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Vergilio MM, Birchall JC, Lima LL, Rezende RA, Leonardi GR. Drug Delivery Systems based on Microneedles for Dermatological Diseases and Aesthetic Enhancement. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3473-3487. [PMID: 37231729 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230525122913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microneedle (MN) devices comprise of micron-sized structures that circumvent biological barriers in a minimally invasive manner. MN research continues to grow and evolve; the technology was recently identified as one of the top ten overall emerging technologies of 2020. There is a growing interest in using such devices in cosmetology and dermatological conditions where the MNs mechanically disrupt the outer skin barrier layer, creating transient pathways that allow the passage of materials to underlying skin layers. This review aims to appraise the application of microneedle technologies in skin science, provide information on potential clinical benefits, as well as indicate possible dermatological conditions that can benefit from this technology, including autoimmunemediated inflammatory skin diseases, skin aging, hyperpigmentation, and skin tumors. A literature review was carried out to select studies that evaluated the use of microneedles to enhance drug delivery for dermatologic purposes. MN patches create temporary pathways that allow the passage of therapeutic material to deeper layers of the skin. Given their demonstrable promise in therapeutic applications it will be essential for healthcare professionals to engage with these new delivery systems as they transition to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Massufero Vergilio
- Graduate Program in Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - James Caradoc Birchall
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Lonetá Lauro Lima
- 3D Technologies Research Group, NT3D, Renato Archer Information Technology Center (CTI), Campinas, SP, Brazi
| | - Rodrigo Alvarenga Rezende
- 3D Technologies Research Group, NT3D, Renato Archer Information Technology Center (CTI), Campinas, SP, Brazi
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade de Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Ricci Leonardi
- Graduate Program in Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Demartis S, Rassu G, Mazzarello V, Larrañeta E, Hutton A, Donnelly RF, Dalpiaz A, Roldo M, Guillot AJ, Melero A, Giunchedi P, Gavini E. Delivering hydrosoluble compounds through the skin: what are the chances? Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123457. [PMID: 37788729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Demartis
- Department of Chemical, Mathematical, Natural and Physical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - G Rassu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - V Mazzarello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - E Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - A Hutton
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - R F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - A Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Roldo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - A J Guillot
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vincent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - A Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vincent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - P Giunchedi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - E Gavini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
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Shriky B, Babenko M, Whiteside BR. Dissolving and Swelling Hydrogel-Based Microneedles: An Overview of Their Materials, Fabrication, Characterization Methods, and Challenges. Gels 2023; 9:806. [PMID: 37888379 PMCID: PMC10606778 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric hydrogels are a complex class of materials with one common feature-the ability to form three-dimensional networks capable of imbibing large amounts of water or biological fluids without being dissolved, acting as self-sustained containers for various purposes, including pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Transdermal pharmaceutical microneedles are a pain-free drug delivery system that continues on the path to widespread adoption-regulatory guidelines are on the horizon, and investments in the field continue to grow annually. Recently, hydrogels have generated interest in the field of transdermal microneedles due to their tunable properties, allowing them to be exploited as delivery systems and extraction tools. As hydrogel microneedles are a new emerging technology, their fabrication faces various challenges that must be resolved for them to redeem themselves as a viable pharmaceutical option. This article discusses hydrogel microneedles from a material perspective, regardless of their mechanism of action. It cites the recent advances in their formulation, presents relevant fabrication and characterization methods, and discusses manufacturing and regulatory challenges facing these emerging technologies before their approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bana Shriky
- Faculty of Engineering and Digital Technologies, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
| | | | - Ben R. Whiteside
- Faculty of Engineering and Digital Technologies, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
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Khalid R, Mahmood S, Mohamed Sofian Z, Hilles AR, Hashim NM, Ge Y. Microneedles and Their Application in Transdermal Delivery of Antihypertensive Drugs-A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2029. [PMID: 37631243 PMCID: PMC10459756 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most cutting-edge, effective, and least invasive pharmaceutical innovations is the utilization of microneedles (MNs) for drug delivery, patient monitoring, diagnostics, medicine or vaccine delivery, and other medical procedures (e.g., intradermal vaccination, allergy testing, dermatology, and blood sampling). The MN-based system offers many advantages, such as minimal cost, high medical effectiveness, comparatively good safety, and painless drug application. Drug delivery through MNs can possibly be viewed as a viable instrument for various macromolecules (e.g., proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids) that are not efficiently administered through traditional approaches. This review article provides an overview of MN-based research in the transdermal delivery of hypertensive drugs. The critical attributes of microneedles are discussed, including the mechanism of drug release, pharmacokinetics, fabrication techniques, therapeutic applications, and upcoming challenges. Furthermore, the therapeutic perspective and improved bioavailability of hypertensive drugs that are poorly aqueous-soluble are also discussed. This focused review provides an overview of reported studies and the recent progress of MN-based delivery of hypertensive drugs, paving the way for future pharmaceutical uses. As MN-based drug administration bypasses first-pass metabolism and the high variability in drug plasma levels, it has grown significantly more important for systemic therapy. In conclusion, MN-based drug delivery of hypertensive drugs for increasing bioavailability and patient compliance could support a new trend of hypertensive drug delivery and provide an alternative option, overcoming the restrictions of the current dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (R.K.); (Z.M.S.)
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (R.K.); (Z.M.S.)
| | - Zarif Mohamed Sofian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (R.K.); (Z.M.S.)
| | - Ayah R. Hilles
- INHART, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia;
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Center for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yi Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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Zheng Y, Fan W, Jiang L, Lu Y. Sonophoresis enhances the skin penetration of 5-aminolevulinic acid: A promising pretreatment for photodynamic therapy. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1939-1943. [PMID: 36089333 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has a poor penetrance of the skin with topical application, which reduces the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Sonophoresis involves the use of sound waves or ultrasonic energy to enhance the topical or transdermal delivery of drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sonophoresis on the penetration of 5-ALA into the skin. We calculated in vitro transdermal accumulation of ALA, and the fluorescence images were collected for analysis. The cumulative amount of 5-ALA that penetrated the skin with sonophoresis increased over time and was significantly larger than that without sonophoresis (p < 0.01). With 5% 5-ALA and sonophoresis, the distinct localization of 5-ALA-PpIX in sebaceous glands started to appear 30 min after 5-ALA application, which is much earlier than with 5% 5-ALA only. For all incubation times, fluorescence intensities distributing in sebaceous glands were significantly higher in sonophoresis treated than non-sonophoresis treated skin (p < 0.05). Sonophoresis could be a technique of choice for enhancing the production of 5-ALA-induced PpIX and improving the efficacy of 5-ALA-based PDT, which may decrease the treatment time, lower the cost of therapy and enhance the clinical improvement, allowing many more patients to be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Fan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of pharmacognosy, School of traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang L, Du W, Li X, Ling G, Zhang P. Dissolving microneedles based on polysaccharide for dermatological diseases therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhang XP, He YT, Li WX, Chen BZ, Zhang CY, Cui Y, Guo XD. An update on biomaterials as microneedle matrixes for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6059-6077. [PMID: 35916308 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00905f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) have been developed for various applications such as drug delivery, cosmetics, diagnosis, and biosensing. To meet the requirements of MNs used in these areas, numerous materials have been used for the fabrication of MNs. However, MNs will be exposed to skin tissues after piercing the stratum corneum barrier. Thus, it is necessary to ensure that the matrix materials of MNs have the characteristics of low toxicity, good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and sufficient mechanical properties for clinical application. In this review, the matrix materials currently used for preparing MNs are summarized and reviewed in terms of these factors. In addition, MN products used on the market and their applications are summarized in the end. This work may provide some basic information to researchers in the selection of MN matrix materials and in developing new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wen Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Can Yang Zhang
- Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Division, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, East Street Cherry Park, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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Ulloa Rojas JE, Oliveira VLD, de Araujo DR, Tofoli GR, de Oliveira MM, Carastan DJ, Palaci M, Giuntini F, Alves WA. Silk Fibroin/Poly(vinyl Alcohol) Microneedles as Carriers for the Delivery of Singlet Oxygen Photosensitizers. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:128-139. [PMID: 34752076 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical treatment in which a combination of a photosensitizing drug and visible light produces highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that leads to cell death. One of the main drawbacks of PDT for topical treatments is the limited skin penetration of some photosensitizers commonly used in this therapy. In this study, we propose the use of polymeric microneedles (MNs) prepared from silk fibroin and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to increase the penetration efficiency of porphyrin as possible applications in photodynamic therapy. The microneedle arrays were fabricated from mixtures in different proportions (1:0, 7:3, 1:1, 3:7, and 0:1) of silk fibroin and PVA solutions (7%); the polymer solutions were cast in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds and dried overnight. Patches containing grids of 10 × 10 microneedles with a square-based pyramidal shape were successfully produced through this approach. The polymer microneedle arrays showed good mechanical strength under compression force and sufficient insertion depth in both Parafilm M and excised porcine skin at different application forces (5, 20, 30, and 40 N) using a commercial applicator. We observe an increase in the cumulative permeation of 5-[4-(2-carboxyethanoyl) aminophenyl]-10,15,20-tris-(4-sulphonatophenyl) porphyrin trisodium through porcine skin treated with the polymer microneedles after 24 h. MNs may be a promising carrier for the transdermal delivery of photosensitizers for PDT, improving the permeation of photosensitizer molecules through the skin, thus improving the efficiency of this therapy for topical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Eduardo Ulloa Rojas
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, 09210-580 SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian Leite de Oliveira
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, 09210-580 SP, Brazil
| | | | - Giovana Radomille Tofoli
- São Leopoldo Mandic Faculty, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Institute, Campinas, 01332-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Mendes de Oliveira
- Center for Engineering Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, 09210-580 SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Justino Carastan
- Center for Engineering Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, 09210-580 SP, Brazil
| | - Moises Palaci
- Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, 29075-910 ES, Brazil
| | - Francesca Giuntini
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Byrom Street Campus, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K
| | - Wendel Andrade Alves
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, 09210-580 SP, Brazil
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de Faria CMG, Barrera-Patiño CP, Santana JPP, da Silva de Avó LR, Bagnato VS. Tumor radiosensitization by photobiomodulation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 225:112349. [PMID: 34742031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the safety of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) in tumors and its potential as a radiosensitizer when combined with radiotherapy. METHODS We have performed in vitro experiments in A431 cells to assess proliferation and cell cycle after PBM, as well as clonogenic assay and H2AX-gamma immunolabeling to quantify double strand breaks after the combination of PBM and radiation. In vivo experiments in xenografts included Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histological analysis. RESULTS PBM did not induce proliferation in vitro, but increased the G2/M fraction by 27% 24h after illumination, resulting in an enhancement of 30% in radiation effect in the clonogenic assay. The median survival of the PBM-RT group increased by 4 days and the hazard ratio was 0.417 (CI 95%: 0.173-1.006) when compared to radiation alone. OCT analysis over time demonstrated that PBM increases tumor necrosis due to radiation, and histological analysis showed that illumination increased cell differentiation and angiogenesis, which may play a role in the synergetic effect of PBM and radiation. CONCLUSION PBM technique may be one of the most appropriate approaches for radiosensitizing tumors while protecting normal tissue because of its low cost and low training requirements for staff.
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Dissolving Microneedle Formulation of Ceftriaxone: Effect of Polymer Concentrations on Characterisation and Ex Vivo Permeation Study. J Pharm Innov 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-021-09593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Faraji Rad Z, Prewett PD, Davies GJ. An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:1034-1046. [PMID: 34621614 PMCID: PMC8450954 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microneedle-based microdevices promise to expand the scope for delivery of vaccines and therapeutic agents through the skin and withdrawing biofluids for point-of-care diagnostics - so-called theranostics. Unskilled and painless applications of microneedle patches for blood collection or drug delivery are two of the advantages of microneedle arrays over hypodermic needles. Developing the necessary microneedle fabrication processes has the potential to dramatically impact the health care delivery system by changing the landscape of fluid sampling and subcutaneous drug delivery. Microneedle designs which range from sub-micron to millimetre feature sizes are fabricated using the tools of the microelectronics industry from metals, silicon, and polymers. Various types of subtractive and additive manufacturing processes have been used to manufacture microneedles, but the development of microneedle-based systems using conventional subtractive methods has been constrained by the limitations and high cost of microfabrication technology. Additive manufacturing processes such as 3D printing and two-photon polymerization fabrication are promising transformative technologies developed in recent years. The present article provides an overview of microneedle systems applications, designs, material selection, and manufacturing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Faraji Rad
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD 4300, Australia
| | - Philip D Prewett
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Oxacus Ltd, Dorchester-on-Thames, OX10 7HN, United Kingdom
| | - Graham J Davies
- Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Australia, NSW 2052, Australia
- College of Engineering & Physical Sciences, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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