238.3 mg/kg. In this in vivo study, we investigated cholinesterase (ChE) activity and oxidative stress marker levels (lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity) in the plasma of exposed rats after administering the compound at 25% of its LD50. Lymphocyte viability was evaluated using an acridine orange/ethidium bromide in situ fluorescent assay. The levels of primary DNA damage in rat white blood cells were measured using the alkaline comet assay. The compound applied at 25% of its LD50 did not significantly affect ChE activity and lipid peroxidation and did not cause significant changes in the SOD activity in plasma. The cytotoxicity profile of K048 in the tested dose was also acceptable, and it did not possess significant DNA-damaging potential. The obtained results are promising for further evaluations of the K048 oxime, which should include tests on a broader concentration range and longer incubation times.
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Pharmacokinetics of acetylcholinesterase reactivator K203 and consequent evaluation of low molecular weight antioxidants/markers of oxidative stress. J Appl Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/v10136-011-0015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Pohanka M, Sobotka J, Svobodova H, Stetina R. Investigation of oxidative stress in blood, brain, kidney, and liver after oxime antidote HI-6 application in a mouse experimental model. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 34:255-60. [PMID: 21649479 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2010.542753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxime reactivator HI-6 (asoxime, in some sources) is a potent antidote suitable for treatment of intoxication by nerve agents. Despite the fact that HI-6 is considered for practical application in emergency situations, the impact of HI-6 on patients' bodies has not been established yet. The present experiment was carried out in order to estimate whether HI-6 would be able to trigger or protect from oxidative stress in a BALB/c mice model. HI-6 was applied in doses ranging from 0.2 to 20% of LD₅₀. Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione reductase (GR) were assayed in the blood, liver, kidney, and brain of treated animals. It was found that HI-6 does not increase GR or TBARS. On the contrary, TBARS levels in the brain and liver were found to be significantly decreased in HI-6-treated animals. Pertinent antioxidant properties of HI-6 were excluded by the FRAP method. Endogenous antioxidants were unchanged, with the exception of the kidney. Low-molecular-weight antioxidants assayed by the FRAP method were significantly decreased in kidneys of animals treated with HI-6. However, GSH partially recovered the loss of the other low-molecular-weight antioxidants and was significantly increased in the kidney of HI-6-exposed mice. HI-6 potential to produce nephropathy is hypothesized. The achieved conclusions were quite surprising and showed a complex impact of HI-6 on the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Square wave voltammetry on screen printed electrodes: comparison to ferric reducing antioxidant power in plasma from model laboratory animal (Grey Partridge) and comparison to standard antioxidants. J Appl Biomed 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/v10136-009-0032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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10
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Pohanka M, Novotny L, Zdarova-Karasova J, Bandouchova H, Zemek F, Hrabinova M, Misik J, Kuca K, Bajgar J, Zitka O, Cernei N, Kizek R, Pikula J. Asoxime (HI-6) impact on dogs after one and tenfold therapeutic doses: assessment of adverse effects, distribution, and oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 32:75-81. [PMID: 21787733 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Asoxime (HI-6) is a well known oxime reactivator used for counteracting intoxication by nerve agents. It is able to reactivate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited even by sarin or soman. The present experiment was aimed to determine markers of oxidative stress represented by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and antioxidants represented by ferric reducing antioxidant power, reduced and oxidized glutathione in a Beagle dog model. Two groups of dogs were intramuscularly exposed to single (11.4 mg/kg.b.wt.) or tenfold (114 mg/kg.b.wt.) human therapeutically doses of HI-6. HI-6 affinity for AChE in vitro was evaluated in a separate experiment. Complete serum biochemistry and pharmacokinetics were also performed with significant alteration in blood urea nitrogen, creatine phosphokinase, glucose and triglycerides. Blood samples were collected before HI-6 application and after 30, 60, and 120 min. The overall HI-6 impact on organism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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11
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Abstract
Cholinesterase reactivator HI-6 is a drug commonly used to treat individuals exposed to nerve agents. Recent experiments proved HI-6 impact on parasympathetic response and impact on the nervus vagus associated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is hypothesized here. The modulation effect of HI-6 was studied on BALB/c mice infected with Francisella tularensis, the bacteria causing tularemia. Cultivation test in vitro confirmed weak bacteriostatic effects of HI-6. Results in experiments revealed intriguing effect differences resulting from HI-6 administration to mice. While the HI-6 dose of 7 mg per animal (pro toto) had no significant effects on infection progress, lower dose of 8 μg of HI-6 pro toto reduced mice mortality caused by tularemia infection compared to control group of mice infected only with F. tularensis (survival curves were compared by the logrank test, chi square = 4.335, df = 1, P = 0.0373). The effect observed in mice exceeded the effect provided in vitro on bacterial cultures. Though the exact molecular mechanism of HI-6 modulation during infection should be investigated, HI-6 is seems to be suitable as immunomodulans.
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Pohanka M, Karasova JZ, Musilek K, Kuca K, Jung YS, Kassa J. Changes of rat plasma total low molecular weight antioxidant level after tabun exposure and consequent treatment by acetylcholinesterase reactivators. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 26:93-7. [DOI: 10.3109/14756361003733613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zdarova Karasova
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Young-Sik Jung
- Medicinal Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yusong, Taejon, Korea
| | - Jiri Kassa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Holas O, Musilek K, Pohanka M, Kuca K, Opletalova V, Jung YS. In vitro Screening of Oxime Reactivators on the Model of Paraoxon-inhibited Acetylcholinesterase-SAR Study. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.6.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Rejuvenation of antioxidant and cholinergic systems contributes to the effect of procyanidins extracted from the lotus seedpod ameliorating memory impairment in cognitively impaired aged rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2009; 19:851-60. [PMID: 19716273 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The major purpose of this study was to determine the effect of procyanidins extracted from the lotus seedpod (LSPC) on the learning and memory impairments in cognitively impaired aged rats. Based on Morris water maze performance compared with young female rats, aged unimpaired (AU) and aged impaired (AI) rats were chosen from aged female rats. LSPC supplementation (50, 100 mg/kg BW, p.o.) for 7 weeks significantly improved learning and memory impairments in AI animals in the Morris water maze test, as evaluated by shortened escape latency and swimming distance. Aged rats had significantly declined antioxidant defense capacities and significantly increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation levels in hippocampus and cerebral cortex than young rats. Further, AI group had higher protein oxidation level compared with AU group. LSPC (50, 100 mg/kg BW, p.o.) significantly reversed the decline of antioxidant defense capacities and significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation levels in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of AI rats. In addition, LSPC significantly restored acetylcholine (ACh) contents and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of AI animals. The results of this study suggest that LSPC may play a useful role in the treatment of cognitive impairment caused by Alzheimer's disease and aging.
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Pohanka M, Stetina R. Shift of oxidants and antioxidants levels in rats as a reaction to exposure to sulfur mustard. J Appl Toxicol 2009; 29:643-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pohanka M, Novotný L, Misík J, Kuca K, Zdarova-Karasova J, Hrabinova M. Evaluation of cholinesterase activities during in vivo intoxication using an electrochemical sensor strip - correlation with intoxication symptoms. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2009; 9:3627-34. [PMID: 22412329 PMCID: PMC3297120 DOI: 10.3390/s90503627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cholinesterase activity in blood of laboratory rats was monitored. Rats were intoxicated with paraoxon at dosis of 0 - 65 - 125 - 170 - 250 - 500 nmol. The 250 nmol dose was found to be the LD(50). An electrochemical sensor was found useful to provide information about cholinesterase activity. The decrease of cholinesterase activity was correlated to intoxication symptoms and mortality level. It was found that the symptoms of intoxication are not observed while at least 50% of cholinesterase activity in blood remains. The minimal cholinesterase activity essential to survival is around 10%, when compared with the initial state. No changes in levels of low moleculary weight antioxidants were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail: (L.N.)
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail: (J.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Ladislav Novotný
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail: (L.N.)
| | - Jan Misík
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail: (J.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail: (L.N.)
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail: (J.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Jana Zdarova-Karasova
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail: (J.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Martina Hrabinova
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail: (L.N.)
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