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Firdous F, Ibrahim R, Furqan M, Khan H, Raza H, Singh U, Emwas A, Jaremko M, Chotana GA, Faisal A, Saleem RSZ. Synthesis and Characterization of Griseofulvin Derivatives as Microtubule‐Stabilizing Agents. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Firdous
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Rida Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Department of Life Sciences Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Hina Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Hadeeqa Raza
- Department of Life Sciences Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Upendra Singh
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul‐Hamid Emwas
- KAUST Core Labs King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghayoor Abbas Chotana
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Amir Faisal
- Department of Life Sciences Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
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CRISPR/Cas9 small promoter deletion in H19 lncRNA is associated with altered cell morphology and proliferation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18380. [PMID: 34526543 PMCID: PMC8443613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The imprinted H19 long non-coding RNA, a knowing oncofetal gene, presents a controversial role during the carcinogenesis process since its tumor suppressor or oncogenic activity is not completely elucidated. Since H19 lncRNA is involved in many biological pathways related to tumorigenesis, we sought to develop a non-cancer lineage with CRISPR-Cas9-mediated H19 knockdown (H19-) and observe the changes in a cellular context. To edit the promoter region of H19, two RNA guides were designed, and the murine C2C12 myoblast cells were transfected. H19 deletion was determined by DNA sequencing and gene expression by qPCR. We observed a small deletion (~ 60 bp) in the promoter region that presented four predicted transcription binding sites. The deletion reduced H19 expression (30%) and resulted in increased proliferative activity, altered morphological patterns including cell size and intracellular granularity, without changes in viability. The increased proliferation rate in the H19- cell seems to facilitate chromosomal abnormalities. The H19- myoblast presented characteristics similar to cancer cells, therefore the H19 lncRNA may be an important gene during the initiation of the tumorigenic process. Due to CRISPR/Cas9 permanent edition, the C2C12 H19- knockdown cells allows functional studies of H19 roles in tumorigenesis, prognosis, metastases, as well as drug resistance and targeted therapy.
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Pérez-Villanueva J, Matadamas-Martínez F, Yépez-Mulia L, Pérez-Koldenkova V, Leyte-Lugo M, Rodríguez-Villar K, Cortés-Benítez F, Macías-Jiménez AP, González-Sánchez I, Romero-Velásquez A, Palacios-Espinosa JF, Soria-Arteche O. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Combretastatin A-4 and 2,3-Diphenyl-2 H-indazole Hybrids. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080815. [PMID: 34451912 PMCID: PMC8401203 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death, after cardiovascular diseases. Different strategies have been developed to treat cancer; however, chemotherapy with cytotoxic agents is still the most widely used treatment approach. Nevertheless, drug resistance to available chemotherapeutic agents is still a serious problem, and the development of new active compounds remains a constant need. Taking advantage of the molecular hybridization approach, in the present work we designed, synthesized, and tested the cytotoxic activity of two hybrid compounds and seven derivatives based on the structure of combretastatin A-4 and 2,3-diphenyl-2H-indazole. Practical modifications of reported synthetic protocols for 2-pheny-2H-indazole and 2,3-dipheny-2H-indazole derivatives under microwave irradiation were implemented. The cytotoxicity assays showed that our designed hybrid compounds possess strong activity, especially compound 5, which resulted even better than the reference drug cisplatin against HeLa and SK-LU-1 cells (IC50 of 0.16 and 6.63 µM, respectively), and it had similar potency to the reference drug imatinib against K562 cells. Additionally, in silico and in vitro studies strongly suggest tubulin as the molecular target for hybrid compound 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Pérez-Villanueva
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco (UAM-X), Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico; (F.M.-M.); (F.C.-B.); (A.P.M.-J.); (J.F.P.-E.); (O.S.-A.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.-V.); (L.Y.-M.); Tel.: +52-5-54-83-72-59 (J.P.-V.); Fax: +52-5-55-94-79-29 (J.P.-V.)
| | - Félix Matadamas-Martínez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco (UAM-X), Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico; (F.M.-M.); (F.C.-B.); (A.P.M.-J.); (J.F.P.-E.); (O.S.-A.)
- Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco (UAM-X), Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico
| | - Lilián Yépez-Mulia
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.P.-V.); (L.Y.-M.); Tel.: +52-5-54-83-72-59 (J.P.-V.); Fax: +52-5-55-94-79-29 (J.P.-V.)
| | - Vadim Pérez-Koldenkova
- Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía Avanzada, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Martha Leyte-Lugo
- Catedrático CONACYT Comisionado a Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco (UAM-X), Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico; (M.L.-L.); (I.G.-S.)
| | - Karen Rodríguez-Villar
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico;
| | - Francisco Cortés-Benítez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco (UAM-X), Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico; (F.M.-M.); (F.C.-B.); (A.P.M.-J.); (J.F.P.-E.); (O.S.-A.)
| | - Ana Perla Macías-Jiménez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco (UAM-X), Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico; (F.M.-M.); (F.C.-B.); (A.P.M.-J.); (J.F.P.-E.); (O.S.-A.)
| | - Ignacio González-Sánchez
- Catedrático CONACYT Comisionado a Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco (UAM-X), Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico; (M.L.-L.); (I.G.-S.)
| | - Ariana Romero-Velásquez
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Juan Francisco Palacios-Espinosa
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco (UAM-X), Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico; (F.M.-M.); (F.C.-B.); (A.P.M.-J.); (J.F.P.-E.); (O.S.-A.)
| | - Olivia Soria-Arteche
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco (UAM-X), Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico; (F.M.-M.); (F.C.-B.); (A.P.M.-J.); (J.F.P.-E.); (O.S.-A.)
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Zhang Y, Tian J, Qu C, Peng Y, Lei J, Sun L, Zong B, Liu S. A look into the link between centrosome amplification and breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110924. [PMID: 33128942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosome amplification (CA) is a common feature of human tumors, but it is not clear whether this is a cause or a consequence of cancer. The centrosome amplification observed in tumor cells may be explained by a series of events, such as failure of cell division, dysregulation of centrosome cycle checkpoints, and de novo centriole biogenesis disorder. The formation and progression of breast cancer are characterized by genomic abnormality. The centrosomes in breast cancer cells show characteristic structural aberrations, caused by centrosome amplification, which include: an increase in the number and volume of centrosomes, excessive increase of pericentriolar material (PCM), inappropriate phosphorylation of centrosomal molecular, and centrosome clustering formation induced by the dysregulation of important genes. The mechanism of intracellular centrosome amplification, the impact of which on breast cancer and the latest breast cancer target treatment options for centrosome amplification are exhaustively elaborated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Zhang
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jiao Tian
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Chi Qu
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jinwei Lei
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Beige Zong
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Shengchun Liu
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Qu M, Xu H, Chen J, Zhang Y, Xu B, Guo L, Xie J. Distinct Orchestration and Dynamic Processes on γ-H2AX and p-H3 for Two Major Types of Genotoxic Chemicals Revealed by Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2108-2119. [PMID: 32482060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic chemicals act by causing DNA damage, which, if left unrepaired, can have deleterious consequences for cell survival. DNA damage response (DDR) gets activated to repair or mitigate the effects of DNA damage. Histone H2AX and H3 phosphorylation biomarkers (γ-H2AX and p-H3) have attracted great attention as they play pivotal roles in the DDR. Simultaneous quantitation of γ-H2AX and p-H3 in exposed cells may monitor the toxicity of genotoxic chemicals and to some extent reflect the subsequent DDR process. Reported here is the first comprehensive characterization of distinct orchestration and dynamic processes on cellular γ-H2AX and p-H3 for two major types of genotoxic chemicals, clastogens and aneugens, by stable isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS). We find that clastogens significantly induce an increase in γ-H2AX and a decrease in p-H3; aneugens have no obvious effect on γ-H2AX, whereas induce either an increase or a decrease in p-H3. In addition, the specific profiles of clastogens and aneugens affecting DNA damage may be dynamically observed, which in turn provides insights into the processes involving DNA damage repair as well as transcription. Taken together, these results suggest that robust LC-MS/MS analysis of γ-H2AX and p-H3 can not only quantitatively differentiate mechanistic information on clastogens and aneugens but also dynamically present the detail profiles of DNA damage and repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yajiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jianwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
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Centrosome dysfunction: a link between senescence and tumor immunity. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:107. [PMID: 32606370 PMCID: PMC7327052 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome aberrations are hallmarks of human cancers and contribute to the senescence process. Structural and numerical centrosome abnormalities trigger mitotic errors, cellular senescence, cell death, genomic instability and/or aneuploidy, resulting in human disorders such as aging and cancer and affecting immunity. Interestingly, centrosome dysfunction promotes the secretion of multiple inflammatory factors that act as pivotal drivers of senescence and tumor immune escape. In this review, we summarize the forms of centrosome dysfunction and further discuss recent advances indicating that centrosome defects contribute to acceleration of senescence progression and promotion of tumor cell immune evasion in different ways.
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Chondrou V, Trochoutsou K, Panayides A, Efthimiou M, Stephanou G, Demopoulos NA. Combined study on clastogenic, aneugenic and apoptotic properties of doxorubicin in human cells in vitro. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH (THESSALONIKE, GREECE) 2018; 25:17. [PMID: 30338246 PMCID: PMC6180587 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-018-0089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin is a widely used anticancer drug due to its broad spectrum of antitumor activity. Various mechanisms have been proposed for its cytostatic activity, including DNA intercalation, topoisomerase II inhibition, generation of free radicals and apoptosis. The present study aims to further clarify the cytostatic activity of doxorubicin by its specific effect on (a) DNA damage, (b) micronucleation and (c) apoptosis, using a combination of different methods and cell systems such as human lymphocytes and HL-60 human leukemic cells. DNA lesions were analyzed by the alkaline comet assay in combination with formamidopyrimidine (Fpg) and human 8-oxoguanine (hOGG1) repair enzymes. Micronucleation was investigated by the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus assay (CBMN) in combination with Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization analysis. Impairment on mitotic apparatus was investigated by double immunofluorescence of β- and γ-tubulin. Apoptotic cell frequency was determined by the CBMN cytome assay. Complementary to the above, caspase-3 level was investigated by Western blot. RESULTS It was found that doxorubicin generates DNA breakage induced by oxidative damage in DNA bases, which can be repaired by the Fpg and hOGG1 enzymes. Increased micronucleus frequency was identified mainly through chromosome breakage and, at a lesser extent, through chromosome delay. Analysis of mitotic spindle showed disturbance of chromosome orientation and centrosome duplication and/or separation, leading to aneuploidy. Enhanced frequency of apoptotic leukemic cells was also observed. Caspase-3 seems to be involved in the generation of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The aforementioned findings derived from different treatment schedules, doses and time of exposure on primary versus transformed cells extend our knowledge about doxorubicin genotoxicity and contribute to the better understanding of the mechanisms by which doxorubicin induces genotoxic effects on human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Chondrou
- Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26 504, Patras, Greece
| | - Katerina Trochoutsou
- Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26 504, Patras, Greece
| | - Andreas Panayides
- Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26 504, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Efthimiou
- Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26 504, Patras, Greece
| | - Georgia Stephanou
- Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26 504, Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos A. Demopoulos
- Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26 504, Patras, Greece
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Abstract
Gene amplifications are mostly an attribute of tumor cells and drug resistant cells. Recently, we provided evidence for gene amplifications during differentiation of human and mouse neural progenitor cells. Here, we report gene amplifications in differentiating mouse myoblasts (C2C12 cells) covering a period of 7 days including pre-fusion, fusion and post-fusion stages. After differentiation induction we found an increase in copy numbers of CDK4 gene at day 3, of NUP133 at days 4 and 7, and of MYO18B at day 4. The amplification process was accompanied by gamma-H2AX foci that are indicative of double stand breaks. Amplifications during the differentiating process were also found in primary human myoblasts with the gene CDK4 and NUP133 amplified both in human and mouse myoblasts. Amplifications of NUP133 and CDK4 were also identified in vivo on mouse transversal cryosections at stage E11.5. In the course of myoblast differentiation, we found amplifications in cytoplasm indicative of removal of amplified sequences from the nucleus. The data provide further evidence that amplification is a fundamental mechanism contributing to the differentiation process in mammalians.
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Cosenza MR, Krämer A. Centrosome amplification, chromosomal instability and cancer: mechanistic, clinical and therapeutic issues. Chromosome Res 2016; 24:105-26. [PMID: 26645976 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-015-9505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes, the main microtubule-organizing centers in most animal cells, are of crucial importance for the assembly of a bipolar mitotic spindle and subsequent faithful segregation of chromosomes into two daughter cells. Centrosome abnormalities can be found in virtually all cancer types and have been linked to chromosomal instability (CIN) and tumorigenesis. Although our knowledge on centrosome structure, replication, and amplification has greatly increased within recent years, still only very little is known on nature, causes, and consequences of centrosome aberrations in primary tumor tissues. In this review, we summarize our current insights into the mechanistic link between centrosome aberrations, aneuploidy, CIN and tumorigenesis. Mechanisms of induction and cellular consequences of aneuploidy, tetraploidization and CIN, as well as origin and effects of supernumerary centrosomes will be discussed. In addition, animal models for both CIN and centrosome amplification will be outlined. Finally, we describe approaches to exploit centrosome amplification, aneuploidy and CIN for novel and specific anticancer treatment strategies based on the modulation of chromosome missegregation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raffaele Cosenza
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alwin Krämer
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Chan A, Singh AJ, Northcote PT, Miller JH. Peloruside A, a microtubule-stabilizing agent, induces aneuploidy in ovarian cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2016; 34:424-38. [PMID: 27155614 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-016-0355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To ensure proper chromosome segregation, mitosis is tightly regulated by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Low concentrations of microtubule-stabilizing agents can induce aneuploid populations of cells in the absence of G2/M block, suggesting pertubation of the spindle checkpoint. We investigated the effects of peloruside A, a microtubule-stabilizing agent, on expression levels of several key cell cycle proteins, MAD2, BUBR1, p55CDC and cyclin B1. Synchronized 1A9 ovarian carcinoma cells were allowed to progress through the cell cycle in the presence or absence of peloruside A. Co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting were used to probe the cell cycle kinetics of MAD2 and BUBR1 dissociation from p55CDC. Using confocal microscopy, we investigated whether premature dissociation of MAD2 and BUBR1 at low (40 nM) but not high (100 nM) concentrations of peloruside A was caused by defects in the attachment of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle. An increased frequency of polar chromosomes was observed at low concentrations of peloruside A, suggesting that an increased frequency of pseudo-metaphase cells, which are not detected by the spindle assembly checkpoint, may be underlying the induction of aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.,Volpara Solutions Limited, Level 12, 86 Victoria Street, Wellington, 6011, New Zealand
| | - A Jonathan Singh
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.,School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.,Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute - Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Peter T Northcote
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.,School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - John H Miller
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand. .,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
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Khoury L, Zalko D, Audebert M. Complementarity of phosphorylated histones H2AX and H3 quantification in different cell lines for genotoxicity screening. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:1983-95. [PMID: 26404763 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro micronucleus assay is broadly used, but is not per se able to discriminate aneugenic from clastogenic compounds, and cytotoxicity can be a confounding factor. In vitro genotoxicity assays generally rely on cell lines with limited metabolic capabilities. Recently, the use of histone H2AX and H3 phosphorylation markers (γH2AX and p-H3) was proposed to discriminate aneugenic from clastogenic chemicals. The aim of the present study was to develop a new genotoxic screening strategy based on the use of the γH2AX and p-H3 biomarkers in combination with cell lines with distinct biotransformation properties. First, we tested a training set of 20 model chemicals comprised of 10 aneugens, five clastogens and five cytotoxics on three human cell lines (HepG2, LS-174T and ACHN). Our data confirm the robustness of these two biomarkers to discriminate efficiently clastogens, aneugens and misleading cytotoxic chemicals in HepG2 cells. Aneugenic compounds induced either an increase or a decrease in p-H3 depending on their mode of action. Clastogens induced γH2AX, and cytotoxic compounds generated a marked decrease in these two biomarkers. Moreover, the use of different cell lines permits to discriminate direct from bioactivated genotoxins without the need of an exogenous metabolic activation system. Finally, we further evaluated this strategy using a test set of 13 chemicals with controversial genotoxic potential. The resulting data demonstrate that the combined analysis of γH2AX and p-H3 is an efficient strategy. Notably, we demonstrated that three compounds (fisetin, hydroquinone and okadaic acid) display both aneugenic and clastogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Khoury
- INRA, UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, BP 93173, 31027, Toulouse Cedex 3, France.,Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, UMR1331, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Zalko
- INRA, UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, BP 93173, 31027, Toulouse Cedex 3, France.,Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, UMR1331, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Audebert
- INRA, UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, BP 93173, 31027, Toulouse Cedex 3, France. .,Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, UMR1331, 31062, Toulouse, France.
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Fatty acid lithium salts fromCunninghamella echinulatahave cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on HL-60 human leukemia cells. Eng Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Solecki GM, Groh IAM, Kajzar J, Haushofer C, Scherhag A, Schrenk D, Esselen M. Genotoxic properties of cyclopentenone prostaglandins and the onset of glutathione depletion. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:252-61. [PMID: 23339592 DOI: 10.1021/tx300435p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins are endogenous mediators formed from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenases and prostaglandin synthases during inflammatory processes. The five-membered ring can be dehydrated, and α,β-unsaturated cyclopentenone PGs (cyPGs) are generated. Recent studies have been focused on their potential pharmacological use against inflammation and cancer. However, little is known so far about possible adverse health effects of cyPGs. We addressed the question whether selected cyPGs at a concentration range of 0.1-10 μM exhibit mutagenic and genotoxic properties in the hamster lung fibroblast V79 cell line and whether these effects are accompanied by a depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH). The cyPGs 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15dPGJ2) and prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) significantly induced DNA damage in V79 cells after 1 h of incubation. Furthermore, a more pronounced increase in formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG) sensitive sites, indicative of oxidative DNA-damage, was observed. The findings on DNA-damaging properties were supported by our results that 15dPGJ(2) acts as an aneugenic agent which induces the amount of kinetochore positive micronuclei associated with an increase of apoptosis. The strong potency of cyPGs to rapidly bind GSH measured in a chemical assay and to significantly reduce the GSH level after only 1 h of incubation may contribute to the observed oxidative DNA strand breaks, whereas directly induced oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species could be excluded. However, after an extended incubation time of 24 h no genotoxicity could be measured, this may contribute to the lack of mutagenicity in the hypoxanthine phosphorybosyltransferase (HPRT) assay. In conclusion, potential in vitro genotoxicity of cyPG and a strong impact on GSH homeostasis have been demonstrated, which may be involved in carcinogenesis mediated by chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Morten Solecki
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Stepanenko AA, Kavsan VM. Evolutionary karyotypic theory of cancer versus conventional cancer gene mutation theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.7124/bc.000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Stepanenko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - V. M. Kavsan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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