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Tanideh N, Ali Behnam M, Mohit Ghiri S, Koohi-Hosseinabadi O, Khajeh-Zadeh H, Zare S, Azarpira N, Akbarzadeh A, Ashkani-Esfahani S, Ebrahimi A, Habibzadeh A. The effects of combined and independent low-level laser and mesenchymal stem cell therapy on induced knee osteoarthritis: An animal study. Knee 2024; 47:208-218. [PMID: 38422741 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) injection has emerged as a novel treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA). In addition, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been reported to delay the progression of OA. Thus, the current study on animal models of OA investigated the effectiveness of these methods when administered independently and combined. METHODS Twenty-five guinea pig models of OA were randomly sorted into five study groups. The test groups received intra-articular MSC, LLLT, and a combination of these therapeutics for 8 weeks. Radiological and histopathologic evaluations were carried out for the test groups and the control after the completion of treatments. RESULTS The MSC-treated groups showed better outcomes in terms of all radiological and histological indexes compared with the control, apart from subchondral bone (P < 0.05). Similarly, but to a different extent, the LLLT-treated group showed better results than the controls (P < 0.05). The combination of MSC therapy and LLLT improved the cartilage, surface, matrix, space width, osteophytes, and radiologic OA scores more effectively than each of these methods alone (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS According to our results, the combination of intra-articular MSC and LLLT can effectively improve OA in animal models. Further preclinical and clinical studies are recommended to assess the effectiveness of these therapeutics alone and in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran; Pharmacology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Behnam
- Nano Opto-Electronic Research Center, Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sheida Mohit Ghiri
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Omid Koohi-Hosseinabadi
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hossein Khajeh-Zadeh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Shahrokh Zare
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Armin Akbarzadeh
- Bone and Joints Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Soheil Ashkani-Esfahani
- Foot & Ankle Research and Innovation Laboratory (FARIL), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alireza Ebrahimi
- Foot & Ankle Research and Innovation Laboratory (FARIL), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Adrina Habibzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Zhang R, Qu J. The Mechanisms and Efficacy of Photobiomodulation Therapy for Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14293. [PMID: 37762594 PMCID: PMC10531845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients around the world, causing significant pain and disability. Furthermore, the drugs used to treat these conditions frequently have side effects that add to the patient's burden. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a promising treatment approach in recent years. PBM effectively reduces inflammation by utilizing near-infrared light emitted by lasers or LEDs. In contrast to photothermal effects, PBM causes a photobiological response in cells, which regulates their functional response to light and reduces inflammation. PBM's anti-inflammatory properties and beneficial effects in arthritis treatment have been reported in numerous studies, including animal experiments and clinical trials. PBM's effectiveness in arthritis treatment has been extensively researched in arthritis-specific cells. Despite the positive results of PBM treatment, questions about specific parameters such as wavelength, dose, power density, irradiation time, and treatment site remain. The goal of this comprehensive review is to systematically summarize the mechanisms of PBM in arthritis treatment, the development of animal arthritis models, and the anti-inflammatory and joint function recovery effects seen in these models. The review also goes over the evaluation methods used in clinical trials. Overall, this review provides valuable insights for researchers investigating PBM treatment for arthritis, providing important references for parameters, model techniques, and evaluation methods in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junle Qu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics and College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
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Photobiomodulation effects in metalloproteinases expression in zymosan-induced arthritis. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:3661-3670. [PMID: 36156751 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in the degenerative course of rheumatic disorders. They are responsible for cartilage and other joint-associated tissues breakdown. Amid arthritis treatments, photobiostimulation (PBM), a non-thermal and non-invasive low-power laser application, appears to be an outstanding therapy alternative once it has succeeded in MMPs modulation. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the PBM effects of low infrared laser (830 nm), testing two different energy densities (3 and 30 Jcm-2) in MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, and MMP-14 as well as the inhibitor TIMP-2 expressions using zymosan-induced arthritis model. C57BL/6 mice were distributed into four groups (n = 8): zymosan-induced arthritis without treatment; zymosan-induced arthritis and dexamethasone-treated; zymosan-induced arthritis and PBM at energy density of 3 Jcm-2 treated; and zymosan-induced arthritis and PBM at energy density of 30 Jcm-2 treated. MMPs and TIMP-2 mRNA relative levels by qRT-PCR and proteins expression by immunohistochemical and Western blotting techniques were performed after PBM treatment in the inflamed joint. Our results demonstrated PBM could modulate both mRNA relative levels and proteins expression of the MMP-2, -9, -13, -14, and TIMP-2 in joint tissues, decreasing MMP-9 protein expression and increasing TIMP-2 protein expression. PBM promotes a better arthritis prognostic, modulating metalloproteinase and its inhibitor, especially MMP-9 and TIMP-2 protein expression that is important inflammatory markers. These findings may also corroborate that PBM may regulate MMPs expression using different pathways.
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Stepanov YV, Golovynska I, Golovynskyi S, Garmanchuk LV, Gorbach O, Stepanova LI, Khranovska N, Ostapchenko LI, Ohulchanskyy TY, Qu J. Red and near infrared light-stimulated angiogenesis mediated via Ca 2+ influx, VEGF production and NO synthesis in endothelial cells in macrophage or malignant environments. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 227:112388. [PMID: 35074677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation with red or near-infrared (NIR) light in low level light therapy (LLLT) is found to stimulate cellular processes and bioenergetics, resulting in enhanced wound healing, pain control, neurodegenerative diseases treatment, etc. During light irradiation of tissues and organs, different cells are affected, though the connection between photostimulation of cells and their environmental conditions remains poorly understood. In this report, red/NIR light-stimulated angiogenesis is investigated using endothelial cells in vitro, with a focus on the capillary-like structure (CLS) formation and the respective biochemical processes in cells under conditions proximate to a healthy or malignant environment, which strongly defines angiogenesis. To model environmental conditions for endotheliocytes in vitro, the cell culture environment was supplemented by an augmented conditioned medium from macrophages or cancer cells. The biochemical processes in endothelial cell cultures were investigated with and without irradiation by red (650 nm) and near-infrared (808 nm) laser diodes and under normoxia or hypoxia conditions. A light-stimulated angiogenesis has been found, with a more efficient stimulation by 650 nm light compared to 808 nm light. It was shown that the irradiation with light promoted extracellular Ca2+ influx, fostered cell cycle progression, proliferation and NO generation in endothelial cells, and caused an increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production by endothelial cells and M2 macrophages under hypoxia conditions. The activation of VEGF production by macrophages was found to be associated with an increase in the number of M2 macrophages after light irradiation under hypoxia conditions. Thus, a new pathway of an activation of the endothelial cell metabolism, which is related with the extracellular Ca2+ influx after light irradiation, has been revealed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Red/NIR light-stimulated angiogenesis has been studied using endothelial cells in vitro, with focus on CLS formation and the respective biochemical processes in cell models proximate to a healthy or malignant environment. A light-stimulated angiogenesis has been found, stimulated via extracellular Ca2+ influx, cell cycle progression, proliferation and NO generation, VEGF production increase by endothelial cells under hypoxia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii V Stepanov
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Iuliia Golovynska
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Sergii Golovynskyi
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Liudmyla V Garmanchuk
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Gorbach
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Institute of Ukraine, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla I Stepanova
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Khranovska
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Institute of Ukraine, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla I Ostapchenko
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Tymish Y Ohulchanskyy
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Junle Qu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
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Golovynska I, Stepanov YV, Golovynskyi S, Zhou T, Stepanova LI, Garmanchuk LV, Ohulchanskyy TY, Qu J. Macrophages Modulated by Red/NIR Light: Phagocytosis, Cytokines, Mitochondrial Activity, Ca 2+ Influx, Membrane Depolarization and Viability. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:484-497. [PMID: 34569637 DOI: 10.1111/php.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is emerging as a promising therapeutic approach to modulate the biochemical and molecular processes within living cells. LLLT is known to produce local and systemic effects; therefore, immune cells in local tissues or in the circulation are affected by light. However, this specific effect remains weakly explored. In this study, the effect of red (650 nm) and NIR (808 nm) light on phagocytosis (respiratory burst), cytokine expression, mitochondrial activity, ROS generation, Ca2+ influx and membrane depolarization in macrophages in vitro is investigated. Both the phagocytic capacity and adhesion of macrophages strongly (˜2.5 times) increased in the first hours after exposure to light in a dose-dependent manner. The light-evoked upregulation of phagocytosis is found to be less efficient than the maximal pharmacologically induced enhancement of ˜3.2 times. Also, red/NIR light reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activates the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines by several times in activated macrophages. At the same time, the viability shows a biphasic dose response: it increases after irradiation with lower doses (0.3-1 J cm-2 ) and decreases after treatment with higher doses (18-30 J cm-2 ), which is apparently associated with the upregulation of ROS generation, followed by an increase in the mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Golovynska
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yurii V Stepanov
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sergii Golovynskyi
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liudmyla I Stepanova
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla V Garmanchuk
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tymish Y Ohulchanskyy
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Photobiomodulation and diffusing optical fiber on spinal cord's impact on nerve cells from normal spinal cord tissue in piglets. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:259-267. [PMID: 33389267 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Experts have proven that photobiological regulation therapy for spinal cord injury promotes the spinal repair following injury. The traditional irradiation therapy mode is indirect (percutaneous irradiation), which could significantly lower the effective use of light energy. In earlier studies, we developed an implantable optical fiber that one can embed above the spinal cord lamina, and the light directly is cast onto the surface of the spinal cord in a way that can dramatically improve energy use. Nonetheless, it remains to be seen whether near-infrared light diffused by embedded optical fiber can have side effects on the surrounding nerve cells. Given this, we implanted optical fiber on the lamina of a normal spinal cord to observe the structural integrity of the tissue using morphological staining; we also used immunohistochemistry to detect inflammatory factors. Considering the existing studies, we meant to determine that the light energy diffused by embedded optical fiber has no side effect on the normal tissue. The results of this study will lay a foundation for the clinical application of the treatment of spinal cord injury by near-infrared light irradiation.
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Baghizadeh Fini M, Olyaee P, Homayouni A. The Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Acceleration of Orthodontic Tooth Movement. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:204-211. [PMID: 32273964 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In clinical practice, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is widely used. The main aim of this review is to assess the effectiveness of LLLT in accelerating tooth movement in human subjects. The PRISMA checklist was utilized as a guideline to carry out this systematic review. The electronic databases were searched from Google Scholar (2014-2018) and PubMed, and comprehensive research on this topic was also manually conducted. Therefore, 77 articles randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials (CCTs) were selected. After screening studies, consequently, eleven trials met the inclusion criteria. Eight out of 11 studies showed LLLT has a significant impact on the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement, and there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of tooth movement between the laser group and the control group in the two remaining studies. Furthermore, five out of 11 articles showed that LLLT has no adverse effects. Although we have some degree of understanding from a cellular point of view to LLLT effects, we still do not know whether these cellular level changes have any effect on the clinical acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement. The results are inconclusive and cannot be generalized to the public community; therefore, well-structured studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pooya Olyaee
- DDS, MSc in Orthodontics, MSc in Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ahmadreza Homayouni
- Industrial Engineering and Management Department, Oklahoma State University, US
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