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Lee YB, Lim S, Lee Y, Park CH, Lee HJ. Green Chemistry for Crosslinking Biopolymers: Recent Advances in Riboflavin-Mediated Photochemistry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1218. [PMID: 36770225 PMCID: PMC9920339 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Riboflavin (RF), which is also known as vitamin B2, is a water-soluble vitamin. RF is a nontoxic and biocompatible natural substance. It absorbs light (at wavelengths of 380 and 450 nm) in the presence of oxygen to form reactive singlet oxygen (1O2). The generated singlet oxygen acts as a photoinitiator to induce the oxidation of biomolecules, such as amino acids, proteins, and nucleotides, or to initiate chemical reactions, such as the thiol-ene reaction and crosslinking of tyramine and furfuryl groups. In this review, we focus on the chemical mechanism and utilization of the photochemistry of RF, such as protein crosslinking and hydrogel formation. Currently, the crosslinking method using RF as a photoinitiator is actively employed in ophthalmic clinics. However, a significant broadening is expected in its range of applications, such as in tissue engineering and drug delivery.
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De Grandis RA, Costa AR, Moraes CAF, Sampaio NZ, Cerqueira IH, Marques WG, Guedes APM, de Araujo-Neto JH, Pavan FR, Demidoff FC, Netto CD, Batista AA, Resende FA. Novel Ru(II)-bipyridine/phenanthroline-lapachol complexes as potential anti-cancer agents. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 237:112005. [PMID: 36155170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, we herein report on the syntheses of two new Ru(II)/bipyridine/phenanthroline complexes containing lapachol as ligand: complex (1), [Ru (bipy)2(Lap)]PF6 and complex (2), [Ru(Lap)(phen)2]PF6, where bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine and ph en = 1,10-phenanthroline; Lap = lapachol (2-hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1- yl)naphthalene-1,4-dione). The complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductivity, mass spectrometry, ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectroscopies, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C), and single crystal X-ray diffraction, for complex (2). In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity was tested against six cancer cells: A549 (lung carcinoma); DU-145 (human prostate carcinoma); HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), PC-3 (human prostate adenocarcinoma); MDA-MB-231 (human breast adenocarcinoma); Caco-2 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma), and against two non-cancer cells, FGH (human gingival normal fibroblasts) and PNT-2 (prostate epithelial cells). Complex (1) was slightly more toxic and selective than complex (2) for all cell lines, except against the A549 cells, where (2) was more potent than complex (1). The complexes induced an increase in the reactive oxygen species, and the co-treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine remarkably suppressed the ROS generation and prevented the reduction of cell viability, suggesting that the cytotoxicity of the complexes is related to the ROS-mediated pathway. Further studies indicated that the complexes may bind to DNA via minor groove interaction. Our studies also revealed that free Lap induces gene mutations in Salmonella Typhimurium, nevertheless, the complexes demonstrated the absence of genotoxicity by the Ames test. The present study provides a relevant contribution to understanding the anti-cancer potential and genetic toxicological events of new ruthenium complexes containing the lapachol molecule as a ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rone Aparecido De Grandis
- UNIARA - University of Araraquara, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil; UFSCar - Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Chemistry, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Analu Rocha Costa
- UFSCar - Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Chemistry, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Zaneti Sampaio
- UNIARA - University of Araraquara, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Henrique Cerqueira
- UNIARA - University of Araraquara, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wellington Garcia Marques
- UNIARA - University of Araraquara, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Chaquip Daher Netto
- UFRJ - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Chemistry, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alzir Azevedo Batista
- UFSCar - Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Chemistry, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Aparecida Resende
- UNIARA - University of Araraquara, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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The Antitumor and Toxicity Effects of Ruthenium(II) Complexes on Heterotopic Murine Colon Carcinoma Model. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2022-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the antitumor and toxicity effects of ruthenium(II) complexes, [Ru(Cltpy)(en)Cl][Cl] (Ru-1) and [Ru(Cl-tpy)(dach)Cl][Cl] (Ru-2) on heterotopic murine colon carcinoma model.
For tumor induction, 1×106 CT26 cells suspended in 100 μl of DMEM were injected subcutaneously into flank of male BALB/c mice. Treatment groups were as follows: Ru-1, Ru-2, oxaliplatin and control (saline). The intraperitoneal administration of the tested complexes began on 6th day after CT26 cells inoculation. Each complex was administered at dose of 5 mg/kg, twice weekly, four doses in total. To assess toxicity, serum values of urea, creatinine, AST and ALT were determined and histopathological analysis of organs and tumor were performed. In order to assess the effects of Ru(II) complexes on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system, we determined the TBARS, GSH, SOD and CAT in the homogenate of tumor, heart, liver, lungs and kidney tissues.
The findings indicate that Ru-1 and Ru-2 exerts equal or better antitumor activity in comparison with oxaliplatin, but with pronounced toxic effects such as reduced survival rate, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. The increased index of lipid peroxidation in the tissues of the kidneys and heart, but decreased in tumor tissue, after Ru(II) complexes administration, indicates the importance of the induction of oxidative stress as a possible mechanism of nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, but not the mechanism by which they realize antitumor activity.
Additional studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of antitumor activity and toxicity of the Ru(II) complexes.
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Lovison D, Alessi D, Allegri L, Baldan F, Ballico M, Damante G, Galasso M, Guardavaccaro D, Ruggieri S, Melchior A, Veclani D, Nardon C, Baratta W. Enantioselective Cytotoxicity of Chiral Diphosphine Ruthenium(II) Complexes Against Cancer Cells. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200200. [PMID: 35394095 PMCID: PMC9322675 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The chiral cationic complex [Ru(η1‐OAc)(CO)((R,R)‐Skewphos)(phen)]OAc (2R), isolated from reaction of [Ru(η1‐OAc)(η2‐OAc)(R,R)‐Skewphos)(CO)] (1R) with phen, reacts with NaOPiv and KSAc affording [RuX(CO)((R,R)‐Skewphos)(phen)]Y (X=Y=OPiv 3R; X=SAc, Y=OAc 4R). The corresponding enantiomers 2S‐4S have been obtained from 1S containing (S,S)‐Skewphos. Reaction of 2R and 2S with (S)‐cysteine and NaPF6 at pH=9 gives the diastereoisomers [Ru((S)‐Cys)(CO)(PP)(phen)]PF6 (PP=(R,R)‐Skewphos 2R‐Cys; (S,S)‐Skewphos 2S‐Cys). The DFT energetic profile for 2R with (S)‐cysteine in H2O indicates that aquo and hydroxo species are involved in formation of 2R‐Cys. The stability of the ruthenium complexes in 0.9 % w/v NaCl solution, PBS and complete DMEM medium, as well as their n‐octanol/water partition coefficient (logP), have been evaluated. The chiral complexes show high cytotoxic activity against SW1736, 8505 C, HCT‐116 and A549 cell lines with EC50 values of 2.8–0.04 μM. The (R,R)‐Skewphos derivatives show higher cytotoxicity compared to their enantiomers, 4R (EC50=0.04 μM) being 14 times more cytotoxic than 4S against the anaplastic thyroid cancer 8505 C cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lovison
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali Università di Udine Via Cotonificio 108 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Dario Alessi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali Università di Udine Via Cotonificio 108 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Lorenzo Allegri
- Dipartimento di Area Medica - Istituto di Genetica Medica Università di Udine Via Chiusaforte, F3 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Federica Baldan
- Dipartimento di Area Medica - Istituto di Genetica Medica Università di Udine Via Chiusaforte, F3 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Maurizio Ballico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali Università di Udine Via Cotonificio 108 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Dipartimento di Area Medica - Istituto di Genetica Medica Università di Udine Via Chiusaforte, F3 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Marilisa Galasso
- Centro di Ricerca LURM Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Medica Università di Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi P.L.A. Scuro 10 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Daniele Guardavaccaro
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Università di Verona Strada Le Grazie, 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Silvia Ruggieri
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Università di Verona Strada Le Grazie, 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Andrea Melchior
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura Università di Udine Via Cotonificio 108 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Daniele Veclani
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura Università di Udine Via Cotonificio 108 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Chiara Nardon
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Università di Verona Strada Le Grazie, 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Walter Baratta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali Università di Udine Via Cotonificio 108 33100 Udine Italy
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Pete S, Roy N, Kar B, Paira P. Construction of homo and heteronuclear Ru(II), Ir(III) and Re(I) complexes for target specific cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Lovison D, Allegri L, Baldan F, Ballico M, Damante G, Jandl C, Baratta W. Cationic carboxylate and thioacetate ruthenium(ii) complexes: synthesis and cytotoxic activity against anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:8375-8388. [PMID: 32520028 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01390k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The cationic acetate ruthenium complex [Ru(η1-OAc)(CO)(dppb)(phen)]OAc (1) is easily prepared in 83% yield from [Ru(η1-OAc)(η2-OAc)(CO)(dppb)] (dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) in MeOH. The derivative 1 undergoes easy substitution of the coordinated acetate by reaction with NaOPiv, KSAc, and KSCN in MeOH, affording the corresponding complexes [RuX(CO)(dppb)(phen)]X (X = OPiv, 2; SAc, 3; and NCS, 4), whereas its reaction with NaCl and NH4PF6 affords [RuCl(CO)(dppb)(phen)]PF6 (5). Carboxylate complexes 1 and 2 show high solubility in water, enabling easy exchange of the coordinated carboxylate by water and other ligands (CH3CN, glutathione). Cationic complexes 1-5, compared to Cisplatin, display a strong cell viability decrease in two human anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines (SW1736 and 8505C), ranging from 3.10 μM to 0.09 μM EC50 values. The most active compounds 1-3 show a marked increment of apoptosis and decrease of cancer cell aggressiveness, making them promising candidates for further evaluation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lovison
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
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Sudhindra P, Ajay Sharma S, Roy N, Moharana P, Paira P. Recent advances in cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and mechanism of action of ruthenium metallodrugs: A review. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Oliveira VC, Naves MPC, de Morais CR, Constante SAR, Orsolin PC, Alves BS, Rinaldi Neto F, da Silva LHD, de Oliveira LTS, Ferreira NH, Esperandim TR, Cunha WR, Tavares DC, Spanó MA. Betulinic acid modulates urethane-induced genotoxicity and mutagenicity in mice and Drosophila melanogaster. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Giboulot S, Comuzzi C, Del Zotto A, Figliolia R, Lippe G, Lovison D, Strazzolini P, Susmel S, Zangrando E, Zuccaccia D, Baldino S, Ballico M, Baratta W. Preparation of monocarbonyl ruthenium complexes bearing bidentate nitrogen and phosphine ligands and their catalytic activity in carbonyl compound reduction. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:12560-12576. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02616a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel monocarbonyl ruthenium catalysts containing bidentate dinitrogen or/and diphosphine ligands are easily obtained through a general and straightforward approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Giboulot
- Dipartimento DI4A – Università di Udine
- I-33100 Udine
- Italy
- Johnson Matthey
- UK
| | - Clara Comuzzi
- Dipartimento DI4A – Università di Udine
- I-33100 Udine
- Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanna Lippe
- Dipartimento DI4A – Università di Udine
- I-33100 Udine
- Italy
| | - Denise Lovison
- Dipartimento DI4A – Università di Udine
- I-33100 Udine
- Italy
| | | | - Sabina Susmel
- Dipartimento DI4A – Università di Udine
- I-33100 Udine
- Italy
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Trieste
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Baldino
- Dipartimento DI4A – Università di Udine
- I-33100 Udine
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Torino
| | | | - Walter Baratta
- Dipartimento DI4A – Università di Udine
- I-33100 Udine
- Italy
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