1
|
Adhikari P, Shukla PK, Alharthi F, Bhandari S, Meena AS, Rao R, Pradhan P. Photonics probing of pup brain tissue and molecular-specific nuclear nanostructure alterations due to fetal alcoholism via light scattering/localization approaches. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:076002. [PMID: 35818115 PMCID: PMC9271689 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.7.076002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Light is a good probe for studying the nanoscale-level structural or molecular-specific structural properties of brain cells/tissue due to stress, alcohol, or any other abnormalities. Chronic alcoholism during pregnancy, i.e., fetal alcoholism, being teratogenic, results in fetal alcohol syndrome, and other neurological disorders. Understanding the nano-to-submicron scale spatial structural properties of pup brain cells/tissues using light/photonic probes could provide a plethora of information in understanding the effects of fetal alcoholism. AIM Using both light scattering and light localization techniques to probe alterations in nano- to-submicron scale mass density or refractive index fluctuations in brain cells/tissues of mice pups, exposed to fetal alcoholism. APPROACH We use the mesoscopic physics-based dual spectroscopic imaging techniques, partial wave spectroscopy (PWS) and molecular-specific inverse participation ratio (IPR) using confocal imaging, to quantify structural alterations in brain tissues and chromatin/histone in brain cells, respectively, in 60 days postnatal mice pup brain, exposed to fetal alcoholism. RESULTS The finer focusing PWS analysis on tissues shows an increase in the degree of structural disorder strength in the pup brain tissues. Furthermore, results of the molecular-specific light localization IPR technique show an increase in the degree of spatial molecular mass density structural disorder in DNA and a decrease in the degree in histone. CONCLUSIONS In particular, we characterize the spatial pup brain structures from the molecular to tissue levels and address the plausible reasons for such as mass density fluctuations in fetal alcoholism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Adhikari
- Mississippi State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States
| | - Pradeep K. Shukla
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Physiology, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Fatemah Alharthi
- Mississippi State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States
| | - Shiva Bhandari
- Mississippi State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States
| | - Avtar S. Meena
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Physiology, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Radhakrishna Rao
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Physiology, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Prabhakar Pradhan
- Mississippi State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adhikari P, Shukla PK, Alharthi F, Rao R, Pradhan P. Photonic technique to study the effects of probiotics on chronic alcoholic brain cells by quantifying their molecular specific structural alterations via confocal imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100247. [PMID: 34786860 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular specific photonics localization method, the inverse participation ratio (IPR) technique, is a powerful procedure to probe the nano- to submicron scales structural alterations in cells/tissues in their abnormalities due to chronic alcoholism using confocal imaging. Chronic alcoholism introduces abnormalities in brain cells/tissue at the nanoscale level that results in behavioural and psychological disorders which are not well understood. On the other hand, probiotics such as Lactobacillus plantarum enhances brain functions in chronic alcoholism. Using the IPR technique, we probe the molecular specific spatial structural alterations in glial brain cells astrocytes and microglia, as well as in chromatins in the nuclei of cortex brain cells, with or without probiotic treatments in chronic alcoholism. The results show chronic alcoholism alone harms brain cells and the probiotic treatment in chronic alcoholism reverses alcoholic damage in the brain cells/tissues toward normalcy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Adhikari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Pradeep K Shukla
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fatemah Alharthi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Radhakrishna Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Prabhakar Pradhan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Adhikari P, Shukla PK, Ghimire HM, Hasan M, Sahay P, Almabadi H, Tripathi V, Skalli O, Rao R, Pradhan P. TEM study of chronic alcoholism effects on early carcinogenesis by probing the nanoscale structural alterations of cell nuclei. Phys Biol 2021; 18:026001. [PMID: 33207323 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/abcbdd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale structural alteration in the nuclei of cells with the progression of carcinogenesis is due to the rearrangements of the basic building blocks in the cell such as DNA, RNA, lipids, etc. Although epigenetic modifications underlie the development of cancer, exposure to carcinogenic chemicals such as alcohol also enhances the development of cancer. We report the effects of chronic alcoholism on early-carcinogenesis based on changes in the degree of nanoscale structural alterations (L d) in nuclei. For this, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging of the nuclei of colonic cells is performed for the following four mouse models: control mice; chronic alcoholic mice treated with ethanol (i.e., EtOH mice); mice treated with colonic carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) that induced colitis (i.e., AOM + DSS mice); and chronic alcoholic or EtOH treated mice, together with AOM and DSS treatment (i.e., AOM + DSS + EtOH mice). The disordered optical lattices are constructed from their respective TEM images of thin colonic cell nuclei and the L d values are calculated using the inverse participation ratio (IPR) technique from the spatially localized eigenfunctions of these lattices. Results show no significant difference in the average L d value of the colon cell nuclei of alcohol treated mice relative to its control [i.e., L d(C) ∼ L d(EtOH)]; however, an increase in the L d value of alcohol treated precancerous cells [i.e., L d(AOM + DSS + EtOH) > L d(AOM + DSS)], indicating that alcohol accelerates the early carcinogenic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Adhikari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States of America. These authors contributed equally to the work
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Czamara K, Adamczyk A, Stojak M, Radwan B, Baranska M. Astaxanthin as a new Raman probe for biosensing of specific subcellular lipidic structures: can we detect lipids in cells under resonance conditions? Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:3477-3484. [PMID: 33289850 PMCID: PMC8038953 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a new Raman probe for cellular studies on lipids detection and distribution. It is (3S, 3'S)-astaxanthin (AXT), a natural xanthophyll of hydrophobic properties and high solubility in lipids. It contains a chromophore group, a long polyene chain of eleven conjugated C=C bonds including two in the terminal rings, absorbing light in the visible range that coincides with the excitation of lasers commonly used in Raman spectroscopy for studying of biological samples. Depending on the laser, resonance (excitation in the visible range) or pre-resonance (the near infrared range) Raman spectrum of astaxanthin is dominated by bands at ca. 1008, 1158, and 1520 cm−1 that now can be also a marker of lipids distribution in the cells. We showed that AXT accumulates in lipidic structures of endothelial cells in time-dependent manner that provides possibility to visualize e.g. endoplasmic reticulum, as well as nuclear envelope. As a non-toxic reporter, it has a potential in the future studies on e.g. nucleus membranes damage in live cells in a very short measuring time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Czamara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30- 348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adriana Adamczyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30- 348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Stojak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30- 348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Basseem Radwan
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30- 348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30- 348, Krakow, Poland. .,Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adhikari P, Hasan M, Sridhar V, Roy D, Pradhan P. Studying nanoscale structural alterations in cancer cells to evaluate ovarian cancer drug treatment, using transmission electron microscopy imaging. Phys Biol 2020; 17:036005. [PMID: 31931492 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ab6abb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding nanoscale structural changes can provide information about the physical state of cells/tissues. It has now been shown that increases in nanoscale structural alterations are associated with the progress of carcinogenesis in most cancer cases, including early carcinogenesis. Anti-cancerous therapies are designed to inhibit the growth of cancer cells; however, it is challenging to detect the efficacy of such drugs in the early stages of treatment. A unique method of assessing the impact of anti-cancerous drugs on cancerous cells/tissues is to probe the nanoscale structural alterations. In this paper, we study the effect of different anti-cancerous drugs on ovarian tumorigenic cells, using their nanoscale structural alterations as a biomarker. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging on thin cell sections is performed to obtain their nanoscale structures. The degree of nanoscale structural alterations of tumorigenic cells and anti-cancerous drug treated tumorigenic cells are quantified by using the recently developed inverse participation ratio (IPR) technique. Results show an increase in the degree of nanoscale fluctuations in tumorigenic cells relative to non-tumorigenic cells; then a near-reversal of the degree of fluctuation in tumorigenic cells to that in non-tumorigenic cells, following anti-cancerous drug treatment. These results support that the effect of anti-cancerous drugs in cancer treatment can be quantified by using the degree of nanoscale fluctuations in the cells via TEM imaging. Potential applications of the technique for cancer treatment are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Adhikari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adhikari P, Nagesh PKB, Alharthi F, Chauhan SC, Jaggi M, Yallapu MM, Pradhan P. Optical detection of the structural properties of tumor tissue generated by xenografting of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells using partial wave spectroscopy (PWS). BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:6422-6431. [PMID: 31853408 PMCID: PMC6913405 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.006422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A mesoscopic physics-based optical imaging technique, partial wave spectroscopy (PWS), has been used for the detection of cancer by probing nanoscale structural alterations in cells/tissue. The development of drug-resistant cancer cells/tissues during chemotherapy is a major challenge in cancer treatment. In this paper, using a mouse model and PWS, the structural properties of tumor tissue grown in 3D structures by xenografting drug-resistant and drug-sensitive human prostate cancer cells having 2D structures, are studied. The results show that the 3D xenografted tissues maintain a similar hierarchy of the degree of structural disorder properties as that of the 2D original drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Adhikari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Prashanth K B Nagesh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Fatemah Alharthi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Prabhakar Pradhan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Almabadi HM, Nagesh PKB, Sahay P, Bhandari S, Eckstein EC, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM, Pradhan P. Optical study of chemotherapy efficiency in cancer treatment via intracellular structural disorder analysis using partial wave spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800056. [PMID: 29869394 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As cancer progresses, macromolecules, such as DNA, RNA or lipids, inside cells undergo spatial structural rearrangements and alterations. Mesoscopic light transport-based optical partial wave spectroscopy (PWS) was recently introduced to quantify changes in the nanoscale structural disorder in biological cells. The PWS measurement is performed using a parameter termed as "disorder strength" (L d ), which represents the degree of nanoscale structural disorder inside the cells. It was shown that cancerous cells have higher disorder strength than normal cells. In this work, we first used the PWS to analyze the hierarchy of different types of prostate cancer cells, namely, C4-2, DU-145 and PC-3, by quantifying their average disorder strengths. Results expectedly showed that L d values increases in accordance with the increasing aggressiveness/tumorigenicity levels of these cells. Using the L d parameter, we then analyzed the chemoresistance properties of these prostate cancer cells to docetaxel drug compared to their chemosensitivity. Results show that chemoresistant cancer cells have increased L d values, that is, higher disorder strength, relative to chemosensitive cancer cells. Thus, use of the L d metric can be effective in determining the efficacy of particular chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huda M Almabadi
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, BioNanoPhotonics Laboratory, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Prashanth K B Nagesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Peeyush Sahay
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, BioNanoPhotonics Laboratory, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Shiva Bhandari
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, BioNanoPhotonics Laboratory, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Prabhakar Pradhan
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, BioNanoPhotonics Laboratory, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|