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Wang X, Li L, Liu T, Shi Y. More than nutrition: Therapeutic potential and mechanism of human milk oligosaccharides against necrotizing enterocolitis. Life Sci 2024; 339:122420. [PMID: 38218534 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Human milk is the most valuable source of nutrition for infants. The structure and function of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are key components of human milk, have long been attracting particular research interest. Several recent studies have found HMOs to be efficacious in the prevention and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Additionally, they could be developed in the future as non-invasive predictive markers for NEC. Based on previous findings and the well-defined functions of HMOs, we summarize potential protective mechanisms of HMOs against neonatal NEC, which include: modulating signal receptor function, promoting intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, reducing apoptosis, restoring intestinal blood perfusion, regulating microbial prosperity, and alleviating intestinal inflammation. HMOs supplementation has been demonstrated to be protective against NEC in both animal studies and clinical observations. This calls for mass production and use of HMOs in infant formula, necessitating more research into the safety of industrially produced HMOs and the appropriate dosage in infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Tianjing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Yongyan Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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Sun W, Tao L, Qian C, Xue P, Tong X, Yang L, Lu F, Wan H, Tao Y. Human milk oligosaccharides and the association with microbiota in colostrum: a pilot study. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:58. [PMID: 38191870 PMCID: PMC10774193 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
HMOs (Human milk oligosaccharide) has an impact on maternal and infant health. Colostrum samples of 70 breastfeeding women in China were collected and recorded clinical characteristics. The major oligosaccharides and microbiota were quantitated in colostrum. The concentration of fucosylated HMOs in primipara was higher than that of multipara (p = 0.030). The concentration of N-acetylated HMOs in vaginal delivery milk was less than that of cesarean (p = 0.038). Non-fucosylated HMOs of breastfeeding women were less than that of breast pump (p = 0.038). Meanwhile, the concentration of LNT was positively correlated with Lactobacillus (r = 0.250, p = 0.037). DS-LNT was negatively correlated with Staphylococcus (r = - 0.240, p = 0.045). There was a positive correlation of Streptococcus with LNFP II (r = 0.314, p = 0.011) and 3-SL (r = 0.322, p = 0.009). In addition, there was a negative correlation between 2'-FL and 3-FL (r = - 0.465, p = 0.001). There was a positive correlation between LNT and LNnT (r = 0.778, p = 0.001). Therefore, the concentration of HMOs is related to number of deliveries, delivery mode, lactation mode and perinatal antibiotic. The concentration of HMOs is related to Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Streptococcus in colostrum. In addition, there are connections between different oligosaccharides in content. The study protocol was also registered in the ClinicalTrails.gov (ChiCTR2200064454) (Oct. 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Peipei Xue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Xiankun Tong
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Hua Wan
- Department of Breast, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yingna Tao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.
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Lan W, Wang X, Kong X, Nie C. In‐depth study of the heme‐binding ability to five heavy metals: Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, and As. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Lan
- School of Public Health Xiangnan University Chenzhou Hunan China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Public Health Xiangnan University Chenzhou Hunan China
| | - Xianghe Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Changming Nie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of South China Hengyang China
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Phipps KR, Lozon D, Stannard DR, Gilby B, Baldwin N, Mikš MH, Lau A, Röhrig CH. Neonatal subchronic toxicity and in vitro genotoxicity studies of the human-identical milk oligosaccharide 3-fucosyllactose. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1671-1687. [PMID: 35510931 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides, such as 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), are bioactive components of breast milk associated with benefits for infant growth and development. Structurally identical compounds (human-identical milk oligosaccharides - HiMOs) can be produced using microbial fermentation, allowing their use in infant formula to increase its similarity with human milk. Toxicological studies are required to demonstrate safety of HiMOs and that of any impurities potentially carried over from the manufacturing process. Biotechnologically produced 3-FL was tested for potential genotoxicity (bacterial reverse mutation test and in vitro mammalian micronucleus test) and subchronic toxicity (90-day study with neonatal rats). In the 90-day study, 3-FL was administered by gavage to rats once daily from Day 7 of age, at doses up to 4000 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day (the maximum feasible dose), followed by a 4-week recovery period. Reference controls received 4000 mg/kg bw/day of oligofructose, an ingredient permitted for use in infant formula. Results for the genotoxicity studies were negative. In the 90-day study, there were no adverse effects of 3-FL on any of the parameters measured; thus, the no-observed-adverse-effect level was 4000 mg/kg bw/day (the highest dose tested). These results support the safety of biotechnologically produced 3-FL for use in infant formula and other foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dayna Lozon
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diane R Stannard
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited (formerly Covance Laboratories Limited), Eye, Suffolk, UK
| | - Ben Gilby
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited (formerly Covance Laboratories Limited), Woolley Road, Alconbury, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | - Marta Hanna Mikš
- Glycom A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark.,University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Food Science, Olsztyn, Poland
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Zhong R, Gao L, Chen Z, Yuan S, Chen X, Zhao C. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of fucosylated oligosaccharides using Thermosynechococcus α1-2-fucosyltransferase and their application in the regulation of intestinal microbiota. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100152. [PMID: 34816119 PMCID: PMC8593560 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bacterial α 1-2-fucosyltransferase (α 2FT) from Thermosynechococcus sp. NK55a (Ts2FT) has been discovered and characterized. It shares 28-62% protein sequence homology to α 2FTs reported previously. The Ts2FT was cloned as an N-terminal His6-tagged recombinant protein (His6-Ts2FT) and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). It was expressed at a level of 6.2 mg/L culture after induction with 0.05 mM of isopropylβ-d-1-thiogalactoside (IPTG) at 16 °C for 20 h. It showed the optimal activity at a reaction temperature of 40 °C and pH of 7.0. The presence of a Mg2+ improved its catalytic efficiency. Ts2FT displayed a strict acceptor specificity and could recognize only β1-3-galatoside acceptors. It was used efficiently for one-pot multienzyme synthesis of fucosylated oligosaccharides. One of the products, lacto-N-fucopentaose I was shown to promote the growth of intestinal probiotics including those belonging to Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Chloroflexi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruting Zhong
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Luying Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zhengxin Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sinan Yuan
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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