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Guerrero-Arroyo J, Jiménez-Córdova MI, Aztatzi-Aguilar OG, Del Razo LM. Impact of Fluoride Exposure on Rat Placenta: Foetal/Placental Morphometric Alterations and Decreased Placental Vascular Density. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3237-3247. [PMID: 37882978 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic fluoride is a geogenic and anthropogenic contaminant widely distributed in the environment and commonly identified in contaminated groundwater. There is limited information on the effect of fluoride exposure on pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible placental alterations of fluoride exposure in a rat model simulating preconception and pregnancy exposure conditions in endemic areas. Fluoride exposure was administered orally to foetuses of dams exposed to 2.5 and 5 mg fluoride/kg/d. Foetal weight, height, foetal/placental weight ratio, placental zone thickness, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and vascular density in placental tissue were evaluated. The results showed a nonlinear relationship between these outcomes and the dose of fluoride exposure. In addition, a significant increase in the fluoride concentration in placental tissue was observed. The group that was exposed to 2.5 mg fluoride/kg/d had a greater increase in both MDA levels and VEGF-A levels than the higher dose group. A significant increase in the thickness of the placental zones and a decrease in the vascular density of the labyrinth zone area were also observed in the fluoride-exposed groups. In conclusion, the data obtained demonstrate that fluoride exposure results in morpho-structural alterations in the placenta and that non-monotonic changes in MDA, VEGF-A levels and placental foetal weight ratio were at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Guerrero-Arroyo
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07360, México City, México
| | - Mónica I Jiménez-Córdova
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07360, México City, México
| | - Octavio G Aztatzi-Aguilar
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07360, México City, México
| | - Luz M Del Razo
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07360, México City, México.
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2
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Balaha MF, Alamer AA, Eisa AA, Aljohani HM. Shikonin Alleviates Gentamicin-Induced Renal Injury in Rats by Targeting Renal Endocytosis, SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1, TLR-4/NF-κB/MAPK, and PI3K/Akt Cascades. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050826. [PMID: 37237729 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gentamicin causes kidney injury due to its accumulation in proximal tubule epithelial cells via the megalin/cubilin/CLC-5 complex. Recently, shikonin has been shown to have potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and chloride channel-inhibiting effects. The current study investigated the alleviation of gentamicin-induced renal injury by shikonin while preserving its bactericidal effect. Nine-week-old Wistar rats were administered 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg/day shikonin orally, one hour after the i.p. injection of 100 mg/kg/day gentamicin for seven days. Shikonin significantly and dose-dependently alleviated gentamicin-induced renal injury, as revealed by restoring normal kidney function and histological architecture. Furthermore, shikonin restored renal endocytic function, as indicated by suppressing the elevated renal megalin, cubilin, and CLC-5 and enhancing the reduced NHE3 levels and mRNA expressions induced by gentamicin. These potentials could be attributed to the modulation of the renal SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1, TLR-4/NF-κB/MAPK, and PI3K/Akt cascades, which enhanced the renal antioxidant system and suppressed renal inflammation and apoptosis, as indicated by enhancements of SIRT1, Nrf2, HO-1, GSH, SOD, TAC, Iκb-α, Bcl-2, PI3K, and Akt levels and mRNA expressions, with reduction of TLR-4, NF-κB, MAPK, IL-1β, TNF-α, MDA, iNOS, NO, cytochrome c, caspase-3, Bax levels, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Therefore, shikonin is a promising therapeutic agent for alleviating gentamicin-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Balaha
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El-Gish Street, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Alamer
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa A Eisa
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina 41477, Saudi Arabia
- Animal House Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashim M Aljohani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madina 41477, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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3
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Xu W, Hu Z, Tang Y, Zhang J, Xu S, Niu Q. Excessive Lysosomal Stress Response and Consequently Impaired Autophagy Contribute to Fluoride-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03511-0. [PMID: 36464725 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride can cause developmental neurotoxicity; however, the precise mechanism has yet to be determined. We aimed to explore the possible role and mechanism of fluoride-induced developmental neurotoxicity, specifically the significance of the lysosomal stress response. As an in vivo model, Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to sodium fluoride (NaF) from embryo to 2 months of age. We found that NaF caused autophagic flux blockage and apoptosis in the rat hippocampus. These results were validated in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells in vitro. In addition, in SH-SY5Y cells, NaF hindered autophagosome-lysosome fusion, decreased lysosomal degradation, and elevated lysosomal pH, which is the most prominent hallmark of a lysosomal stress response. Interestingly, rapamycin promoted autophagosome-lysosome fusion, effectively restoring autophagic flux and reducing apoptosis. Notably, bafilomycin A1, a lysosomal lumen alkalizer, unsurprisingly exacerbated the NaF-induced increase in lysosomal pH and decreased lysosomal degradability, as well as enhanced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that NaF exposure initiates excessive lysosomal stress response, resulting in elevated lysosomal pH, decreased lysosomal degradation, and blocked autophagic flux, which leads to neuronal apoptosis. Thus, the lysosomal stress response may be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of fluoride-induced developmental neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjing Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, North 2nd Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), Shihezi, China
| | - Zeyu Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, North 2nd Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), Shihezi, China
| | - Yanling Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, North 2nd Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), Shihezi, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, North 2nd Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), Shihezi, China
| | - Shangzhi Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, North 2nd Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), Shihezi, China.
| | - Qiang Niu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, North 2nd Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), Shihezi, China.
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Azouz AA, Hanna DA, Abo-Saif AA, Anwar Shehata Messiha B. Interference with megalin expression/endocytic function by montelukast mitigates gentamicin nephrotoxicity: Downregulation of ClC-5 expression. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:150-161. [PMID: 35528850 PMCID: PMC9072701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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5
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Bontemps-Karcher A, Magneron V, Conquet L, Elie C, Gloaguen C, Kereselidze D, Roy L, Barbier OC, Guéguen Y. Renal adaptive response to exposure to low doses of uranyl nitrate and sodium fluoride in mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126708. [PMID: 33360916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their differences in physicochemical properties, both uranium (U) and fluoride (F) are nephrotoxicants at high doses but their adverse effects at low doses are still the subject of debate. METHODS This study aims to improve the knowledge of the biological mechanisms involved through an adaptive response model of C57BL/6 J mice chronically exposed to low priming doses of U (0, 10, 20 and 40 mg/L) or F (0, 15, 30 and 50 mg/L) and then challenged with acute exposure of 5 mg/kg U or 7.5 mg/kg NaF. RESULTS We showed that an adaptive response occurred with priming exposures to 20 mg/L U and 50 mg/L F, with decreased levels of the biomarkers KIM-1 and CLU compared to those in animals that received the challenge dose only (positive control). The adaptive mechanisms involved a decrease in caspase 3/7 activities in animals exposed to 20 mg/L U and a decrease in in situ VCAM expression in mice exposed to 50 mg/L F. However, autophagy and the UPR were induced independently of priming exposure to U or F and could not be identified as adaptive mechanisms to U or F. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results allow us to identify renal adaptive responses to U and F at doses of 20 and 50 mg/L, probably through decrease apoptosis and inflammatory cell recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bontemps-Karcher
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Victor Magneron
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurine Conquet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christelle Elie
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Céline Gloaguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Dimitri Kereselidze
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurence Roy
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier C Barbier
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Departamento de Toxicología (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col., San Pedro Zacatenco, México City, CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Yann Guéguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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6
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Jado JC, Humanes B, González-Nicolás MÁ, Camaño S, Lara JM, López B, Cercenado E, García-Bordas J, Tejedor A, Lázaro A. Nephroprotective Effect of Cilastatin against Gentamicin-Induced Renal Injury In Vitro and In Vivo without Altering Its Bactericidal Efficiency. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090821. [PMID: 32899204 PMCID: PMC7555100 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentamicin is a used antibiotic that causes nephrotoxicity in 10-20% of treatment periods, which limits its use considerably. Our results have shown that cilastatin may be a promising therapeutic alternative in toxin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Here, we investigated its potential use as a nephroprotector against gentamicin-induced AKI in vitro and in vivo. Porcine renal cells and rats were treated with gentamicin and/or cilastatin. In vivo nephrotoxicity was analyzed by measuring biochemical markers and renal morphology. Different apoptotic, oxidative and inflammatory parameters were studied at cellular and systemic levels. Megalin, mainly responsible for the entry of gentamicin into the cells, was also analyzed. Results show that cilastatin protects cells from gentamicin-induced AKI. Cilastatin decreased creatinine, BUN, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and severe morphological changes previously increased by gentamicin in rats. The interference of cilastatin with lipid rafts cycling leads to decreased expression of megalin, and therefore gentamicin uptake and myeloid bodies, resulting in a decrease of apoptotic, oxidative and inflammatory events. Moreover, cilastatin did not prevent bacterial death by gentamicin. Cilastatin reduced gentamicin-induced AKI by preventing key steps in the amplification of the damage, which is associated to the disruption of megalin-gentamicin endocytosis. Therefore, cilastatin might represent a novel therapeutic tool in the prevention and treatment of gentamicin-induced AKI in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Jado
- Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.J.); (B.H.); (M.Á.G.-N.); (S.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Blanca Humanes
- Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.J.); (B.H.); (M.Á.G.-N.); (S.C.); (A.T.)
| | - María Ángeles González-Nicolás
- Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.J.); (B.H.); (M.Á.G.-N.); (S.C.); (A.T.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Camaño
- Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.J.); (B.H.); (M.Á.G.-N.); (S.C.); (A.T.)
| | - José Manuel Lara
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.L.); (B.L.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Beatriz López
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.L.); (B.L.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Emilia Cercenado
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Julio García-Bordas
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.L.); (B.L.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Alberto Tejedor
- Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.J.); (B.H.); (M.Á.G.-N.); (S.C.); (A.T.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lázaro
- Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.J.); (B.H.); (M.Á.G.-N.); (S.C.); (A.T.)
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-914265145
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Waugh DT. Fluoride Exposure Induces Inhibition of Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS) Contributing to Impaired Iodine Absorption and Iodine Deficiency: Molecular Mechanisms of Inhibition and Implications for Public Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1086. [PMID: 30917615 PMCID: PMC6466022 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16061086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is the plasma membrane glycoprotein that mediates active iodide transport in the thyroid and other tissues, such as the salivary, gastric mucosa, rectal mucosa, bronchial mucosa, placenta and mammary glands. In the thyroid, NIS mediates the uptake and accumulation of iodine and its activity is crucial for the development of the central nervous system and disease prevention. Since the discovery of NIS in 1996, research has further shown that NIS functionality and iodine transport is dependent on the activity of the sodium potassium activated adenosine 5'-triphosphatase pump (Na+, K+-ATPase). In this article, I review the molecular mechanisms by which F inhibits NIS expression and functionality which in turn contributes to impaired iodide absorption, diminished iodide-concentrating ability and iodine deficiency disorders. I discuss how NIS expression and activity is inhibited by thyroglobulin (Tg), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and how fluoride upregulates expression and activity of these biomarkers. I further describe the crucial role of prolactin and megalin in regulation of NIS expression and iodine homeostasis and the effect of fluoride in down regulating prolactin and megalin expression. Among many other issues, I discuss the potential conflict between public health policies such as water fluoridation and its contribution to iodine deficiency, neurodevelopmental and pathological disorders. Further studies are warranted to examine these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Timothy Waugh
- EnviroManagement Services, 11 Riverview, Doherty's Rd, Bandon, Co. Cork, P72 YF10, Ireland.
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8
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Quadri JA, Sarwar S, Sinha A, Kalaivani M, Dinda AK, Bagga A, Roy TS, Das TK, Shariff A. Fluoride-associated ultrastructural changes and apoptosis in human renal tubule: a pilot study. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 37:1199-1206. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327118755257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The susceptibility of the kidneys to fluoride toxicity can largely be attributed to its anatomy and function. As the filtrate moves along the complex tubular structure of each nephron, it is concentrated in the proximal and distal tubules and collecting duct. It has been frequently observed that the children suffering from renal impairments also have some symptoms of dental and skeletal fluorosis. The findings suggest that fluoride somehow interferes with renal anatomy and physiology, which may lead to renal pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride-associated nephrotoxicity. A total of 156 patients with childhood nephrotic syndrome were screened and it was observed that 32 of them had significantly high levels ( p ≤ 0.05) of fluoride in urine (4.01 ± 1.83 ppm) and serum (0.1 ± 0.013 ppm). On the basis of urinary fluoride concentration, patients were divided into two groups, namely group 1 (G-1) ( n = 32) containing normal urine fluoride (0.61 ± 0.17 ppm) and group 2 (G-2) ( n = 32) having high urine fluoride concentration (4.01 ± 1.83 ppm). Age-matched healthy subjects ( n = 33) having normal levels of urinary fluoride (0.56 ± 0.15 ppm) were included in the study as control (group 0 (G-0)). Kidney biopsies were taken from G-1 and G-2 only, who were subjected to ultrastructural (transmission electron microscopy) and apoptotic (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling) analysis. Various subcellular ultrastructural changes including nuclear disintegration, chromosome condensation, cytoplasmic ground substance lysis, and endoplasmic reticulum blebbing were observed. Increased levels of apoptosis were observed in high fluoride group (G-2) compared to normal fluoride group (G-1). Various degrees of fluoride-associated damages to the architecture of tubular epithelia, such as cell swelling and lysis, cytoplasmic vacuolation, nuclear condensation, apoptosis, and necrosis, were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- JA Quadri
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sarwar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Sinha
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M Kalaivani
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - AK Dinda
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Bagga
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - TS Roy
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - TK Das
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Shariff
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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9
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Sharma D, Singh A, Verma K, Paliwal S, Sharma S, Dwivedi J. Fluoride: A review of pre-clinical and clinical studies. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 56:297-313. [PMID: 29091818 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is ubiquitous in environment and profound in bones, teeth and calcified tissues of human body. Fluoride has been the topic of regular discussion and investigations. Besides its toxicity, fluoride has also been examined for its beneficial effects like prevention and treatment of tooth decay, microbial infection, inflammation, cancer, occurrence of renal stone and many more. Since last many decades, several efforts have been made at pre-clinical and clinical level to understand role of fluoride in biological system. The present review gives a brief account of prevalence, sources of fluoride toxicity and pre-clinical and clinical studies carried out on effects of fluoride in last six decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India
| | - Aarti Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India
| | - Kanika Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India.
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India
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