1
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Ijaz MU, Shahid H, Hayat MF, Khan HA, Al-Ghanim KA, Riaz MN. The therapeutic potential of isosakuranetin against perfluorooctane sulfonate instigated cardiac toxicity via modulating Nrf-2/Keap-1 pathway, inflammatory, apoptotic, and histological profile. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4060. [PMID: 38816947 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a pervasive organic toxicant that damages body organs, including heart. Isosakuranetin (ISN) is a plant-based flavonoid that exhibits a broad range of pharmacological potentials. The current investigation was conducted to evaluate the potential role of ISN to counteract PFOS-induced cardiac damage in rats. Twenty-four albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were distributed into four groups, including control, PFOS (10 mg/kg) intoxicated, PFOS + ISN (10 mg/kg + 20 mg/kg) treated, and ISN (20 mg/kg) alone supplemented group. It was revealed that PFOS intoxication reduced the expressions of Nrf-2 and its antioxidant genes while escalating the expression of Keap-1. Furthermore, PFOS exposure reduced the activities of glutathione reductase (GSR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione (GSH) contents while upregulating the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Besides, PFOS administration upregulated the levels of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), troponin I, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Moreover, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were increased after PFOS intoxication. Additionally, PFOS exposure downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 while upregulating the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3. Furthermore, PFOS administration disrupted the normal architecture of cardiac tissues. Nonetheless, ISN treatment remarkably protected the cardiac tissues via regulating aforementioned dysregulations owing to its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Humna Shahid
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal Hayat
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid A Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Annunziato M, Bashirova N, Eeza MNH, Lawson A, Fernandez-Lima F, Tose LV, Matysik J, Alia A, Berry JP. An Integrated Metabolomics-Based Model, and Identification of Potential Biomarkers, of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid Toxicity in Zebrafish Embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38411227 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Known for their high stability and surfactant properties, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been widely used in a range of manufactured products. Despite being largely phased out due to concerns regarding their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity, legacy PFAS such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid continue to persist at high levels in the environment, posing risks to aquatic organisms. We used high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in intact zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to investigate the metabolic pathways altered by PFOS both before and after hatching (i.e., 24 and 72 h post fertilization [hpf], respectively). Assessment of embryotoxicity found embryo lethality in the parts-per-million range with no significant difference in mortality between the 24- and 72-hpf exposure groups. Metabolic profiling revealed mostly consistent changes between the two exposure groups, with altered metabolites generally associated with oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, energy production, and mitochondrial function, as well as specific targeting of the liver and central nervous system as key systems. These metabolic changes were further supported by analyses of tissue-specific production of reactive oxygen species, as well as nontargeted mass spectrometric lipid profiling. Our findings suggest that PFOS-induced metabolic changes in zebrafish embryos may be mediated through previously described interactions with regulatory and transcription factors leading to disruption of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. The present study proposes a systems-level model of PFOS toxicity in early life stages of zebrafish, and also identifies potential biomarkers of effect and exposure for improved environmental biomonitoring. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-19. © 2024 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Annunziato
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Narmin Bashirova
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Muhamed N H Eeza
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ariel Lawson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Lima
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lilian V Tose
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Alia
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John P Berry
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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3
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Qiu M, Chen J, Liu M, Nie Z, Ke M, Dong G, Zhao H, Zhou C, Zeng H, He B, Chen J, Zhuang J, Li X, Ou Y. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the cardiogenic toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate in human embryonic stem cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115945. [PMID: 38183750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), an endocrine-disrupting chemical pollutant, affects embryonic heart development; however, the mechanisms underlying its toxicity have not been fully elucidated. Here, Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to investigate the overall effects of PFOS on myocardial differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Additionally, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP assays were performed. Downregulated cardiogenesis-related genes and inhibited cardiac differentiation were observed after PFOS exposure in vitro. The percentages of cardiomyocyte and cardiac progenitor cell clusters decreased significantly following exposure to PFOS, while the proportion of primitive endoderm cell was increased in PFOS group. Moreover, PFOS inhibited myocardial differentiation and blocked cellular development at the early- and middle-stage. A Gene Ontology analysis and pseudo-time trajectory illustrated that PFOS disturbed multiple processes related to cardiogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. Furthermore, PFOS decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and induced apoptosis. These results offer meaningful insights into the cardiogenic toxicity of PFOS exposure during heart formation as well as the adverse effects of PFOS on mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Mingqin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Nie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Miaola Ke
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510050, PR China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental, Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Haishan Zhao
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Chengbin Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Biaochuan He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Jimei Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| | - Yanqiu Ou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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4
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Wen ZJ, Wei YJ, Zhang YF, Zhang YF. A review of cardiovascular effects and underlying mechanisms of legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1195-1245. [PMID: 36947184 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses the leading threats to human health and life, and their occurrence and severity are associated with exposure to environmental pollutants. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a group of widely used industrial chemicals, are characterized by persistence, long-distance migration, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. Some PFAS, particularly perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), have been banned, leaving only legacy exposure to the environment and human body, while a number of novel PFAS alternatives have emerged and raised concerns, such as polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic and carboxylic acid (PFESA and PFECA) and sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS). Overall, this review systematically elucidated the adverse cardiovascular (CV) effects of legacy and emerging PFAS, emphasized the dose/concentration-dependent, time-dependent, carbon chain length-dependent, sex-specific, and coexposure effects, and discussed the underlying mechanisms and possible prevention and treatment. Extensive epidemiological and laboratory evidence suggests that accumulated serum levels of legacy PFAS possibly contribute to an increased risk of CVD and its subclinical course, such as cardiac toxicity, vascular disorder, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The underlying biological mechanisms may include oxidative stress, signaling pathway disturbance, lipid metabolism disturbance, and so on. Various emerging alternatives to PFAS also play increasingly prominent toxic roles in CV outcomes that are milder, similar to, or more severe than legacy PFAS. Future research is recommended to conduct more in-depth CV toxicity assessments of legacy and emerging PFAS and explore more effective surveillance, prevention, and treatment strategies, accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Jin Wen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi-Jing Wei
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi-Fei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin-Feng Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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5
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Guillotin S, Delcourt N. Studying the Impact of Persistent Organic Pollutants Exposure on Human Health by Proteomic Analysis: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214271. [PMID: 36430748 PMCID: PMC9692675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic chemical substances that are widely distributed in environments around the globe. POPs accumulate in living organisms and are found at high concentrations in the food chain. Humans are thus continuously exposed to these chemical substances, in which they exert hepatic, reproductive, developmental, behavioral, neurologic, endocrine, cardiovascular, and immunologic adverse health effects. However, considerable information is unknown regarding the mechanism by which POPs exert their adverse effects in humans, as well as the molecular and cellular responses involved. Data are notably lacking concerning the consequences of acute and chronic POP exposure on changes in gene expression, protein profile, and metabolic pathways. We conducted a systematic review to provide a synthesis of knowledge of POPs arising from proteomics-based research. The data source used for this review was PubMed. This study was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. Of the 742 items originally identified, 89 were considered in the review. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the most recent research and available solutions to explore proteomics datasets to identify new features relevant to human health. Future perspectives in proteomics studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Guillotin
- Poison Control Centre, Toulouse University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR 1295, Centre d’Epidémiologie et de Recherche en Santé des Populations, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Delcourt
- Poison Control Centre, Toulouse University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR 1214, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, 31024 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-567691640
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6
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Beale DJ, Sinclair GM, Shah R, Paten AM, Kumar A, Long SM, Vardy S, Jones OAH. A review of omics-based PFAS exposure studies reveals common biochemical response pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157255. [PMID: 35817100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are a diverse group of man-made chemicals with a range of industrial applications and which are widespread in the environment. They are structurally diverse but comprise a common chemical feature of at least one (though usually more) perfluorocarbon moiety (-CnF2n-) attached to a functional group such as a carboxylic or sulphonic acid. The strength of the Carbon-Fluorine bond means the compounds do not break down easily and can thus bioaccumulate. PFAS are of high concern to regulators and the public due to their potential toxicity and high persistence. At high exposure levels, PFAS have been implicated in a range of harmful effects on human and environmental health, particularly problems in/with development, cholesterol and endocrine disruption, immune system function, and oncogenesis. However, most environmental toxicology studies use far higher levels of PFAS than are generally found in the environment. Additionally, since the type of exposure, the PFAS used, and the organisms tested all vary between studies, so do the results. Traditional ecotoxicology studies may thus not identify PFAS effects at environmentally relevant exposures. Here we conduct a review of omics-based PFAS exposure studies using laboratory ecotoxicological methodologies and environmentally relevant exposure levels and show that common biochemical response pathways are identified in multiple studies. A major pathway identified was the pentose phosphate shunt pathway. Such molecular markers of sublethal PFAS exposure will greatly benefit accurate and effective risk assessments to ensure that new PFAS regulations can consider the full effects of PFAS exposure on environmental and human health receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Beale
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Georgia M Sinclair
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Rohan Shah
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Amy M Paten
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Black Mountain, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anupama Kumar
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Sara M Long
- Aquatic Environmental Stress Research Group (AQUEST), School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Suzanne Vardy
- Water Quality and Investigation, Science and Technology Division, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Oliver A H Jones
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
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7
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Feng Z, McLamb F, Vu JP, Gong S, Gersberg RM, Bozinovic G. Physiological and transcriptomic effects of hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid in Caenorhabditis elegans during development. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 244:114047. [PMID: 36075119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemicals resistant to degradation. While such a feature is desirable in consumer and industrial products, some PFAS, including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are toxic and bioaccumulate. Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA), an emerging PFAS developed to replace PFOA, has not been extensively studied. To evaluate the potential toxicity of HFPO-DA with a cost- and time-efficient approach, we exposed C. elegans larvae for 48 h to 4 × 10-9-4 g/L HFPO-DA in liquid media and measured developmental, behavioral, locomotor, and transcriptional effects at various exposure levels. Worms exposed to 1.5-4 g/L HFPO-DA were developmentally delayed, and progeny production was significantly delayed (p < 0.05) in worms exposed to 2-4 g/L HFPO-DA. Statistically significant differential gene expression was identified in all fourteen HFPO-DA exposure groups ranging from 1.25 × 10-5 to 4 g/L, except for 6.25 × 10-5 g/L. Among 10298 analyzed genes, 2624 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the developmentally delayed 4 g/L group only, and 78 genes were differentially expressed in at least one of the thirteen groups testing 1.25 × 10-5-2 g/L HFPO-DA exposures. Genes encoding for detoxification enzymes including cytochrome P450 and UDP glucuronosyltransferases were upregulated in 0.25-4 g/L acute exposure groups. DEGs were also identified in lower exposure level groups, though they did not share biological functions except for six ribosomal protein-coding genes. While our transcriptional data is inconclusive to infer mechanisms of toxicity, the significant gene expression differences at 1.25 × 10-5 g/L, the lowest concentration tested for transcriptional changes, calls for further targeted analyses of low-dose HFPO-DA exposure effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuying Feng
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, 3030 Bunker Hill Street, San Diego, CA, USA; School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Flannery McLamb
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, 3030 Bunker Hill Street, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, 9600N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Jeanne P Vu
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, 3030 Bunker Hill Street, San Diego, CA, USA; School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, 9600N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Sylvia Gong
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, 3030 Bunker Hill Street, San Diego, CA, USA; School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, 9600N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Richard M Gersberg
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Goran Bozinovic
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, 3030 Bunker Hill Street, San Diego, CA, USA; School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, USA.
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8
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Davidsen N, Ramhøj L, Kugathas I, Evrard B, Darde TA, Chalmel F, Svingen T, Rosenmai AK. PFOS disrupts key developmental pathways during hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte differentiation in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 85:105475. [PMID: 36116746 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) has been associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) and decreased birth weight. PFOS exposure can disrupt signaling pathways relevant for cardiac development in stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte assays, such as the PluriBeat assay, where spheroids of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) differentiate into contracting cardiomyocytes. Notably, cell line origin can also affect how the assay responds to chemical exposure. Herein, we examined the effect of PFOS on cardiomyocyte differentiation by transcriptomics profiling of two different hiPSC lines to see if they exhibit a common pattern of disruption. Two stages of differentiation were investigated: the cardiac progenitor stage and the cardiomyocyte stage. Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed between cell lines independent of exposure. However, 135 DEGs were identified as common between the two cell lines. Of these, 10 DEGs were associated with GO-terms related to the heart. PFOS exposure disrupted multiple signaling pathways relevant to cardiac development, including WNT, TGF, HH, and EGF. Of these pathways, genes related to the non-canonical WNTCa2+ signaling was particularly affected. PFOS thus has the capacity to disrupt pathways important for cardiac development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichlas Davidsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - Louise Ramhøj
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Indusha Kugathas
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Frédéric Chalmel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Terje Svingen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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9
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Xu D, Li L, Tang L, Guo M, Yang J. Perfluorooctane sulfonate induces heart toxicity involving cardiac apoptosis and inflammation in rats. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:14. [PMID: 34815766 PMCID: PMC8593915 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent pollutant that exerts toxicity and induces cardiogenesis in humans and animals. Yet, the effect of PFOS exposure on cardiac toxicity in adult rats has, to our knowledge, not been reported and the mechanism still remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the toxicity of PFOS on rat hearts and any associated mechanisms. Rats were exposed to 0 (control), 1 and 10 mg/kg PFOS every other day for 14 days. Body weight and heart weight were recorded. The serum levels of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin-T (cTn-T) in heart tissues were measured using biochemical assays. TUNEL staining and western blotting were applied to analyze levels of apoptosis in rat hearts. Pathological assessment and immunohistochemistry analysis of heart tissues were used to evaluate the levels of PFOS-induced cardiotoxicity and inflammatory infiltration. PFOS exposure at the dosage of 10 mg/kg significantly increased the percentage of heart to body weight; however, it did not alter the body weight. At 10 mg/kg, PFOS significantly increased expression levels of myocardial injury markers, such as cTn-T, LDH, CK and CK-MB, while 1 mg/kg PFOS upregulated the expression level of cTn-T in rats. Notably, cardiac fibrosis and myocardiac hypertrophy appeared in the 10 mg/kg PFOS group. In addition, TUNEL-positive cells were significantly increased by exposure to 10 mg/kg PFOS in rat heart tissues. The protein expressions profiles of p53 and Bax were also significantly upregulated in the 10 mg/kg PFOS group. Inflammatory infiltration, detected by anaylzing expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, was significantly raised by 10 mg/kg PFOS exposure. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that 10 mg/kg PFOS-induced cardiac toxicity in rats, which was associated with an increase in apoptosis and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chun'an First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province People's Hospital Chun'an Branch, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311700, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chun'an First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province People's Hospital Chun'an Branch, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311700, P.R. China
| | - Leilei Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, P.R. China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, P.R. China
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10
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Liu D, Liu NY, Chen LT, Shao Y, Shi XM, Zhu DY. Perfluorooctane sulfonate induced toxicity in embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes via inhibiting autophagy-lysosome pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 69:104988. [PMID: 32861759 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a classic environmental pollutant, is reported to cause cardiotoxicity in animals and humans. It has been demonstrated that PFOS exposure down-regulates expression of cardiac-development related genes and proteins. However, the related mechanism of PFOS has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, the embryonic stem (ES) cells-derived cardiomyocytes (ESC-CMs) was employed to investigate PFOS-mediated mechanism in developmental toxicity of cardiomyocytes. Our previous study shows that PFOS induces cardiomyocyte toxicity via causing mitochondrial damage. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism by which PFOS affects the autophagy-related mitochondrial toxicity in ESC-CMs remains unclear. Here, we found that PFOS induced the swelling of mitochondria and the autophagosome accumulation in ESC-CMs at 40 μM concentration. PFOS increased the levels of LC3-II, p62, and ubiquitinated proteins. PFOS also induced an increase of LC3 and p62 localization into mitochondria, indicating that mitophagy degradation was impaired. The results of autophagic flux using chloroquine and RFP-GFP-LC3 analysis showed that the accumulation of autophagosome was not caused by the formation but by the impaired degradation. PFOS was capable of blocking the fusion between autophagosome and lysosome. PFOS caused dysfunction of lysosomes because it down-regulated Lamp2a and cathepsin D, but it did not induced lysosome membrane permeabilization. Meanwhile, PFOS-mediated lysosomal function and the inhibitory effect of autophagic flux could be reversed by PP242 at 40 nM concentration, an mTOR inhibitor. Furthermore, PP242 restored PFOS-induced ATP depletion and mitochondrial membrane potential. In conclusion, PFOS induced mitochondrial dysfunction via blocking autophagy-lysosome degradation, leading to cardiomyocyte toxicity from ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nuo-Ya Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li-Ting Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Shi
- Undergraduate Students in Research Training Project at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan-Yan Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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11
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Yang R, Liu S, Liang X, Yin N, Ruan T, Jiang L, Faiola F. F-53B and PFOS treatments skew human embryonic stem cell in vitro cardiac differentiation towards epicardial cells by partly disrupting the WNT signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114153. [PMID: 32088431 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
F-53B and PFOS are two per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) widely utilized in the metal plating industry as mist suppressants. Recent epidemiological studies have linked PFASs to cardiovascular diseases and alterations in heart geometry. However, we still have limited understanding of the effects of F-53B and PFOS on the developing heart. In this study, we employed a human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-based cardiac differentiation system and whole transcriptomics analyses to evaluate the potential developmental cardiac toxicity of F-53B and PFOS. We utilized F-53B and PFOS concentrations of 0.1-60 μM, covering the levels detected in human blood samples. We demonstrated that both F-53B and PFOS inhibited cardiac differentiation and promoted epicardial specification via upregulation of the WNT signaling pathway. Most importantly, the effects of F-53B were more robust than those of PFOS. This was because F-53B treatment disrupted the expression of more genes and led to lower cardiac differentiation efficiency. These findings imply that F-53B may not be a safe replacement for PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Xiaoxing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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12
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An overview of omics approaches to characterize the effect of perfluoroalkyl substances in environmental health. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Ko EB, Hwang KA, Choi KC. Prenatal toxicity of the environmental pollutants on neuronal and cardiac development derived from embryonic stem cells. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 90:15-23. [PMID: 31425785 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides, antibiotics, and industrial excipients are widely used in agriculture, medicine, and chemical industry, respectively. They often end up in the environment, not only being not easily decomposed but also being accumulated. Moreover, they may cause serious toxic problems such as reproductive and developmental defects, immunological toxicity, and carcinogenesis. Hence, they are called environmental pollutants. It is known that the environmental pollutants easily enter the body through various channels such as respiration, ingestion of food, and skin contact etc. in everyday life. If they enter the mother through the placenta, they can cause the disturbance in embryo development as well as malfunction of organs after birth because early prenatal developmental process is highly sensitive to toxic chemicals and stress. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that consist of inner cell mass of blastocyst differentiate into distinct cell lineages via three germ layers such as the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm due to their pluripotency. The differentiation process initiated from ESCs reflects dynamic nature of embryonic development. Therefore, ESCs have been used as a useful tool to investigate early developmental toxicities of a variety of stress. Based on relatively recent scientific results, this review would address toxicity of a few chemical substances that have been widely used as pesticide, antibiotics, and industrial excipient on ESCs based-prenatal developmental process. This review further suggests how they act on the viability of ESCs and/or early stages of cardiac and neuronal development derived from ESCs as well as on expression of pluripotency and/or differentiation markers through diverse mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eul-Bee Ko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Zang R, Xin X, Zhang F, Li D, Yang ST. An engineered mouse embryonic stem cell model with survivin as a molecular marker and EGFP as the reporter for high throughput screening of embryotoxic chemicals in vitro. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1656-1668. [PMID: 30934112 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell test (EST) is the only generally accepted in vitro method for assessing embryotoxicity without animal sacrifice. However, the implementation and application of EST for regulatory embryotoxicity screening are impeded by its technical complexity, long testing period, and limited endpoint data. In this study, a high throughput embryotoxicity screening based on mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) driven by a human survivin promoter and a human cytomegalovirus promoter, respectively, was developed. These EGFP expressing mESCs were cultured in three-dimensional (3D) fibrous scaffolds in microbioreactors on a multiwell plate with EGFP fluorescence signals as cell responses to chemicals monitored noninvasively in a high throughput manner. Nine chemicals with known developmental toxicity were used to validate the survivin-based embryotoxicity assay, which showed that strongly embryotoxic compounds such as 5-fluorouracil, retinoic acid, and methotrexate downregulated survivin expression by more than 50% in 3 days, while weakly embryotoxic compounds such as boric acid, methoxyacetic acid, and tetracyclin showed modest downregulation effect and nonembryotoxic saccharin, penicillin G, and acrylamide had negligible downregulation effect on survivin expression, confirming that survivin can be used as a molecular endpoint for high throughput screening of embryotoxicants. The potential developmental toxicity of three Chinese herbal medicines were also evaluated using this assay, demonstrating its application in in vitro developmental toxicity test for drug safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xin Xin
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Fengli Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ding Li
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio
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15
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Zhou R, Cheng W, Feng Y, Wei H, Liang F, Wang Y. Interactions between three typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in binary mixtures exposure on myocardial differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 178:378-383. [PMID: 28340460 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, various kinds of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been detected in human blood and urine. Thus, it was important to investigate the combined toxicity effect of EDCs. In the present study, we evaluated the individual and combined developmental toxicities of three classic EDCs: perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and bisphenol A (BPA) by embryonic stem cell test (EST). The similarities and differences between combination of same chemical group as well as different chemical groups were investigated in this research. Our results showed that the three compounds were all classified as weak embryotoxicity. The results of co-exposure revealed that there was synergistic action in combination of PFOS and BPA on myocardial differentiation. However, in all endpoints, the combined effects between PFOA with PFOS or BPA were both additive action. Therefore, we concluded that the additive effects were found in most different EDC mixtures whether they had similar structure or not. On the other hand, synergistic action was observed in a mixture of EDCs that belonged to a different chemical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Zhou
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
| | - Wei Cheng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yan Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Hongying Wei
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Fan Liang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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16
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Tang LL, Wang JD, Xu TT, Zhao Z, Zheng JJ, Ge RS, Zhu DY. Mitochondrial toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate in mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Toxicology 2017; 382:108-116. [PMID: 28288859 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic contaminant that may cause cardiotoxicity in animals and humans. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism by which it affects the organelle toxicity in cardiomyocytes during the cardiogenesis. Our previous proteomic study showed that differences of protein expression mainly existed in mitochondria of cardiomyocytes differentiated from embryonic stem (ES) cells after exposure to PFOS. Here, we focused on mitochondrial toxicity of PFOS in ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes. The cardiomyogenesis from ES cells in vitro was inhibited, and the expression of L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) was decreased to interrupt [Ca2+]c transient amplitude in cardiomyocytes after PFOS treatment. Transmission electron microscope revealed that swollen mitochondrion with vacuole in PFOS-treated cells. Meanwhile, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) was declined and ATP production was lowered. These changes were related to the increased EGFR phosphorylation, activated Rictor signaling, then mediated HK2 binding to mitochondrial membrane. Furthermore, PFOS reduced the interaction of IP3R-Grp75-VDAC and accumulated intracellular fatty acids by activating Rictor, thereby attenuating PGC-1α and Mfn2 expressions, then destroying mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM), which resulted in the decrease of [Ca2+]mito transient amplitude triggered by ATP. In conclusion, mitochondrial structure damages and abnormal Ca2+ shuttle were the important aspects in PFOS-induced cardiomyocytes toxicity from ES cells by activating Rictor signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Tang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Jia-Dan Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Undergraduate Students in Research Training Project at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Jie Zheng
- Undergraduate Students in Research Training Project at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- The Population Council at the Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Institute of Reproductive Biomedicine, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Dan-Yan Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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17
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Suman S, Mishra S, Shukla Y. Toxicoproteomics in human health and disease: an update. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:1073-1089. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1252676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Suman
- Proteomics and Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Lucknow, India
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Proteomics and Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Lucknow, India
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Proteomics and Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Lucknow, India
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