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Ye Y, Gaugler B, Mohty M, Malard F. Old dog, new trick: Trivalent arsenic as an immunomodulatory drug. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2199-2214. [PMID: 32022256 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trivalent arsenic (As(III)) is recently found to be an immunomodulatory agent. As(III) has therapeutic potential in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in vivo. In vitro, it selectively induces apoptosis of immune cells due to different sensitivity. At a non-toxic level, As(III) shows its multifaceted nature by inducing either pro- or anti-inflammatory functions of immune subsets. These effects are exerted by either As(III)-protein interactions or as a consequence of As(III)-induced homeostasis imbalance. The immunomodulatory properties also show synergistic effects of As(III) with cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the immunomodulatory effects of As(III), focusing on the effects of As(III) on immune subsets in vitro, on mouse models of immune-related diseases, and the role of As(III) in cancer immunotherapy. Updates of the mechanisms of action, the pioneer clinical trials, dosing, and adverse events of therapeutic As(III) are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Ye
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Béatrice Gaugler
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Florent Malard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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García-Mendoza D, Han B, van den Berg HJHJ, van den Brink NW. Cell-specific immune-modulation of cadmium on murine macrophages and mast cell lines in vitro. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:992-1001. [PMID: 30828855 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Toxic trace metals are widespread contaminants that are potentially immunotoxic even at environmentally low exposure levels. They can modulate the immunity to infections, e.g., in wildlife species living in contaminated areas. The diverse immune cell types can be differentially affected by the exposure leading to the modulation of specific protective mechanisms. Macrophages and mast cells, part of the innate immune system, trigger immune responses and perform particular effector functions. The present study compared toxicological and functional effects of cadmium in two models of murine macrophages (RAW264.7 and NR8383 cell lines) and two models of murine mast cells (MC/9 and RBL-2H3 cell lines). Cadmium was selected as a model compound because its known potential to induce reactive oxygen species and its relevance as an environmental contaminant. Mechanisms of toxicity, such as redox imbalance and apoptosis induction were measured in stationary cells, while functional outcome effects were measured in activated cells. Cadmium-depleted glutathione antioxidant in all four cell lines tested although reactive oxygen species was not significantly increased. Mast cells had full dose-response depletion of glutathione below cytotoxic levels while in macrophages the depletion was not complete. Functional endpoints tumour necrosis factor-alpha and nitrite production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages were increased by cadmium exposure. In contrast, mast cell lipopolysaccharide-induced tumour necrosis factor-alpha and IgE-mediated histamine release were reduced by cadmium. These data indicate potentially differential effects of cadmium among murine innate immune cell types, where mast cells would be more susceptible to oxidative stress and their function might be at a higher risk to be modulated compared to macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego García-Mendoza
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Biyao Han
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J H J van den Berg
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico W van den Brink
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Shim JK, Kennedy RH, Weatherly LM, Abovian AV, Hashmi HN, Rajaei A, Gosse JA. Searching for tryptase in the RBL-2H3 mast cell model: Preparation for comparative mast cell toxicology studies with zebrafish. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:473-484. [PMID: 30374992 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells comprise a physiologically and toxicologically important cell type that is ubiquitous among species and tissues. Mast cells undergo degranulation, in which characteristic intracellular granules fuse with the plasma membrane and release many bioactive substances, such as enzymes β-hexosaminidase and tryptase. Activity of mast cells in the toxicology model organism, zebrafish, has been monitored via tryptase release and cleavage of substrate N-α-benzoyl-dl-Arg-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA). An extensively used in vitro mast cell model for studying toxicant mechanisms is the RBL-2H3 cell line. However, instead of tryptase, granule contents such as β-hexosaminidase have usually been employed as RBL-2H3 degranulation markers. To align RBL-2H3 cell toxicological studies to in vivo mast cell studies using zebrafish, we aimed to develop an RBL-2H3 tryptase assay. Unexpectedly, we discovered that tryptase release from RBL-2H3 cells is not detectable, using BAPNA substrate, despite optimized assay that can detect as little as 1 ng tryptase. Additional studies performed with another substrate, tosyl-Gly-Pro-Lys-pNA, and with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, revealed a lack of tryptase protein released from stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. Furthermore, none of the eight rat tryptase genes (Tpsb2, Tpsab1, Tpsg1, Prss34, Gzmk, Gzma, Prss29, Prss41) is expressed in RBL-2H3 cells, even though all are found in RBL-2H3 genomic DNA and even though β-hexosaminidase mRNA is constitutively expressed. Therefore, mast cell researchers should utilize β-hexosaminidase or another reliable marker for RBL-2H3 degranulation studies, not tryptase. Comparative toxicity testing in RBL-2H3 cells in vitro and in zebrafish mast cells in vivo will require use of a degranulation reporter different from tryptase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung K Shim
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Rachel H Kennedy
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Lisa M Weatherly
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Andrew V Abovian
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Hina N Hashmi
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Atefeh Rajaei
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Julie A Gosse
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
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Buyanravjikh S, Han S, Lee S, Jeong AL, Ka HI, Park JY, Boldbaatar A, Lim JS, Lee MS, Yang Y. Cryptotanshinone inhibits IgE‑mediated degranulation through inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase and tyrosine‑protein kinase phosphorylation in mast cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1095-1103. [PMID: 29845271 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a type of chronic skin inflammation and one of the most common relapsing allergic diseases, which presents with a severe rash and itchy skin lesions. The pathogenesis of AD is primarily associated with hyper‑activated mast cells, which makes them an effective treatment target. After cross‑linking the antigen/immunoglobulin (Ig) E complex binds to its high affinity receptor FcεRl on the surface of mast cells. The cells subsequently secrete excessive pro‑inflammatory mediators, including histamine and cytokines, which lead to pruritus and immune cell infiltration in the skin lesions. The present study screened natural compounds that have an inhibitory effect on IgE/antigen‑mediated secretory activity. It was revealed that cryptotanshinone (CRT), a natural compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, had inhibitory effects on the IgE/antigen complex. The underlying mechanism by which CRT exerted an anti‑allergy/inflammatory function was investigated using rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL) cells for degranulation assays and a 1‑chloro‑2,4‑dinitrobenzene (DNCB)‑induced AD Balb/c mouse model for in vivo study. CRT effectively mitigated the secretion of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‑α and interleukin 1β, as well as immune cell infiltration into skin lesions in a mouse model of AD‑like skin disease induced by dinitrochlorobenzene. The inhibitory effect of CRT on IgE‑mediated mast cell degranulation was mediated by the inhibition of tyrosine kinase‑dependent degranulation signalling pathways involving spleen tyrosine kinase and Lyn. The present study revealed CRT as an inhibitor of mast cell degranulation. Therefore, CRT may be considered for development as a therapeutic drug to treat IgE‑mediated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sora Han
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyi Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Lee Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye In Ka
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Ariundavaa Boldbaatar
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Lim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Sok Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Yang
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence highlights the reality of unprecedented human exposure to toxic chemical agents found throughout our environment - in our food and water supply, in the air we breathe, in the products we apply to our skin, in the medical and dental materials placed into our bodies, and even within the confines of the womb. With biomonitoring confirming the widespread bioaccumulation of myriad toxicants among population groups, expanding research continues to explore the pathobiological impact of these agents on human metabolism. METHODS This review was prepared by assessing available medical and scientific literature from Medline as well as by reviewing several books, toxicology journals, government publications, and conference proceedings. The format of a traditional integrated review was chosen. RESULTS Toxicant exposure and accrual has been linked to numerous biochemical and pathophysiological mechanisms of harm. Some toxicants effect metabolic disruption via multiple mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS As a primary causative determinant of chronic disease, toxicant exposures induce metabolic disruption in myriad ways, which consequently result in varied clinical manifestations, which are then categorized by health providers into innumerable diagnoses. Chemical disruption of human metabolism has become an etiological determinant of much illness throughout the lifecycle, from neurodevelopmental abnormalities in-utero to dementia in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Genuis
- a Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada
| | - Edmond Kyrillos
- b Department of Family Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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