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Gajski G, Kašuba V, Milić M, Gerić M, Matković K, Delić L, Nikolić M, Pavičić M, Rozgaj R, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Kopjar N. Exploring cytokinesis block micronucleus assay in Croatia: A journey through the past, present, and future in biomonitoring of the general population. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 895:503749. [PMID: 38575251 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we used the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay to evaluate the background frequency of cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the general population concerning different anthropometric data and lifestyle factors. The background frequency of CBMN assay parameters was analysed in 850 healthy, occupationally non-exposed male and female subjects (average age, 38±11 years) gathered from the general Croatian population from 2000 to 2023. The mean background values for micronuclei (MNi) in the whole population were 5.3±4.3 per 1000 binucleated cells, while the mean frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) was 0.7±1.3 and of nuclear buds (NBUDs) 3.1±3.2. The cut-off value, which corresponds to the 95th percentile of the distribution of 850 individual values, was 14 MNi, 3 NPBs, and 9 NBUDs. Results from our database also showed an association of the tested genomic instability parameters with age and sex but also with other lifestyle factors. These findings underscore the importance of considering several anthropometric and lifestyle factors when conducting biomonitoring studies. Overall, the normal and cut-off values attained here present normal values for the general population that can later serve as baseline values for further human biomonitoring studies either in Croatia or worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vilena Kašuba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Matković
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Delić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Nikolić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Pavičić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ružica Rozgaj
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Nagaraju R, Kalahasthi R, Balachandar R, Bagepally BS. Association between lead exposure and DNA damage (genotoxicity): systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2899-2911. [PMID: 35930012 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that chronic lead (Pb) exposure may induce deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. However, there is no synthesised evidence in this regard. We systematically reviewed existing literature and synthesised evidence on the association between chronic Pb exposure and markers of genotoxicity. Observational studies reporting biomarkers of DNA damage among occupationally Pb-exposed and unexposed controls were systematically searched from PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases from inception to January 2022. The markers included were micronucleus frequency (MN), chromosomal aberrations, comet assay, and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine. During the execution of this review, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Mean differences in the biological markers of DNA damage between Pb-exposed and control groups were pooled using the random-effects model. The heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran-Q test and I2 statistic. The review included forty-five studies comparing markers of DNA damage between Pb-exposed and unexposed. The primary studies utilised buccal and/or peripheral leukocytes for evaluating the DNA damage. The pooled quantitative results revealed significantly higher DNA damage characterised by increased levels of MN and SCE frequency, chromosomal aberrations, and oxidative DNA damage (comet assay and 8-OHdG) among Pb-exposed than the unexposed. However, studies included in the review exhibited high levels of heterogeneity among the studies. Chronic Pb exposure is associated with DNA damage. However, high-quality, multicentred studies are required to strengthen present observations and further understand the Pb's role in inducing DNA damage. CRD42022286810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Nagaraju
- Biochemistry, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravibabu Kalahasthi
- Biochemistry, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rakesh Balachandar
- Division of Health Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Mehrpour O, Modi M, Mansouri B, Azadi NA, Nakhaee S, Amirabadi A, Anaei-Sarab G, Shirazi FM, Weiss ST. Comparison of Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, and Folic Acid Blood Levels in Plumbism Patients and Controls in Eastern Iran. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:9-17. [PMID: 32207029 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood levels of folic acid, vitamin B12, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) in patients with lead poisoning compared with control subjects in Eastern Iran. This analytical case-control study was conducted on 40 lead-poisoned patients who were referred to Imam Reza Hospital in Birjand from 2018 to 2019. Blood samples were collected from an additional 40 individuals without lead poisoning as a control group. The results indicated that the mean vitamin B12, vitamin D, and folic acid levels for the case group were 356.5 ± 200.1 pg/ml, 24.38 ± 9.5 ng/ml, and 7.4 ± 3.7 ng/ml, respectively. Mean folic acid level in the case group was significantly lower than control group (7.4 ng/ml vs. 12.70 pg/ml, P = 0.001), whereas the mean of the vitamin D levels at the case group was significantly higher than that of the control group (24.3 ng/ml vs. 20.1 ng/ml, P = 0.03). Moreover, mean vitamin B12 levels were significantly lower in the case group in comparison with the control group (356.5 pg/ml vs. 500.8 pg/ml) (P < 0.001). In the control group, 3 patients had folic acid below normal level (< 6 ng/mL) while 12 cases had folic acid below normal (P < 0.05). Also, none of the control group had low vitamin B12 concentrations (< 180 pg/ml), while 7 cases had vitamin b12 below normal (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that lead may induce folate and vitamin B12 dysregulation. Although we found that vitamin D levels were insufficient in both case and control groups, they were significantly higher in the case group. The interpretation of this result is unclear given inconsistent literature reports on this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mehrpour
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health & Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Marzieh Modi
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Nemam Ali Azadi
- Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Nakhaee
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Alireza Amirabadi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Anaei-Sarab
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Farshad M Shirazi
- Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Stephanie T Weiss
- Wake Forest School of Medicine Addiction Medicine Program, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Kašuba V, Milić M, Želježić D, Mladinić M, Pizent A, Kljaković-Gašpić Z, Balija M, Jukić I. Biomonitoring findings for occupational lead exposure in battery and ceramic tile workers using biochemical markers, alkaline comet assay, and micronucleus test coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:339-352. [PMID: 33410779 PMCID: PMC7968510 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Manufacture of lead-containing products has long been associated with various health risks. To get an insight into the related genotoxic risks, we conducted a biomonitoring study in 50 exposed workers and 48 matched controls using a battery of endpoints that sensitively detect the extent of genome instability in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The levels of primary DNA damage were estimated with the alkaline comet assay, while cytogenetic abnormalities were determined with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay. Additionally, CBMN slides of 20 exposed and 16 control participants were subjected to fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), coupled with pancentromeric probes to establish the incidence of centromere-positive micronuclei, nuclear buds, and nucleoplasmic bridges. Blood lead levels (B-Pb) were measured with atomic absorption spectrometry. To further characterise cumulative effects of occupational exposure, we measured erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) concentrations and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in blood. We also assessed the influence of serum folate (S-folate) and vitamin B12 (S-B12) on genome stability. Compared to controls, occupationally exposed workers demonstrated significantly higher B-Pb (298.36±162.07 vs 41.58±23.02), MN frequency (18.71±11.06 vs 8.98±7.50), centromere positive MN (C+ MN) (8.15±1.8 vs 3.69±0.47), and centromere negative MN (C- MN) (14.55±1.80 vs 4.56±0.89). Exposed women had significantly higher comet tail intensity (TI) and length (TL) than control women. Furthermore, workers showed a positive correlation between age and nuclear buds and MN, between MN and years of exposure, and between S-B12 levels and TI and ALAD activity, while a negative correlation was found between TI and B-Pb. These findings suggest that occupational settings in the manufacture of lead-containing products pose significant genotoxic risks, which calls for developing more effective work safety programmes, including periodical monitoring of B-Pb and genetic endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilena Kašuba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Želježić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Alica Pizent
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zorana Kljaković-Gašpić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Balija
- Croatian Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Jukić
- Croatian Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Ryu HW, Lee DH, Won HR, Kim KH, Seong YJ, Kwon SH. Influence of toxicologically relevant metals on human epigenetic regulation. Toxicol Res 2015; 31:1-9. [PMID: 25874027 PMCID: PMC4395649 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2015.31.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental toxicants such as toxic metals can alter epigenetic regulatory features such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA expression. Heavy metals influence gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms and by directly binding to various metal response elements in the target gene promoters. Given the role of epigenetic alterations in regulating genes, there is potential for the integration of toxic metal-induced epigenetic alterations as informative factors in the risk assessment process. Here, we focus on recent advances in understanding epigenetic changes, gene expression, and biological effects induced by toxic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Wook Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Won
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Seong
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - So Hee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
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Singh Z, Chadha P, Sharma S. Evaluation of oxidative stress and genotoxicity in battery manufacturing workers occupationally exposed to lead. Toxicol Int 2013; 20:95-100. [PMID: 23833444 PMCID: PMC3702134 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.111550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Battery manufacturing workers are occupationally exposed to lead (Pb), which is a highly toxic heavy metal. The aim of this study was to investigate the blood lead levels (BLL) of 30 battery manufacturing workers and find the correlation between BLL, micronucleated cell (MNC) frequency, binucleated cell (BNC) frequency in buccal mucosal cells and malondialdehyde concentrations in serum. 30 subjects of the BMW group, exposed to lead, and 30 control subjects, matched with the exposed subjects with respect to age, socio-economic status, sex, diet, smoking and drinking habits, were monitored for this study. BLL was found to have highly significant difference between both the groups (P < 0.001). The serum MDA levels were observed at significantly higher levels (6.76 ± 3.26) for the exposed group as compared to the control group (2.10 ± 1.02; P < 0.001). Buccal micronucleus test showed that both MNC and BNC frequencies were higher among the workers, in comparison to the control subjects. A positive correlation has been found between BLL and all the parameters. Our results indicate an increased health associated risk for workers occupationally exposed to lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorawar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar Punjab, India
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