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Liu CH, Fu LW, Chen HH, Huang SL. Toward cell nuclei precision between OCT and H&E images translation using signal-to-noise ratio cycle-consistency. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 242:107824. [PMID: 37832427 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Medical image-to-image translation is often difficult and of limited effectiveness due to the differences in image acquisition mechanisms and the diverse structure of biological tissues. This work presents an unpaired image translation model between in-vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) and ex-vivo Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images without the need for image stacking, registration, post-processing, and annotation. The model can generate high-quality and highly accurate virtual medical images, and is robust and bidirectional. Our framework introduces random noise to (1) blur redundant features, (2) defend against self-adversarial attacks, (3) stabilize inverse conversion, and (4) mitigate the impact of OCT speckles. We also demonstrate that our model can be pre-trained and then fine-tuned using images from different OCT systems in just a few epochs. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons with traditional image-to-image translation models show the robustness of our proposed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) cycle-consistency method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Liu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Wei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Homer H Chen
- Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Networking and Multimedia, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Lung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; All Vista Healthcare Center, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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2
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Borah BJ, Tseng YC, Wang KC, Wang HC, Huang HY, Chang K, Lin JR, Liao YH, Sun CK. Rapid digital pathology of H&E-stained fresh human brain specimens as an alternative to frozen biopsy. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:77. [PMID: 37253966 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-based frozen section (FS) pathology is presently the global standard for intraoperative tumor assessment (ITA). Preparation of frozen section is labor intensive, which might consume up-to 30 minutes, and is susceptible to freezing artifacts. An FS-alternative technique is thus necessary, which is sectioning-free, artifact-free, fast, accurate, and reliably deployable without machine learning and/or additional interpretation training. METHODS We develop a training-free true-H&E Rapid Fresh digital-Pathology (the-RFP) technique which is 4 times faster than the conventional preparation of frozen sections. The-RFP is assisted by a mesoscale Nonlinear Optical Gigascope (mNLOG) platform with a streamlined rapid artifact-compensated 2D large-field mosaic-stitching (rac2D-LMS) approach. A sub-6-minute True-H&E Rapid whole-mount-Soft-Tissue Staining (the-RSTS) protocol is introduced for soft/frangible fresh brain specimens. The mNLOG platform utilizes third harmonic generation (THG) and two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) signals from H and E dyes, respectively, to yield the-RFP images. RESULTS We demonstrate the-RFP technique on fresh excised human brain specimens. The-RFP enables optically-sectioned high-resolution 2D scanning and digital display of a 1 cm2 area in <120 seconds with 3.6 Gigapixels at a sustained effective throughput of >700 M bits/sec, with zero post-acquisition data/image processing. Training-free blind tests considering 50 normal and tumor-specific brain specimens obtained from 8 participants reveal 100% match to the respective formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE)-biopsy outcomes. CONCLUSIONS We provide a digital ITA solution: the-RFP, which is potentially a fast and reliable alternative to FS-pathology. With H&E-compatibility, the-RFP eliminates color- and morphology-specific additional interpretation training for a pathologist, and the-RFP-assessed specimen can reliably undergo FFPE-biopsy confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Jyoti Borah
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chen Tseng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chuan Wang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Huan-Chih Wang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Koping Chang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhih Rong Lin
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Liao
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Engel TN, Abraham TM, Morningstar T, Fung MA, Rangchi A, Kiuru M, Fereidouni F, Levenson R. Pilot study of FIBI (Fluorescence Imitating Brightfield Imaging) for rapid, slide‐free dermatopathology. J Cutan Pathol 2022; 49:1060-1066. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tess N. Engel
- School of Medicine University of California Davis Sacramento CA USA
| | - Tanishq Mathew Abraham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California Davis Sacramento CA USA
| | - Taryn Morningstar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California Davis Sacramento CA USA
| | - Maxwell A. Fung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California Davis Sacramento CA USA
- Department of Dermatology University of California Davis Sacramento CA USA
| | - Arshia Rangchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California Davis Sacramento CA USA
| | - Maija Kiuru
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California Davis Sacramento CA USA
- Department of Dermatology University of California Davis Sacramento CA USA
| | - Farzad Fereidouni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California Davis Sacramento CA USA
| | - Richard Levenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California Davis Sacramento CA USA
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Liu Y, Levenson RM, Jenkins MW. Slide Over: Advances in Slide-Free Optical Microscopy as Drivers of Diagnostic Pathology. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:180-194. [PMID: 34774514 PMCID: PMC8883436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Conventional analysis using clinical histopathology is based on bright-field microscopy of thinly sliced tissue specimens. Although bright-field microscopy is a simple and robust method of examining microscope slides, the preparation of the slides needed is a lengthy and labor-intensive process. Slide-free histopathology, however, uses direct imaging of intact, minimally processed tissue samples using advanced optical-imaging systems, bypassing the extended workflow now required for the preparation of tissue sections. This article explains the technical basis of slide-free microscopy, reviews common slide-free optical microscopy techniques, and discusses the opportunities and challenges involved in clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehe Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Richard M. Levenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, California,Address correspondence to Richard M. Levenson, M.D., UC Davis Health, Path Building, 4400 V St., Sacramento, CA 95817; or Michael W. Jenkins, Ph.D., 2109 Adelbert Rd., Wood Bldg., WG28, Cleveland, OH 44106.
| | - Michael W. Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,Address correspondence to Richard M. Levenson, M.D., UC Davis Health, Path Building, 4400 V St., Sacramento, CA 95817; or Michael W. Jenkins, Ph.D., 2109 Adelbert Rd., Wood Bldg., WG28, Cleveland, OH 44106.
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5
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Chen Z, Yu W, Wong IHM, Wong TTW. Deep-learning-assisted microscopy with ultraviolet surface excitation for rapid slide-free histological imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:5920-5938. [PMID: 34692225 PMCID: PMC8515972 DOI: 10.1364/boe.433597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Histopathological examination of tissue sections is the gold standard for disease diagnosis. However, the conventional histopathology workflow requires lengthy and laborious sample preparation to obtain thin tissue slices, causing about a one-week delay to generate an accurate diagnostic report. Recently, microscopy with ultraviolet surface excitation (MUSE), a rapid and slide-free imaging technique, has been developed to image fresh and thick tissues with specific molecular contrast. Here, we propose to apply an unsupervised generative adversarial network framework to translate colorful MUSE images into Deep-MUSE images that highly resemble hematoxylin and eosin staining, allowing easy adaptation by pathologists. By eliminating the needs of all sample processing steps (except staining), a MUSE image with subcellular resolution for a typical brain biopsy (5 mm × 5 mm) can be acquired in 5 minutes, which is further translated into a Deep-MUSE image in 40 seconds, simplifying the standard histopathology workflow dramatically and providing histological images intraoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wentao Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivy H. M. Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Terence T. W. Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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6
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Lai JH, Liao EY, Liao YH, Sun CK. Investigating the optical clearing effects of 50% glycerol in ex vivo human skin by harmonic generation microscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:329. [PMID: 33431907 PMCID: PMC7801418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging depth and quality of optical microscopy can be enhanced by optical clearing. Here we investigate the optical clearing of the ex vivo human skin by 50% glycerol topical application, which is allowed for cosmetic usage. Harmonic generation microscopy, by combining second and third harmonic generation (THG) modalities, was utilized to examine the clearing effect. The THG image intensity is sensitive to the improved optical homogeneity after optical clearing, and the second harmonic generation (SHG) image intensity in the dermis could serve as a beacon to confirm the reduction of the scattering in the epidermis layer. As a result, our study supports the OC effect through 50% glycerol topical application. Our study further indicates the critical role of stratum corneum shrinkage for the observed SHG and THG signal recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Lai
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - En-Yu Liao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Liao
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Klovak V, Kulichenko S, Lelyushok S. Influence of colloid-chemical state of solutions on fluorescence and spectrophotometry analytical signals of surfactants in reaction with eosin Y. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Serafin R, Xie W, Glaser AK, Liu JTC. FalseColor-Python: A rapid intensity-leveling and digital-staining package for fluorescence-based slide-free digital pathology. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233198. [PMID: 33001995 PMCID: PMC7529223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Slide-free digital pathology techniques, including nondestructive 3D microscopy, are gaining interest as alternatives to traditional slide-based histology. In order to facilitate clinical adoption of these fluorescence-based techniques, software methods have been developed to convert grayscale fluorescence images into color images that mimic the appearance of standard absorptive chromogens such as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). However, these false-coloring algorithms often require manual and iterative adjustment of parameters, with results that can be inconsistent in the presence of intensity nonuniformities within an image and/or between specimens (intra- and inter-specimen variability). Here, we present an open-source (Python-based) rapid intensity-leveling and digital-staining package that is specifically designed to render two-channel fluorescence images (i.e. a fluorescent analog of H&E) to the traditional H&E color space for 2D and 3D microscopy datasets. However, this method can be easily tailored for other false-coloring needs. Our package offers (1) automated and uniform false coloring in spite of uneven staining within a large thick specimen, (2) consistent color-space representations that are robust to variations in staining and imaging conditions between different specimens, and (3) GPU-accelerated data processing to allow these methods to scale to large datasets. We demonstrate this platform by generating H&E-like images from cleared tissues that are fluorescently imaged in 3D with open-top light-sheet (OTLS) microscopy, and quantitatively characterizing the results in comparison to traditional slide-based H&E histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Serafin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Weisi Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Adam K. Glaser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jonathan T. C. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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9
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Plekhanov AA, Sirotkina MA, Sovetsky AA, Gubarkova EV, Kuznetsov SS, Matveyev AL, Matveev LA, Zagaynova EV, Gladkova ND, Zaitsev VY. Histological validation of in vivo assessment of cancer tissue inhomogeneity and automated morphological segmentation enabled by Optical Coherence Elastography. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11781. [PMID: 32678175 PMCID: PMC7366713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a non-invasive (albeit contact) method based on Optical Coherence Elastography (OCE) enabling the in vivo segmentation of morphological tissue constituents, in particular, monitoring of morphological alterations during both tumor development and its response to therapies. The method uses compressional OCE to reconstruct tissue stiffness map as the first step. Then the OCE-image is divided into regions, for which the Young’s modulus (stiffness) falls in specific ranges corresponding to the morphological constituents to be discriminated. These stiffness ranges (characteristic "stiffness spectra") are initially determined by careful comparison of the "gold-standard" histological data and the OCE-based stiffness map for the corresponding tissue regions. After such pre-calibration, the results of morphological segmentation of OCE-images demonstrate a striking similarity with the histological results in terms of percentage of the segmented zones. To validate the sensitivity of the OCE-method and demonstrate its high correlation with conventional histological segmentation we present results obtained in vivo on a murine model of breast cancer in comparative experimental study of the efficacy of two antitumor chemotherapeutic drugs with different mechanisms of action. The new technique allowed in vivo monitoring and quantitative segmentation of (1) viable, (2) dystrophic, (3) necrotic tumor cells and (4) edema zones very similar to morphological segmentation of histological images. Numerous applications in other experimental/clinical areas requiring rapid, nearly real-time, quantitative assessment of tissue structure can be foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A Plekhanov
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Marina A Sirotkina
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia.
| | - Alexander A Sovetsky
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanov Street 46, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Gubarkova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Sergey S Kuznetsov
- N.A. Semashko Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital, Rodionov Street 190, Nizhny Novgorod, 603126, Russia
| | - Alexander L Matveyev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanov Street 46, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Lev A Matveev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanov Street 46, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Elena V Zagaynova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Natalia D Gladkova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Vladimir Y Zaitsev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanov Street 46, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
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10
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Chakraborty S, Chen ST, Hsiao YT, Chiu MJ, Sun CK. Additive-color multi-harmonic generation microscopy for simultaneous label-free differentiation of plaques, tangles, and neuronal axons. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:571-585. [PMID: 32206388 PMCID: PMC7041468 DOI: 10.1364/boe.378447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Multicolor fluorescence imaging has been widely used by neuroscientists to simultaneously observe different neuropathological features of the brain. However, these optical modalities rely on exogenous labeling. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, a label-free additive-color multi-harmonic generation microscopy to elucidate, concurrently with different hues, Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological hallmarks: amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). By treating third harmonic generation (THG) and second harmonic generation (SHG) as two primary colors, our study can simultaneously label-free differentiate AD hallmarks by providing different additive colors between Aβ plaques, NFT, and neuronal axons, with weaker THG presentation from NFT in most places of the brain. Interestingly our pixel-based quantification and Pearson's correlation results further corroborated these findings. Our proposed label-free technique fulfills the unmet challenge in the clinical histopathology for stain-free slide-free differential visualization of neurodegenerative disease pathologies, with a sub-femtoliter resolution in a single image field-of-view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Chakraborty
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Tse Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jang Chiu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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11
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Serafin R, Xie W, Glaser AK, Liu JTC. FalseColor-Python: A rapid intensity-leveling and digital-staining package for fluorescence-based slide-free digital pathology. PLoS One 2020. [PMID: 33001995 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.03.074955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Slide-free digital pathology techniques, including nondestructive 3D microscopy, are gaining interest as alternatives to traditional slide-based histology. In order to facilitate clinical adoption of these fluorescence-based techniques, software methods have been developed to convert grayscale fluorescence images into color images that mimic the appearance of standard absorptive chromogens such as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). However, these false-coloring algorithms often require manual and iterative adjustment of parameters, with results that can be inconsistent in the presence of intensity nonuniformities within an image and/or between specimens (intra- and inter-specimen variability). Here, we present an open-source (Python-based) rapid intensity-leveling and digital-staining package that is specifically designed to render two-channel fluorescence images (i.e. a fluorescent analog of H&E) to the traditional H&E color space for 2D and 3D microscopy datasets. However, this method can be easily tailored for other false-coloring needs. Our package offers (1) automated and uniform false coloring in spite of uneven staining within a large thick specimen, (2) consistent color-space representations that are robust to variations in staining and imaging conditions between different specimens, and (3) GPU-accelerated data processing to allow these methods to scale to large datasets. We demonstrate this platform by generating H&E-like images from cleared tissues that are fluorescently imaged in 3D with open-top light-sheet (OTLS) microscopy, and quantitatively characterizing the results in comparison to traditional slide-based H&E histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Serafin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Weisi Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Adam K Glaser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jonathan T C Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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