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Yeung AWK, AlHadidi A, Vyas R, Bornstein MM, Watanabe H, Tanaka R. Nonionizing diagnostic imaging modalities for visualizing health and pathology of periodontal and peri-implant tissues. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38951932 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Radiographic examination has been an essential part of the diagnostic workflow in periodontology and implant dentistry. However, radiographic examination unavoidably involves ionizing radiation and its associated risks. Clinicians and researchers have invested considerable efforts in assessing the feasibility and capability of utilizing nonionizing imaging modalities to replace traditional radiographic imaging. Two such modalities have been extensively evaluated in clinical settings, namely, ultrasonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Another modality, optical coherence tomography (OCT), has been under investigation more recently. This review aims to provide an overview of the literature and summarize the usage of USG, MRI, and OCT in evaluating health and pathology of periodontal and peri-implant tissues. Clinical studies have shown that USG could accurately measure gingival height and crestal bone level, and classify furcation involvement. Due to physical constraints, USG may be more applicable to the buccal surfaces of the dentition even with an intra-oral probe. Clinical studies have also shown that MRI could visualize the degree of soft-tissue inflammation and osseous edema, the extent of bone loss at furcation involvement sites, and periodontal bone level. However, there was a lack of clinical studies on the evaluation of peri-implant tissues by MRI. Moreover, an MRI machine is very expensive, occupies much space, and requires more time than cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) or intraoral radiographs to complete a scan. The feasibility of OCT to evaluate periodontal and peri-implant tissues remains to be elucidated, as there are only preclinical studies at the moment. A major shortcoming of OCT is that it may not reach the bottom of the periodontal pocket, particularly for inflammatory conditions, due to the absorption of near-infrared light by hemoglobin. Until future technological breakthroughs finally overcome the limitations of USG, MRI and OCT, the practical imaging modalities for routine diagnostics of periodontal and peri-implant tissues remain to be plain radiographs and CBCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Abeer AlHadidi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rutvi Vyas
- University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael M Bornstein
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Dental Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Restitution, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ray Tanaka
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Jacobs R, Fontenele RC, Lahoud P, Shujaat S, Bornstein MM. Radiographic diagnosis of periodontal diseases - Current evidence versus innovations. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38831570 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of periodontal and peri-implant diseases relies significantly on radiographic examination, especially for assessing alveolar bone levels, bone defect morphology, and bone quality. This narrative review aimed to comprehensively outline the current state-of-the-art in radiographic diagnosis of alveolar bone diseases, covering both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) modalities. Additionally, this review explores recent technological advances in periodontal imaging diagnosis, focusing on their potential integration into clinical practice. Clinical probing and intraoral radiography, while crucial, encounter limitations in effectively assessing complex periodontal bone defects. Recognizing these challenges, 3D imaging modalities, such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), have been explored for a more comprehensive understanding of periodontal structures. The significance of the radiographic assessment approach is evidenced by its ability to offer an objective and standardized means of evaluating hard tissues, reducing variability associated with manual clinical measurements and contributing to a more precise diagnosis of periodontal health. However, clinicians should be aware of challenges related to CBCT imaging assessment, including beam-hardening artifacts generated by the high-density materials present in the field of view, which might affect image quality. Integration of digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence-based tools in intraoral radiography software, the enhances the diagnostic process. The overarching recommendation is a judicious combination of CBCT and digital intraoral radiography for enhanced periodontal bone assessment. Therefore, it is crucial for clinicians to weigh the benefits against the risks associated with higher radiation exposure on a case-by-case basis, prioritizing patient safety and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rocharles Cavalcante Fontenele
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lahoud
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sohaib Shujaat
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael M Bornstein
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Saggu A, Maguluri G, Grimble J, Park J, Hasturk H, Iftimia N, Sima C. Raman microspectroscopy/micro-optical coherence tomography approach for chairside diagnosis of periodontal diseases: A pilot study. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1929-1939. [PMID: 35357007 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our objective was to develop and test a combined Raman microspectroscopy (RMS) and micro-optical coherence tomography (μOCT) approach for chairside quantification of gingival collagen, DNA, epithelium, and connective tissue. We hypothesized that a high-resolution RMS/μOCT can characterize healthy and inflamed periodontal tissues for diagnosis and disease activity monitoring. METHODS A prototype instrument was developed, tested ex vivo on gingival specimens and optimized for in vivo intraoral use. The primary outcome measures were the ratios of oral epithelium to connective tissue thickness (OE:CT) and the amount of DNA to collagen type I (DNA/Col 1), and the thickness of sulcular epithelium (SE). For ex vivo testing, eight subjects with healthy periodontal tissues or with Stage II to IV periodontitis were included in the study and underwent crown-lengthening or periodontal surgical procedures, respectively. Gingival biopsies were scanned by RMS/μOCT and histometric analyses were performed. The proof-of-concept study included OE/CT, DNA/Col 1, and SE assessed in six volunteers with or without signs of gingival inflammation (n = 3/group). RESULTS The spatially co-registered RMS spectra revealed opposing changes in the collagen and DNA peaks of inflamed compared with healthy tissues (P <0.05). Combined RMS/μOCT analysis showed that OE/CT, DNA/Col, and SE are significantly different between healthy and inflamed sites (P <0.05). Histological assessments confirmed the differences detected by RMS/μOCT. Qualitative analysis of DNA/Col 1 ratios indicated Col I content as the main distinguishing feature for health and DNA content for periodontitis. CONCLUSION Results suggest that combined RMS/μOCT chairside imaging may distinguish between healthy and diseased sites by evaluating marginal periodontal morphological and biochemical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Saggu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Hatice Hasturk
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Corneliu Sima
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
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4
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Kim SH, Kim J, Yang S, Oh SH, Lee SP, Yang HJ, Kim TI, Yi WJ. Automatic and quantitative measurement of alveolar bone level in OCT images using deep learning. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:5468-5482. [PMID: 36425614 PMCID: PMC9664875 DOI: 10.1364/boe.468212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method to automatically segment the periodontal structures of the tooth enamel and the alveolar bone using convolutional neural network (CNN) and to measure quantitatively and automatically the alveolar bone level (ABL) by detecting the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The tooth enamel and the alveolar bone regions were automatically segmented using U-Net, Dense-UNet, and U2-Net, and the ABL was quantitatively measured as the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest using image processing. The mean distance difference (MDD) measured by our suggested method ranged from 0.19 to 0.22 mm for the alveolar bone crest (ABC) and from 0.18 to 0.32 mm for the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). All CNN models showed the mean absolute error (MAE) of less than 0.25 mm in the x and y coordinates and greater than 90% successful detection rate (SDR) at 0.5 mm for both the ABC and the CEJ. The CNN models showed high segmentation accuracies in the tooth enamel and the alveolar bone regions, and the ABL measurements at the incisors by detected results from CNN predictions demonstrated high correlation and reliability with the ground truth in OCT images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sul-Hee Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- These authors contributed equally as the first author
| | - Jin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- These authors contributed equally as the first author
| | - Su Yang
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Oh
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Pyo Lee
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Joo Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jin Yi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
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5
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Le N, Lu J, Tang P, Chung KH, Subhash H, Kilpatrick-Liverman L, Wang RK. Intraoral optical coherence tomography and angiography combined with autofluorescence for dental assessment. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:3629-3646. [PMID: 35781964 PMCID: PMC9208603 DOI: 10.1364/boe.460575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
There remains a clinical need for an accurate and non-invasive imaging tool for intraoral evaluation of dental conditions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a potential candidate to meet this need, but the design of current OCT systems limits their utility in the intraoral examinations. The inclusion of light-induced autofluorescence (LIAF) can expedite the image collection process and provides a large field of view for viewing the condition of oral tissues. This study describes a novel LIAF-OCT system equipped with a handheld probe designed for intraoral examination of microstructural (via OCT) and microvascular information (via OCT angiography, OCTA). The handheld probe is optimized for use in clinical studies, maintaining the ability to detect and image changes in the condition of oral tissue (e.g., hard tissue damage, presence of dental restorations, plaque, and tooth stains). The real-time LIAF provides guidance for OCT imaging to achieve a field of view of approximately 6.9 mm × 7.8 mm, and a penetration depth of 1.5 mm to 3 mm depending on the scattering property of the target oral tissue. We demonstrate that the proposed system is successful in capturing reliable depth-resolved images from occlusal and palatal surfaces and offers added design features that can enhance its usability in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhan Le
- Department of Bioengineering,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this
work
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Bioengineering,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this
work
| | - Peijun Tang
- Department of Bioengineering,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
| | - Kwok-Hung Chung
- Department of Restorative Dentistry,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
| | | | | | - Ruikang K. Wang
- Department of Bioengineering,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
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6
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Das A, Raposo GCC, Lopes DS, da Silva EJ, Carneiro VSM, Mota CCBDO, Amaral MM, Zezell DM, Barbosa-Silva R, Gomes ASL. Exploiting Nanomaterials for Optical Coherence Tomography and Photoacoustic Imaging in Nanodentistry. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030506. [PMID: 35159853 PMCID: PMC8838952 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is already a societal awareness of the growing impact of nanoscience and nanotechnology, with nanomaterials (with at least one dimension less than 100 nm) now incorporated in items as diverse as mobile phones, clothes or dentifrices. In the healthcare area, nanoparticles of biocompatible materials have already been used for cancer treatment or bioimaging enhancement. Nanotechnology in dentistry, or nanodentistry, has already found some developments in dental nanomaterials for caries management, restorative dentistry and orthodontic adhesives. In this review, we present state-of-the-art scientific development in nanodentistry with an emphasis on two imaging techniques exploiting nanomaterials: optical coherence tomography (OCT) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI). Examples will be given using OCT with nanomaterials to enhance the acquired imaging, acting as optical clearing agents for OCT. A novel application of gold nanoparticles and nanorods for imaging enhancement of incipient occlusal caries using OCT will be described. Additionally, we will highlight how the OCT technique can be properly managed to provide imaging with spatial resolution down to 10's-100's nm resolution. For PAI, we will describe how new nanoparticles, namely TiN, prepared by femtosecond laser ablation, can be used in nanodentistry and will show photoacoustic microscopy and tomography images for such exogenous agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Das
- Physics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (R.B.-S.); (A.S.L.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gisele Cruz Camboim Raposo
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (G.C.C.R.); (E.J.d.S.)
| | - Daniela Siqueira Lopes
- Faculty of Dentistry, Campus Arcoverde, Universidade de Pernambuco, Arcoverde 56503-146, PE, Brazil;
| | - Evair Josino da Silva
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (G.C.C.R.); (E.J.d.S.)
| | | | | | - Marcello Magri Amaral
- Scientific and Technological Institute, Universidade Brasil, Fernandópolis 15600-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Denise Maria Zezell
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares IPEN—CNEN, São Paulo 05411-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Renato Barbosa-Silva
- Physics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (R.B.-S.); (A.S.L.G.)
| | - Anderson Stevens Leonidas Gomes
- Physics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (R.B.-S.); (A.S.L.G.)
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (G.C.C.R.); (E.J.d.S.)
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Surlin P, Didilescu AC, Lazar L, Arsenie CC, Camen A, Popescu DM, Gheorghe DN, Osiac E, Rogoveanu I. Evaluation Through the Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis of the Influence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on the Gingival Inflammation in Periodontal Patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2935-2942. [PMID: 34234491 PMCID: PMC8254560 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s310314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this ex vivo study is to exhibit the inflammatory changes that occur within the gingival tissue by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in periodontal patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and if NAFLD could influence the local periodontal inflammation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Gingival tissue samples obtained from patients were divided into three groups - P (periodontitis), NAFLD+P (NAFLD+periodontitis) and H (healthy) groups - and were scanned using an OCT light beam, in order to perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis of images. The value of average pixel density has been associated with the degree of inflammation. RESULTS The highest average pixel density was found in patients from the H group, while the lowest value of average pixel density was recorded in gingival tissue samples collected from patients with NAFLD+P. The image assessments from NAFLD+P group delivered lower values of average pixel density than those of P group, suggesting a possible influence of this disease on the inflammatory tissular changes produced by periodontal disease. CONCLUSION After comparing the OCT analysis results obtained for the three groups of patients, we can consider that NAFLD may be an aggravating factor for the inflammation of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Surlin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Andreea Cristiana Didilescu
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminita Lazar
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Cristian Cosmin Arsenie
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: Cristian Cosmin Arsenie Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş St., Craiova, 200349, RomaniaTel +40 351 443 557 Email
| | - Adrian Camen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Dora Maria Popescu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
- Dora Maria Popescu Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş St., Craiova, 200349, RomaniaTel +40 351 443 557 Email
| | - Dorin Nicolae Gheorghe
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Eugen Osiac
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ion Rogoveanu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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8
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Won J, Huang PC, Spillman DR, Chaney EJ, Adam R, Klukowska M, Barkalifa R, Boppart SA. Handheld optical coherence tomography for clinical assessment of dental plaque and gingiva. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200255R. [PMID: 33244918 PMCID: PMC7690845 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.11.116011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers high spatial resolution and contrast for imaging intraoral structures, yet few studies have investigated its clinical feasibility for dental plaque and gingiva imaging in vivo. Furthermore, the accessibility is often limited to anterior teeth due to bulky imaging systems and probes. AIM A custom-designed, handheld probe-based, spectral-domain OCT system with an interchangeable attachment was developed to assess dental plaque and gingival health in a clinical setting. APPROACH Healthy volunteers and subjects with gingivitis and sufficient plaque were recruited. The handheld OCT system was operated by trained dental hygienists to acquire images of dental plaque and gingiva at various locations and after one-week use of oral hygiene products. RESULTS The handheld OCT can access premolars, first molars, and lingual sides of teeth to visualize the plaque distribution. OCT intensity-based texture analysis revealed lower intensity from selected sites in subjects with gingivitis. The distribution of the dental plaque after one-week use of the oral hygiene products was compared, showing the capability of OCT as a longitudinal tracking tool. CONCLUSIONS OCT has a strong potential to display and assess dental plaque and gingiva in a clinical setting. Meanwhile, technological challenges remain to perform systematic longitudinal tracking and comparative analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Won
- University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Pin-Chieh Huang
- University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Darold R. Spillman
- University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Eric J. Chaney
- University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Ralf Adam
- Procter & Gamble Company, Clinical Operations, German Innovation Center, Kronberg, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Klukowska
- Procter & Gamble Company, Oral Health Science Center, Mason, Ohio, United States
| | - Ronit Barkalifa
- University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Carle Illinois College of Medicine Champaign, Illinois, United States
- Address correspondence to Stephen A. Boppart,
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9
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Wang G, Le NM, Hu X, Cheng Y, Jacques SL, Subhash H, Wang RK. Semi-automated registration and segmentation for gingival tissue volume measurement on 3D OCT images. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4536-4547. [PMID: 32923062 PMCID: PMC7449737 DOI: 10.1364/boe.396599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The change in gingival tissue volume may be used to indicate changes in gingival inflammation, which may be useful for the clinical assessment of gingival health. Properly quantifying gingival tissue volume requires a robust technique for accurate registration and segmentation of longitudinally captured 3-dimensional (3D) images. In this paper, a semi-automated registration and segmentation method for micrometer resolution measurement of gingival-tissue volume is proposed for 3D optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. For quantification, relative changes in gingiva tissue volume are measured based on changes in the gingiva surface height using the tooth surface as a reference. This report conducted repeatability tests on this method drawn from repeated scans in one patient, indicating an error of the point cloud registration method for oral OCT imaging is 63.08 ± 4.52µm (1σ), and the measurement error of the gingival tissue average thickness is -3.40 ± 21.85µm (1σ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Wang
- University of Washington, Department of
Bioengineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nhan Minh Le
- University of Washington, Department of
Bioengineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- University of Washington, Department of
Bioengineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yuxuan Cheng
- University of Washington, Department of
Bioengineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Steven L. Jacques
- University of Washington, Department of
Bioengineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hrebesh Subhash
- Clinical Method Development - Oral Care,
Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- University of Washington, Department of
Bioengineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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10
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Lai YC, Chiu CH, Cai ZQ, Lin JY, Yao CY, Lyu DY, Lee SY, Chen KW, Chen IY. OCT-Based Periodontal Inspection Framework. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E5496. [PMID: 31842494 PMCID: PMC6960521 DOI: 10.3390/s19245496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal diagnosis requires discovery of the relations among teeth, gingiva (i.e., gums), and alveolar bones, but alveolar bones are inside gingiva and not visible for inspection. Traditional probe examination causes pain, and X-ray based examination is not suited for frequent inspection. This work develops an automatic non-invasive periodontal inspection framework based on gum penetrative Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), which can be frequently applied without high radiation. We sum up interference responses of all penetration depths for all shooting directions respectively to form the shooting amplitude projection. Because the reaching interference strength decays exponentially with tissues' penetration depth, this projection mainly reveals the responses of the top most gingiva or teeth. Since gingiva and teeth have different air-tissue responses, the gumline, revealing itself as an obvious boundary between teeth and gingiva, is the basis line for periodontal inspection. Our system can also automatically identify regions of gingiva, teeth, and alveolar bones from slices of the cross-sectional volume. Although deep networks can successfully and possibly segment noisy maps, reducing the number of manually labeled maps for training is critical for our framework. In order to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of training and classification, we adjust Snake segmentation to consider neighboring slices in order to locate those regions possibly containing gingiva-teeth and gingiva-alveolar boundaries. Additionally, we also adapt a truncated direct logarithm based on the Snake-segmented region for intensity quantization to emphasize these boundaries for easier identification. Later, the alveolar-gingiva boundary point directly under the gumline is the desired alveolar sample, and we can measure the distance between the gumline and alveolar line for visualization and direct periodontal inspection. At the end, we experimentally verify our choice in intensity quantization and boundary identification against several other algorithms while applying the framework to locate gumline and alveolar line in vivo data successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Lai
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-H.C.); (Z.-Q.C.); (J.-Y.L.); (K.-W.C.); (I.-Y.C.)
| | - Chia-Hsing Chiu
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-H.C.); (Z.-Q.C.); (J.-Y.L.); (K.-W.C.); (I.-Y.C.)
| | - Zhong-Qi Cai
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-H.C.); (Z.-Q.C.); (J.-Y.L.); (K.-W.C.); (I.-Y.C.)
| | - Jin-Yang Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-H.C.); (Z.-Q.C.); (J.-Y.L.); (K.-W.C.); (I.-Y.C.)
| | - Chih-Yuan Yao
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-H.C.); (Z.-Q.C.); (J.-Y.L.); (K.-W.C.); (I.-Y.C.)
| | - Dong-Yuan Lyu
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Shyh-Yuan Lee
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (D.-Y.L.)
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 103, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-H.C.); (Z.-Q.C.); (J.-Y.L.); (K.-W.C.); (I.-Y.C.)
| | - I-Yu Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-H.C.); (Z.-Q.C.); (J.-Y.L.); (K.-W.C.); (I.-Y.C.)
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11
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Fernandes LO, Mota CCBDO, Oliveira HO, Neves JK, Santiago LM, Gomes ASL. Optical coherence tomography follow-up of patients treated from periodontal disease. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800209. [PMID: 30260081 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one of the most important imaging modalities for biophotonics applications. In this work, an important step towards the clinical use of OCT in dental practice is reported, by following-up patients treated from periodontal disease (PD). A total of 147 vestibular dental sites from 14 patients diagnosed with PD were evaluated prior and after treatment, using a swept-source OCT and two periodontal probes (Florida probe and North Carolina) for comparison. The evaluation was performed at four stages: day 0, day 30, day 60 and day 90. Exceptionally one patient was evaluated 1-year after treatment. It was possible to visualize in the two-dimensional images the architectural components that compose the periodontal anatomy, and identify the improvements in biofilm and dental calculus upon treatment. In the follow-up after the treatment, it was observed in some cases decrease of the gingival thickness associated with extinction of gingival calculus. In some cases, the improvement of both depth of probing with the traditional probes and the evidence in the images of the region was emphasized. The study evidenced the ability of OCT in the identification of periodontal structures and alterations, being an important noninvasive complement or even alternative for periodontal probes for treatment follow-up. OCT system being used in a clinical environment. Above OCT image (left) prior treatment and (right) 30 days after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana O Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Cláudia C B de O Mota
- Faculty of Dentistry, Associação Caruaruense de Ensino Superior e Técnico, Caruaru, Brazil
| | - Hugo O Oliveira
- Faculty of Dentistry, Associação Caruaruense de Ensino Superior e Técnico, Caruaru, Brazil
| | - José K Neves
- Faculty of Dentistry, Associação Caruaruense de Ensino Superior e Técnico, Caruaru, Brazil
| | - Leógenes M Santiago
- Faculty of Dentistry, Associação Caruaruense de Ensino Superior e Técnico, Caruaru, Brazil
| | - Anderson S L Gomes
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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12
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Evaluation of calculus imaging on root surfaces by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 25:275-279. [PMID: 30648636 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the ability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to display calculus on root surfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten teeth with calculus on the root surface were embedded in resin, omitting the root surface. A region of interest (ROI) was marked by small drill holes coronally and apically of the calculus and imaged by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography ([SD OCT], Telesto SP5, centre wavelength 1310 nm) and light microscopy (LM). To evaluate the impact of different fluids on calculus visualisation, using OCT, root surfaces were covered by a layer of NaCl and blood and displayed by OCT. Subsequently, teeth were completely covered with resin and sectioned for histological evaluation. Within the ROI, lengths of root surface and calculus were measured by LM and OCT, and the ratio [%] was calculated. In addition, at three sites of each ROI, agreement of presence and length of calculus was evaluated. Both methods were compared using Pearson's correlation. RESULTS Regarding the presence of calculus, agreement between LM and OCT was strong (κi = 0.783, p = 0.033), and measurements regarding the length of the calculus were strongly correlated (ri >0.906; pi <0.001). However, the values differed for dry (p = 0.023) and NaCl-covered root surfaces (p = 0.035). CONCLUSION Calculus on the root surface can be displayed by SD-OCT, which therefore may be suited as imaging technology for subgingival calculus in periodontal pockets.
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13
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Le NM, Song S, Zhou H, Xu J, Li Y, Sung CE, Sadr A, Chung KH, Subhash HM, Kilpatrick L, Wang RK. A noninvasive imaging and measurement using optical coherence tomography angiography for the assessment of gingiva: An in vivo study. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800242. [PMID: 30112807 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gingiva is the soft tissue that surrounds and protects the teeth. Healthy gingiva provides an effective barrier to periodontal insults to deeper tissue, thus is an important indicator to a patient's periodontal health. Current methods in assessing gingival tissue health, including visual observation and physical examination with probing on the gingiva, are qualitative and subjective. They may become cumbersome when more complex cases are involved, such as variations in gingival biotypes where feature and thickness of the gingiva are considered. A noninvasive imaging technique providing depth-resolved structural and vascular information is necessary for an improved assessment of gingival tissue and more accurate diagnosis of periodontal status. We propose a three-dimensional (3D) imaging technique, optical coherence tomography (OCT), to perform in situ imaging on human gingiva. Ten volunteers (five male, five female, age 25-35) were recruited; and the labial gingival tissues of upper incisors were scanned using the combined use of state-of-the-art swept-source OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA). Information was collected describing the 3D tissue microstructure and capillary vasculature of the gingiva within a penetration depth of up to 2 mm. Results indicate significant structural and vascular differences between the two extreme gingival biotypes (ie, thick and thin gingiva), and demonstrate special features of vascular arrangement and characteristics in gingival inflammation. Within the limit of this study, the OCT/OCTA technique is feasible in quantifying different attributes of gingival biotypes and the severity of gingival inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhan M Le
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shaozhen Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jingjiang Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yuandong Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cheng-En Sung
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alireza Sadr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kwok-Hung Chung
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hrebesh M Subhash
- Clinical Method Development - Oral Care, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Latonya Kilpatrick
- Clinical Method Development - Oral Care, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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14
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Ingendoh-Tsakmakidis A, Nolte L, Winkel A, Meyer H, Koroleva A, Shpichka A, Ripken T, Heisterkamp A, Stiesch M. Time resolved 3D live-cell imaging on implants. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205411. [PMID: 30304039 PMCID: PMC6179276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that two million new dental implants are inserted worldwide each year. Innovative implant materials are developed in order to minimize the risk of peri-implant inflammations. The broad range of material testing is conducted using standard 2D, terminal, and invasive methods. The methods that have been applied are not sufficient to monitor the whole implant surface and temporal progress. Therefore, we built a 3D peri-implant model using a cylindrical implant colonized by human gingival fibroblasts. In order to monitor the cell response over time, a non-toxic LIVE/DEAD staining was established and applied to the new 3D model. Our LIVE/DEAD staining method in combination with the time resolved 3D visualization using Scanning Laser Optical Tomography (SLOT), allowed us to monitor the cell death path along the implant in the 3D peri-implant model. The differentiation of living and dead gingival fibroblasts in response to toxicity was effectively supported by the LIVE/DEAD staining. Furthermore, it was possible to visualize the whole cell-colonized implant in 3D and up to 63 hours. This new methodology offers the opportunity to record the long-term cell response on external stress factors, along the dental implant and thus to evaluate the performance of novel materials/surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ingendoh-Tsakmakidis
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Lena Nolte
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Winkel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany
| | - Anastasia Koroleva
- Nanotechnology Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tammo Ripken
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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15
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Elashiry M, Meghil MM, Arce RM, Cutler CW. From manual periodontal probing to digital 3-D imaging to endoscopic capillaroscopy: Recent advances in periodontal disease diagnosis. J Periodontal Res 2018; 54:1-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Elashiry
- Department of Oral Biology; Augusta University; Augusta GA USA
- Department of Periodontics; The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University; Augusta GA USA
| | - M. M. Meghil
- Department of Oral Biology; Augusta University; Augusta GA USA
- Department of Periodontics; The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University; Augusta GA USA
| | - R. M. Arce
- Department of Periodontics; The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University; Augusta GA USA
| | - C. W. Cutler
- Department of Periodontics; The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University; Augusta GA USA
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16
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Kim S, Kang SR, Park HJ, Kim B, Kim TI, Yi WJ. Quantitative measurement of peri-implant bone defects using optical coherence tomography. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2018; 48:84-91. [PMID: 29770237 PMCID: PMC5944226 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2018.48.2.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to visualize and identify peri-implant bone defects in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and to obtain quantitative measurements of the defect depth. Methods Dehiscence defects were intentionally formed in porcine mandibles and implants were simultaneously placed without flap elevation. Only the threads of the fixture could be seen at the bone defect site in the OCT images, so the depth of the peri-implant bone defect could be measured through the length of the visible threads. To analyze the reliability of the OCT measurements, the flaps were elevated and the depth of the dehiscence defects was measured with a digital caliper. Results The average defect depth measured by a digital caliper was 4.88±1.28 mm, and the corresponding OCT measurement was 5.11±1.33 mm. Very thin bone areas that were sufficiently transparent in the coronal portion were penetrated by the optical beam in OCT imaging and regarded as bone loss. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the 2 methods was high, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) close to 1. In the Bland-Altman analysis, most measured values were within the threshold of the 95% CI, suggesting close agreement of the OCT measurements with the caliper measurements. Conclusions OCT images can be used to visualize the peri-implant bone level and to identify bone defects. The potential of quantitative non-invasive measurements of the amount of bone loss was also confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulhee Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Ryong Kang
- Department of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Park
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Korea
| | - Bome Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Jin Yi
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Kakizaki S, Aoki A, Tsubokawa M, Lin T, Mizutani K, Koshy G, Sadr A, Oda S, Sumi Y, Izumi Y. Observation and determination of periodontal tissue profile using optical coherence tomography. J Periodontal Res 2017; 53:188-199. [PMID: 29063599 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Diagnosis is a crucial step in periodontal treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for observation and determination of periodontal tissue profiles in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS In experiment 1, refractive indices of purified water, porcine gingiva and human gingiva at 1330 nm were determined for the analysis of OCT images of periodontal tissues. In experiment 2, OCT examination was performed in the midlabial apico-coronal plane of mandibular anteriors in 30 Asian volunteers with healthy gingiva. Sulcus depth was measured on intra-oral photographs taken during probing. In the OCT images, the gingival, epithelial and connective tissue thickness, and the position of alveolar bone crest were determined and finally, the biologic width was measured. RESULTS Refractive indices of purified water, porcine gingiva and human gingiva were 1.335, 1.393 and 1.397, respectively. Cross-sectional images of gingival epithelium, connective tissue and alveolar bone were depicted in real-time. The sulcular and junctional epithelium could be visualized occasionally. Laser penetration and reflection were limited to a certain depth with an approximate maximal imaging depth capability of 1.5 mm and OCT images of the periodontal structure were not clear in some cases. The average maximal thickness of gingiva and epithelium and biologic width at the mandibular anteriors were 1.06 ± 0.21, 0.49 ± 0.15 and 2.09 ± 0.60 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION OCT has promise for non-invasive observation of the periodontal tissue profile in detail and measurement of internal periodontal structures including biologic width in the anterior region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kakizaki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Tsubokawa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Lin
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - K Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - G Koshy
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Sankara Dental College, Varkala, Kerala, India
| | - A Sadr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Oda
- Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, University Hospital of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Sumi
- Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Y Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Machoy M, Seeliger J, Szyszka-Sommerfeld L, Koprowski R, Gedrange T, Woźniak K. The Use of Optical Coherence Tomography in Dental Diagnostics: A State-of-the-Art Review. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2017; 2017:7560645. [PMID: 29065642 PMCID: PMC5534297 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7560645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography provides sections of tissues in a noncontact and noninvasive manner. The device measures the time delay and intensity of the light scattered or reflected from biological tissues, which results in tomographic imaging of their internal structure. This is achieved by scanning tissues at a resolution ranging from 1 to 15 μm. OCT enables real-time in situ imaging of tissues without the need for biopsy, histological procedures, or the use of X-rays, so it can be used in many fields of medicine. Its properties are not only particularly used in ophthalmology, in the diagnosis of all layers of the retina, but also increasingly in cardiology, gastroenterology, pulmonology, oncology, and dermatology. The basic properties of OCT, that is, noninvasiveness and low wattage of the used light, have also been appreciated in analytical technology by conservators, who use it to identify the quality and age of paintings, ceramics, or glass. Recently, the OCT technique of visualization is being tested in different fields of dentistry, which is depicted in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Machoy
- Division of Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Ul. Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Julia Seeliger
- Division of Orthodontics, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Liliana Szyszka-Sommerfeld
- Division of Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Ul. Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Robert Koprowski
- Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, Institute of Computer Science, University of Silesia, Ul. Będzińska 39, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gedrange
- Division of Orthodontics, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Division of Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Ul. Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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19
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Kim SH, Kang SR, Park HJ, Kim JM, Yi WJ, Kim TI. Improved accuracy in periodontal pocket depth measurement using optical coherence tomography. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2017; 47:13-19. [PMID: 28261520 PMCID: PMC5332330 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2017.47.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine whether periodontal pocket could be satisfactorily visualized by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to suggest quantitative methods for measuring periodontal pocket depth. Methods We acquired OCT images of periodontal pockets in a porcine model and determined the actual axial resolution for measuring the exact periodontal pocket depth using a calibration method. Quantitative measurements of periodontal pockets were performed by real axial resolution and compared with the results from manual periodontal probing. Results The average periodontal pocket depth measured by OCT was 3.10±0.15 mm, 4.11±0.17 mm, 5.09±0.17 mm, and 6.05±0.21 mm for each periodontal pocket model, respectively. These values were similar to those obtained by manual periodontal probing. Conclusions OCT was able to visualize periodontal pockets and show attachment loss. By calculating the calibration factor to determine the accurate axial resolution, quantitative standards for measuring periodontal pocket depth can be established regardless of the position of periodontal pocket in the OCT image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sul-Hee Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Ryong Kang
- Department of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Park
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University College of Health Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Min Kim
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Jin Yi
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.; Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Pires NSM, Dantas AT, Duarte ALBP, Amaral MM, Fernandes LO, Dias TJC, de Melo LSA, Gomes ASL. Optical coherence tomography as a method for quantitative skin evaluation in systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 77:465-466. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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