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Burkitt S, Mehraein M, Stanciauskas RK, Campbell J, Fraser S, Zavaleta C. Label-Free Visualization and Tracking of Gold Nanoparticles in Vasculature Using Multiphoton Luminescence. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112239. [PMID: 33198113 PMCID: PMC7696495 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles continue to generate interest for use in several biomedical applications. Recently, researchers have been focusing on exploiting their dual diagnostic/therapeutic theranostic capabilities. Before clinical translation can occur, regulatory agencies will require a greater understanding of their biodistribution and safety profiles post administration. Previously, the real-time identification and tracking of gold nanoparticles in free-flowing vasculature had not been possible without extrinsic labels such as fluorophores. Here, we present a label-free imaging approach to examine gold nanoparticle (AuNP) activity within the vasculature by utilizing multiphoton intravital microscopy. This method employs a commercially available multiphoton microscopy system to visualize the intrinsic luminescent signal produced by a multiphoton absorption-induced luminescence effect observed in single gold nanoparticles at frame rates necessary for capturing real-time blood flow. This is the first demonstration of visualizing unlabeled gold nanoparticles in an unperturbed vascular environment with frame rates fast enough to achieve particle tracking. Nanoparticle blood concentration curves were also evaluated by the tracking of gold nanoparticle flow in vasculature and verified against known pre-injection concentrations. Half-lives of these gold nanoparticle injections ranged between 67 and 140 s. This label-free imaging approach could provide important structural and functional information in real time to aid in the development and effective analysis of new metallic nanoparticles for various clinical applications in an unperturbed environment, while providing further insight into their complex uptake and clearance pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Burkitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.B.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (S.F.)
- Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, 1002 Child’s Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, 1002 Child’s Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Mana Mehraein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.B.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (S.F.)
- Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, 1002 Child’s Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | - Jos Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.B.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (S.F.)
- Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, 1002 Child’s Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Scott Fraser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.B.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (S.F.)
- Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, 1002 Child’s Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, 1002 Child’s Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Cristina Zavaleta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.B.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (S.F.)
- Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, 1002 Child’s Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, 1002 Child’s Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Correspondence:
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Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071403. [PMID: 32707641 PMCID: PMC7408012 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of some diseases—as well as the inherent toxicity of certain drugs—has led to an increasing interest in the development and optimization of drug-delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles stand out as a key tool to improve drug bioavailability or specific delivery at the site of action. The versatility of polymers makes them potentially ideal for fulfilling the requirements of each particular drug-delivery system. In this review, a summary of the state-of-the-art panorama of polymeric nanoparticles as drug-delivery systems has been conducted, focusing mainly on those applications in which the corresponding disease involves an important morbidity, a considerable reduction in the life quality of patients—or even a high mortality. A revision of the use of polymeric nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery, for cancer diagnosis and treatment, as well as nutraceutical delivery, was carried out, and a short discussion about future prospects of these systems is included.
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Olesiak-Banska J, Waszkielewicz M, Obstarczyk P, Samoc M. Two-photon absorption and photoluminescence of colloidal gold nanoparticles and nanoclusters. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4087-4117. [PMID: 31292567 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00849c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive description of nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of gold nanoparticles, which can be used in biological applications. The main focus is placed on two-photon absorption (2PA) and two-photon excited photoluminescence (2PEL) - the processes crucial for multiphoton microscopy, which allows deeper imaging of the material and causes less damage to the biological samples in comparison to conventional (one-photon) microscopy. We present the basics of 2PA measurement techniques and a summary of recent achievements in the understanding of multiphoton excitation and the resulting photoluminescence in gold nanoparticles, both plasmonic ones and small nanoclusters with molecule-like properties. The examples of 2PA applications in bioimaging are also presented, with a comment on future challenges and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Olesiak-Banska
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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