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Elia E, Brownell D, Chabaud S, Bolduc S. Tissue Engineering for Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Tracts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010009. [PMID: 36613452 PMCID: PMC9820091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts share several similarities. Primarily, these tissues are composed of hollow structures lined by an epithelium through which materials need to flow with the help of peristalsis brought by muscle contraction. In the case of the gastrointestinal tract, solid or liquid food must circulate to be digested and absorbed and the waste products eliminated. In the case of the urinary tract, the urine produced by the kidneys must flow to the bladder, where it is stored until its elimination from the body. Finally, in the case of the vagina, it must allow the evacuation of blood during menstruation, accommodate the male sexual organ during coitus, and is the natural way to birth a child. The present review describes the anatomy, pathologies, and treatments of such organs, emphasizing tissue engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Elia
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - David Brownell
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-525-4444 (ext. 42282)
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Haghdel M, Imanieh MH, Hosseinpour H, Ghasemi Y, Alizadeh AA. Development of Bio-artificial Esophageal Tissue Engineering Utilization for Circumferential Lesion Transplantation: A Narrative Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:406-421. [PMID: 36117582 PMCID: PMC9445863 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2021.89194.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The esophagus is the gastrointestinal tract's primary organ that transfers bolus into the stomach with peristaltic motion. Therefore, its lesions cause a significant disturbance in the nutrition and digestive system. Esophageal disease treatment sometimes requires surgical procedures that involve removal and circumferential full-thickness replacement. Unlike other organs, the esophagus has a limited regeneration ability and cannot be transplanted from donors. There are various methods of restoring the esophageal continuity; however, they are associated with certain flaws that lead to a non-functional recovery. As an exponentially growing science, tissue engineering has become a leading technique for the development of tissue replacement to repair damaged esophageal segments. Scaffold plays a significant role in the process of tissue engineering, as it acts as a template for the regeneration of growing tissue. A variety of scaffolds have been studied to replace the esophagus. Due to the many tissue quality challenges, the results are still inadequate and need to be improved. The success of esophageal tissue regeneration will finally depend on the scaffold's capability to mimic natural tissue properties and provide a qualified environment for regeneration. Thereby, scaffold fabrication techniques are fundamental. This article reviews the recent developments in esophageal tissue engineering for the treatment of circumferential lesions based on scaffold biomaterial engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobin Haghdel
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Imanieh
- Department of Pediatrics Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Hosseinpour
- Department of Surgery, Shiraz Laparoscopic Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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3
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Schizas D, Frountzas M, Sgouromallis E, Spartalis E, Mylonas KS, Papaioannou TG, Dimitroulis D, Nikiteas N. Esophageal defect repair by artificial scaffolds: a systematic review of experimental studies and proportional meta-analysis. Dis Esophagus 2021; 34:5917398. [PMID: 33016317 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doaa104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The traditional technique of gastrointestinal reconstruction of the esophagus after esophagectomy presents plenty of complications. Hence, tissue engineering has been introduced as an effective artificial alternative with potentially fewer complications. Three types of esophageal scaffolds have been used in experimental studies so far. The aim of our meta-analysis is to present the postoperative outcomes after esophageal replacement with artificial scaffolds and the investigation of possible factors that affect these outcomes. METHODS The present proportional meta-analysis was designed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews guidelines. We searched Medline, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CENTRAL, and Google Scholar databases from inception until February 2020. RESULTS Overall, 32 studies were included that recruited 587 animals. The pooled morbidity after esophageal scaffold implantation was 53.4% (95% CI = 36.6-70.0%). The pooled survival interval was 111.1 days (95% CI = 65.5-156.8 days). Graft stenosis (46%), postoperative dysphagia (15%), and anastomotic leak (12%) were the most common complications after esophageal scaffold implantation. Animals that underwent an implantation of an artificial scaffold in the thoracic part of their esophagus presented higher survival rates than animals that underwent scaffold implantation in the cervical or abdominal part of their esophagus (P < 0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively). CONCLUSION Tissue engineering seems to offer an effective alternative for the repair of esophageal defects in animal models. Nevertheless, issues like graft stenosis and lack of motility of the esophageal scaffolds need to be addressed in future experimental studies before scaffolds can be tested in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Hellenic Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery Study Group, Athens, Greece
| | - Maximos Frountzas
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocration General Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Hellenic Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery Study Group, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Sgouromallis
- Third Department of Surgery, Athens General Hospital "Georgios Gennimatas", Athens, Greece.,Hellenic Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery Study Group, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos S Mylonas
- First Department of Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore G Papaioannou
- First Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering Unit, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Dimitroulis
- Hellenic Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery Study Group, Athens, Greece.,Second Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikiteas
- Hellenic Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery Study Group, Athens, Greece.,Second Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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4
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Gundogdu G, Morhardt D, Cristofaro V, Algarrahi K, Yang X, Costa K, Alegria CG, Sullivan MP, Mauney JR. Evaluation of Bilayer Silk Fibroin Grafts for Tubular Esophagoplasty in a Porcine Defect Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:103-116. [PMID: 32460641 PMCID: PMC7826443 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical reconstruction of tubular esophageal defects with autologous gastrointestinal segments is the gold standard treatment to replace damaged or diseased esophageal tissues. Unfortunately, this approach is associated with adverse complications, including dysphagia, donor-site morbidity, and in some cases patient death. Bilayer silk fibroin (BLSF) scaffolds were investigated as alternative, acellular grafts for tubular esophagoplasty in a porcine defect model for 3 months of implantation. Adult Yucatan mini-swine (n = 5) were subjected to esophageal reconstruction with tubular BLSF grafts (2 cm in length) in combination with transient esophageal stenting for 2 months followed by a 1-month period, where the graft site was unstented. All animals receiving BLSF grafts survived and were capable of solid food consumption, however strictures were noted at graft regions in 60% of the experimental cohort between 2 and 3 months postop and required balloon dilation. In addition, fluoroscopic analysis showed peristaltic function in only 1/5 neotissues. Following swine harvest at 3 months, ex vivo tissue bath evaluations revealed that neoconduits exhibited contractile responses to carbachol, electric field stimulation, and KCl, whereas sodium nitroprusside and isoproterenol induced relaxation effects. Histological (Masson's Trichrome) and immunohistochemical analyses of regenerated tissue conduits showed a stratified, squamous epithelium expressing pan-cytokeratins buttressed by a vascularized lamina propria containing a smooth muscle-rich muscularis mucosa surrounded by a muscularis externa. Neuronal density, characterized by the presence of synaptophysin-positive boutons, was significantly lower in neotissues in comparison to nonsurgical controls. BLSF scaffolds represent a promising platform for the repair of tubular esophageal defects, however improvements in scaffold design are needed to reduce the rate of complications and improve the extent of constructive tissue remodeling. Impact statement The search for a superior "off-the-shelf" scaffold capable of repairing tubularesophageal defects as well as overcoming limitations associated with conventional autologous gastrointestinal segments remains elusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of an acellular, bilayer silk fibroin graft (BLSF) for tubular esophagoplasty in a porcine model. Our results demonstrated that BLSF scaffolds supported the formation of tubular neotissues with innervated, vascularized epithelial and muscular components capable of contractile and relaxation responses. BLSF scaffolds represent a promising platform for esophageal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Gundogdu
- Departments of Urology and Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Duncan Morhardt
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vivian Cristofaro
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Urology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Khalid Algarrahi
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xuehui Yang
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle Costa
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cinthia Galvez Alegria
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maryrose P. Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Urology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua R. Mauney
- Departments of Urology and Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California, USA
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Nam H, Jeong HJ, Jo Y, Lee JY, Ha DH, Kim JH, Chung JH, Cho YS, Cho DW, Lee SJ, Jang J. Multi-layered Free-form 3D Cell-printed Tubular Construct with Decellularized Inner and Outer Esophageal Tissue-derived Bioinks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7255. [PMID: 32350326 PMCID: PMC7190629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidences of various esophageal diseases (e.g., congenital esophageal stenosis, tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal atresia, esophageal cancer) are increasing, but esophageal tissue is difficult to be recovered because of its weak regenerative capability. There are no commercialized off-the-shelf alternatives to current esophageal reconstruction and regeneration methods. Surgeons usually use ectopic conduit tissues including stomach and intestine, presumably inducing donor site morbidity and severe complications. To date, polymer-based esophageal substitutes have been studied as an alternative. However, the fabrication techniques are nearly limited to creating only cylindrical outer shapes with the help of additional apparatus (e.g., mandrels for electrospinning) and are unable to recapitulate multi-layered characteristic or complex-shaped inner architectures. 3D bioprinting is known as a suitable method to fabricate complex free-form tubular structures with desired pore characteristic. In this study, we developed a extrusion-based 3D printing technique to control the size and the shape of the pore in a single extrusion process, so that the fabricated structure has a higher flexibility than that fabricated in the conventional process. Based on this suggested technique, we developed a bioprinted 3D esophageal structure with multi-layered features and converged with biochemical microenvironmental cues of esophageal tissue by using decellularizedbioinks from mucosal and muscular layers of native esophageal tissues. The two types of esophageal tissue derived-decellularized extracellular matrix bioinks can mimic the inherent components and composition of original tissues with layer specificity. This structure can be applied to full-thickness circumferential esophageal defects and esophageal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoryung Nam
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Jin Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonggwon Jo
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Heon Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Collage of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Chung
- Department of Surgery, Collage of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sam Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinah Jang
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Hori Y, Nakamura T, Matsumoto K, Kurokawa Y, Satomi S, Shimizu Y. Tissue Engineering of the Small Intestine by Acellular Collagen Sponge Scaffold Grafting. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880102400109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering of the small intestine will prove a great benefit to patients suffering from short bowel disease. However cell seeding in tissue engineering, such as fetal cell use, is accompanied by problems of ethical issues, rejection, and short supply. To overcome these problems, we carried out an experimental study on tissue engineering of the small intestine by acellular collagen sponge scaffold grafting. We resected the 5 cm long jejunum from beagle dogs and reconstructed it by acellular collagen sponge grafting with a silicon tube stent. The graft was covered with the omentum. At 1 month after operation, the silicon stent was removed endoscopically. Animals were sacrificed 1 and 4 months after operation, and were examined microscopically. Neo-intestinal regeneration was observed and the intestinal mucosa covered the luminal side of the regenerated intestine across the anastomosis. Thus, the small intestine was regenerated by tissue engineering technology using an acellular collagen sponge scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Hori
- Department of Bioartificial Organs, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto - Japan
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Tohoku - Japan
| | - T. Nakamura
- Department of Bioartificial Organs, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto - Japan
| | - K. Matsumoto
- Department of Bioartificial Organs, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto - Japan
| | - Y. Kurokawa
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Tohoku - Japan
| | - S. Satomi
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Tohoku - Japan
| | - Y. Shimizu
- Department of Bioartificial Organs, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto - Japan
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Biswas B, Sen TB, Singh B, Datta R. Inverse skin tube as an oesophageal substitute’ -an experimental study. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12055-002-0015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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8
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Wake MC, Gupta PK, Mikos AG. Fabrication of Pliable Biodegradable Polymer foams to Engineer Soft Tissues. Cell Transplant 2017; 5:465-73. [PMID: 8800514 DOI: 10.1177/096368979600500405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have fabricated pliable, porous, biodegradable scaffolds with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) blends using a solvent-casting and particulate-leaching technique. Our study investigated the effects of four different processing parameters on pliability and pore morphology of the biodegradable scaffolds. The parameters investigated were the PLGA copolymer ratio, the PLGA/PEG blend ratio, the initial salt weight fraction, and the salt particle size. A wide range of shear moduli (0.59 to 9.55 MPa), porosities (0.798 to 0.942), and median pore diameters (71 to 154 μm) was able to be achieved by varying the combination of these parameters. Our study indicates that initial salt weight fraction and PLGA/PEG blend ratio have the most significant effects on the physico-mechanical properties of the scaffolds. Enhanced pliability of the three dimensional foams made with blends of PLGA and PEG is evidenced by the ability to roll them into a tube without macroscopic damage to the scaffold. Pliable polymer substrates hold great promise for regeneration of soft tissues such as skin, or those requiring a tubular conformation such as intestine or vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Wake
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cox Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston TX 77251-1892, USA
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9
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Lee E, Milan A, Urbani L, De Coppi P, Lowdell MW. Decellularized material as scaffolds for tissue engineering studies in long gap esophageal atresia. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:573-584. [PMID: 28303723 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1308482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Esophageal atresia refers to an anomaly in foetal development in which the esophagus terminates in a blind end. Whilst surgical correction is achievable in most patients, when a long gap is present it still represents a major challenge associated with higher morbidity and mortality. In this context, tissue engineering could represent a successful alternative to restore oesophageal function and structure. Naturally derived biomaterials made of decellularized tissues retain native extracellular matrix architecture and composition, providing a suitable bed for the anchorage and growth of relevant cell types. Areas covered: This review outlines the various strategies and challenges in esophageal tissue engineering, highlighting the evolution of ideas in the development of decellularized scaffolds for clinical use. It explores the interplay between clinical needs, ethical dilemmas, and manufacturing challenges in the development of a tissue engineered decellularized scaffold for oesophageal atresia. Expert opinion: Current progress on oesophageal tissue engineering has enabled effective repair of patch defects, whilst the development of a full circumferential construct remains a challenge. Despite the different approaches available and the improvements achieved, a gold standard for fully functional tissue engineered oesophageal constructs has not been defined yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmond Lee
- a Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics , Royal Free Hospital , London , UK.,b Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA.,c Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore
| | - Anna Milan
- d Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section , UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London , UK
| | - Luca Urbani
- d Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section , UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London , UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- d Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section , UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London , UK
| | - Mark W Lowdell
- a Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics , Royal Free Hospital , London , UK
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Dorati R, De Trizio A, Marconi S, Ferrara A, Auricchio F, Genta I, Modena T, Benazzo M, Benazzo A, Volpato G, Conti B. Design of a Bioabsorbable Multilayered Patch for Esophagus Tissue Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [PMID: 28128890 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A gold standard for esophagus reconstruction is not still available. The present work aims to design a polymer patch combining synthetic polylactide-co-polycaprolacton and chitosan biopolymers, tailoring patch properties to esophageal tissue characteristics by a temperature-induced precipitation method, to get multilayered patches (1L, 2L, and 3L). Characterization shows stable multilayered patches (1L and 2L) by selection of copolymer type, and their M w . In vitro investigation of the functional patch properties in simulated physiologic and pathologic conditions demonstrates that the chitosan layer (patch 3L) decreases patch stability and cell adhesion, while improves cell proliferation. Patches 2L and 3L comply with physiological esophageal pressure (3-5 kPa) and elongation (20%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Dorati
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella De Trizio
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Marconi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrara
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Auricchio
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ida Genta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Modena
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Benazzo
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pavia, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Benazzo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gino Volpato
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pavia, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Bice Conti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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11
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Londono R, Badylak SF. Regenerative Medicine Strategies for Esophageal Repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:393-410. [PMID: 25813694 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pathologies that involve the structure and/or function of the esophagus can be life-threatening. The esophagus is a complex organ comprising nonredundant tissue that does not have the ability to regenerate. Currently available interventions for esophageal pathology have limited success and are typically associated with significant morbidity. Hence, there is currently an unmet clinical need for effective methods of esophageal repair. The present article presents a review of esophageal disease along with the anatomic and functional consequences of each pathologic process, the shortcomings associated with currently available therapies, and the latest advancements in the field of regenerative medicine with respect to strategies for esophageal repair from benchtop to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Londono
- 1 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- 1 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE Long-gap esophageal atresia represents a significant challenge for pediatric surgeons and current surgical approaches are associated with significant morbidity. A tissue-engineered esophagus, comprising cells seeded onto a scaffold, represents a therapeutic alternative. In this study, we aimed to determine the optimal techniques for isolation and culture of mouse esophageal epithelial cells and to isolate CD34-positive esophageal epithelial stem cells from cadaveric mouse specimens. METHODS Primary epithelial cells were isolated from mouse esophagi by enzymatic dissociation from the mucosal layer (Dispase, Trypsin/EDTA) using three different protocols. In protocol A, isolated mucosa was minced and incubated with trypsin once. In protocol B, intact mucosal sheets underwent two trypsin incubations yielding a single-cell suspension. In protocol C, intact mucosa explants were plated epithelial side down. Epithelial cells were cultured on collagen-coated wells. RESULTS Initial findings showed that Protocol B gave the best results in terms of yield, viability, and least contamination with different cell types and microbes. Esophageal epithelial cells isolated using Protocol B were stained for CD34 and sorted using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Of the total cells sorted, 8.3% (2-11.3) [%median (range)] were CD34 positive. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that mouse esophageal epithelial cells can be successfully isolated from fresh mouse esophagi using two consecutive trypsin incubations of intact mucosal sheets. Furthermore, the cells obtained using this method were successfully stained for CD34, a putative esophageal epithelial stem cell marker. Further research into the factors necessary for the successful proliferation of CD34 positive stem cell lines is needed to progress toward clinical application.
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Cardoso VS, Quelemes PV, Amorin A, Primo FL, Gobo GG, Tedesco AC, Mafud AC, Mascarenhas YP, Corrêa JR, Kuckelhaus SAS, Eiras C, Leite JRSA, Silva D, dos Santos Júnior JR. Collagen-based silver nanoparticles for biological applications: synthesis and characterization. J Nanobiotechnology 2014; 12:36. [PMID: 25223611 PMCID: PMC4428528 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-014-0036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Shi D, Tatu R, Liu Q, Hosseinkhani H. Stem Cell-Based Tissue Engineering for Regenerative Medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984414300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The applications of stem cells in tissue engineering will show great promise in generating tailor-made tissue/organs for clinical applications. This paper gives a review on a broad spectrum of areas in stem cell-based tissue engineering including neuron repair, cardiac patches, skin regeneration, gene therapy and cartilage tissue engineering. This paper is intended to serve as an informative tutorial for scientists and physicians from fields other than stem cells and tissue engineering. It will shed light on various strategies of target tissue/organ repair involving stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Cardiology of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0072, USA
| | - Rigwed Tatu
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0072, USA
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Cardiology of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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Abstract
Esophageal atresia occurs in 1 out of 3000 births. Current treatments involve esophageal replacement by using more distal parts of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the stomach, jejunum, and colon. Significant complications are associated with each treatment option. Tissue engineering may provide a therapeutic alternative for esophageal replacement. This article addresses the progress in esophageal tissue engineering using acellular and cell-seeded approaches. In addition, we discuss the potential direction of future approaches by critically appraising the results in the recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Maghsoudlou
- Surgery Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Simon Eaton
- Surgery Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Surgery Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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Hoogenkamp HR, Koens MJW, Geutjes PJ, Ainoedhofer H, Wanten G, Tiemessen DM, Hilborn J, Gupta B, Feitz WFJ, Daamen WF, Saxena AK, Oosterwijk E, van Kuppevelt TH. Seamless vascularized large-diameter tubular collagen scaffolds reinforced with polymer knittings for esophageal regenerative medicine. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 20:423-30. [PMID: 24099067 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A clinical demand exists for alternatives to repair the esophagus in case of congenital defects, cancer, or trauma. A seamless biocompatible off-the-shelf large-diameter tubular scaffold, which is accessible for vascularization, could set the stage for regenerative medicine of the esophagus. The use of seamless scaffolds eliminates the error-prone tubularization step, which is necessary when emanating from flat scaffolds. In this study, we developed and characterized three different types of seamless tubular scaffolds, and evaluated in vivo tissue compatibility, including vascularization by omental wrapping. Scaffolds (luminal Ø ∼ 1.5 cm) were constructed using freezing, lyophilizing, and cross-linking techniques and included (1) single-layered porous collagen scaffold, (2) dual-layered (porous+dense) collagen scaffold, and (3) hybrid scaffold (collagen+incorporated polycaprolacton knitting). The latter had an ultimate tensile strength comparable to a porcine esophagus. To induce rapid vascularization, scaffolds were implanted in the omentum of sheep using a wrapping technique. After 6 weeks of biocompatibility, vascularization, calcification, and hypoxia were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Scaffolds were biocompatible, and cellular influx and ingrowth of blood vessels were observed throughout the whole scaffold. No calcification was observed, and slight hypoxic conditions were detected only in the direct vicinity of the polymer knitting. It is concluded that seamless large-diameter tubular collagen-based scaffolds can be constructed and vascularized in vivo. Such scaffolds provide novel tools for esophageal reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk R Hoogenkamp
- 1 Department of Biochemistry 280, RIMLS, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Luc G, Durand M, Collet D, Guillemot F, Bordenave L. Esophageal tissue engineering. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 11:225-41. [PMID: 24387697 DOI: 10.1586/17434440.2014.870470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal tissue engineering is still in an early state, and ideal methods have not been developed. Since the beginning of the 20th century, advances have been made in the materials that can be used to produce an esophageal substitute. Three approaches to scaffold-based tissue engineering have yielded good results. The first development concerned non-absorbable constructs based on silicone and collagen. The need to remove the silicone tube is the main disadvantage of this material. Polymeric absorbable scaffolds have been used since the 1990s. The main polymeric material used is poly (glycolic) acid combined with collagen. The problem of stenosis remains prevalent in most studies using an absorbable construct. Finally, decellularized scaffolds have been used since 2000. The promises of this new approach are unfulfilled. Indeed, stenosis occurs when the esophageal defect is circumferential regardless of the scaffold materials. Cell supplementation can decrease the rate of stenosis, but the type(s) of cells and their roles have not been defined. Finally, esophageal tissue engineering cannot provide a functional esophageal substitute, and further development is necessary prior to conducting human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Luc
- Department of Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Haut-Lévêque, Av de Magellan, 33604 Pessac cedex, France
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Totonelli G, Maghsoudlou P, Fishman JM, Orlando G, Ansari T, Sibbons P, Birchall MA, Pierro A, Eaton S, De Coppi P. Esophageal tissue engineering: A new approach for esophageal replacement. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:6900-7. [PMID: 23322987 PMCID: PMC3531673 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i47.6900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of congenital and acquired disorders require esophageal tissue replacement. Various surgical techniques, such as gastric and colonic interposition, are standards of treatment, but frequently complicated by stenosis and other problems. Regenerative medicine approaches facilitate the use of biological constructs to replace or regenerate normal tissue function. We review the literature of esophageal tissue engineering, discuss its implications, compare the methodologies that have been employed and suggest possible directions for the future. Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, National Research Register and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched with the following search terms: stem cell and esophagus, esophageal replacement, esophageal tissue engineering, esophageal substitution. Reference lists of papers identified were also examined and experts in this field contacted for further information. All full-text articles in English of all potentially relevant abstracts were reviewed. Tissue engineering has involved acellular scaffolds that were either transplanted with the aim of being repopulated by host cells or seeded prior to transplantation. When acellular scaffolds were used to replace patch and short tubular defects they allowed epithelial and partial muscular migration whereas when employed for long tubular defects the results were poor leading to an increased rate of stenosis and mortality. Stenting has been shown as an effective means to reduce stenotic changes and promote cell migration, whilst omental wrapping to induce vascularization of the construct has an uncertain benefit. Decellularized matrices have been recently suggested as the optimal choice for scaffolds, but smart polymers that will incorporate signalling to promote cell-scaffold interaction may provide a more reproducible and available solution. Results in animal models that have used seeded scaffolds strongly sug- gest that seeding of both muscle and epithelial cells on scaffolds prior to implantation is a prerequisite for complete esophageal replacement. Novel approaches need to be designed to allow for peristalsis and vascularization in the engineered esophagus. Although esophageal tissue engineering potentially offers a real alternative to conventional treatments for severe esophageal disease, important barriers remain that need to be addressed.
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RAMSHAW JOHNAM, VAUGHAN PAULR, WERKMEISTER JEROMEA. APPLICATIONS OF COLLAGEN IN MEDICAL DEVICES. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-APPLICATIONS BASIS COMMUNICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.4015/s1016237201000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant natural protein found in living systems. While there is a whole family of different collagen types, each differing in sequence, the properties that make this protein so attractive as the building blocks for medical devices, are reflected largely by the unique fibrillar structure of the molecule, as well as defined functional regions that interact with the surrounding cells and other matrix components. As a commercial medical product, collagen can be part of the natural tissue used in the device, or it can be fabricated as a reconstituted product from animal or recombinant sources. Both types of uses have distinct properties that convey advantages and disadvantages to the end product. This review examines the chemistry and biology of collagen and describes some well-documented examples of collagen-based medical devices produced in one or other of these formats.
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Liu X, Huang C, Feng Y, Liang J, Fan Y, Gu Z, Zhang X. Reinforcement of a Porous Collagen Scaffold with Surface-Activated PLA Fibers. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 21:963-77. [DOI: 10.1163/156856209x461034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- a National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Changbin Huang
- b National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Feng
- c National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liang
- d National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- e National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- f National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- g National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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21
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Kuppan P, Sethuraman S, Krishnan UM. Tissue engineering interventions for esophageal disorders--promises and challenges. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1481-92. [PMID: 22484299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The diseases of the esophagus include congenital defects like atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula as well as others such as gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, carcinoma and strictures. All esophageal disorders require surgical intervention and reconstruction with appropriate substitutes. Primary anastomosis is used to treat most cases but treatment of long gap atresia still remains a clinical challenge. Autologous graft therapies using tissues from colon, and small and large intestine or gastric transplantations have been attempted but have constraints like leakage, infection and stenosis at the implanted site, which leads to severe morbidity and mortality. An alternative for autologous grafts are allogenic and xenogenic grafts, which have better availability but disease transmission and immunogenicity limit their applications. Use of biodegradable and biocompatible scaffolds to engineer the esophagus promises to be an effective regenerative strategy for treatment of esophageal disorders. Nanotopography of the fibrous scaffolds mimics the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tissue and incorporation of chemical cues and tailoring mechanical properties provide the right microenvironment for co-culture of different cell types. Scaffolds cultured with esophageal cells (epithelial cells, fibroblast and smooth muscle cells) might show enhancement of the biofunctionality in vivo. This review attempts to address the various strategies and challenges involved in successful tissue engineering of the esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purushothaman Kuppan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Tan J, Chua C, Leong K, Chian K, Leong W, Tan L. Esophageal tissue engineering: An in-depth review on scaffold design. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 109:1-15. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.23323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Abstract
Carbodiimides were employed for cross-linking of gelatin through amide bond formation to avoid any foreign bond incorporation into the cross-linked gelatin molecules. Cross-linking of gelatin was performed not in aqueous solution but in the form of a film under a heterogenous condition. Ethanol-water mixtures were used as the reaction medium to prevent dissolution of gelatin films. The optimal ethanol concentration in the ethanol-water mixtures was around 80 vol%, and the water content of the cross-linked gelatin film attained after swelling with water at 25 degrees C was as low as 55 wt%. A water-soluble carbodiimide (l-ethyl-3[3-dimethylaminoprophyl] carbodiimide) was more effective for gelatin cross-linking than a water-insoluble carbodiimide (1,3-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide). The optimal temperature for cross-linking with the water-soluble carbodiimide ranged between 15 and 25 degrees C. It was concluded that gelatin cross-linking with carbodiimides is as effective as that with glutaraldehyde, which is most widely used despite the toxicity, at least, so far as the water content of cross-linked gelatin film is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tomihata
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan
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Nakamura T, Ohmori K, Kanemaru SI. Tissue-engineered airway and "in situ tissue engineering". Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 59:91-7. [PMID: 21308434 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-010-0677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1980s, tissue engineering has become one of the major areas of endeavor in medical research, applying the principles of biology and engineering to the development of functional substitutes for damaged tissue. Using this technology, various attempts have been made to create and apply a tissue-engineered prosthetic trachea, or airway. In addition to the conventional tissue engineering approach, a new substantially different concept has been advocated in Japan since 2000. This is "in situ tissue engineering," where a tissue is created not in vitro but in vivo, exploiting the potential of the living body for wound healing. An artificial trachea created by in situ tissue engineering has already been applied in human patients for reconstruction of airway defects, and promising results have been obtained. This article reviews recent progress in the relatively new field of airway reconstruction employing tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Nakamura
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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25
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Hu M, Wen W, Xiao H, Niu Y. Effect of chondroitin sulfate modification on rhBMP-2 release kinetics from collagen delivery system. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:693-701. [PMID: 19263491 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Protein delivery systems focus on protecting the protein that directly affects release kinetics. This study was carried out to determine the effect of surface polar group and fiber structure in a recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) protecting system based on a collagen matrix on its pharmacokinetics (PK) and osteoinductive activity In this study, two types of collagen carriers were made for rhBMP-2 protecting system. The PKs of rhBMPs within collagen (Col) and collagen-chondroitin sulfate (Col-CS) carriers were determined using (125)I-labeled proteins in rat ectopic assay. The two carriers were characterized with surface energy and hydrophilicity. We observed that the osteoinductivity of these two scaffolds seemed to depend on two parameters: the nature of the carrier material and the release kinetics of the carriers. Results indicated that with CS modification, the initial burst release of rhBMP-2 from Col-CS scaffold was much higher than collagen scaffold. The subsequent PKs at longer times were not strongly dependent on the carriers. These differences were expected to affect the osteoinductive activity of the implants. It was concluded that surface energy played a significant role in the release PK of implanted rhBMP and higher initial burst is favorable to bone regeneration near the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
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26
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Ritchie AC, Wijaya S, Ong WF, Zhong SP, Chian KS. Dependence of alignment direction on magnitude of strain in esophageal smooth muscle cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:1703-11. [PMID: 19170241 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The response of cells in vitro to mechanical forces has been the subject of much research using devices to exert controlled mechanical stimulation on cultured cells or isolated tissue. In this study, esophageal smooth muscle cells were seeded on flexible polyurethane membranes to form a confluent cell layer. The cells were then subjected to uniform cyclic stretch of varying magnitudes at a frequency of approximately five cycles per minute in a custom made mechatronic bioreactor, providing similar strains experienced in the in vivo mechanical environment of the esophagus. The results show that the orientation response is dependent on the magnitude of cyclic stretch applied. Smooth muscle cells showed parallel alignment to the force direction at low cyclic strains (2%) compared to the hill-valley morphology of static controls. At higher strains (5% and 10% magnitude), the cells exhibited a consistent alignment perpendicular to the strain. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the alignment direction's dependence on strain magnitude has been demonstrated. MTS analysis indicated that cell metabolism was reduced when mechanical strain was applied, and proliferation was inhibited by mechanical strain. Protein expression indicates a decrease in smooth muscle alpha-actin, indicative of changes in cell phenotype, an increase in vimentin, which is associated with increased cell motility, and an increase in desmin, indicating differentiation in stimulated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Ritchie
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Ren D, Hou S, Wang H, Luo D, Zhang L. Evaluation of RGD Modification on Collagen Matrix. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 34:293-303. [PMID: 16809131 DOI: 10.1080/10731190600683829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the changes during the process of modificating collagen with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide, a series experiments were designed. METHODS The 3D porous collagen matrices modified with RGD peptide were constructed by lyophilization. The modified and unmodified matrices were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA). Fibroblasts were used to evaluate the cell compatibility of the matrices. RESULTS In terms of cell growth, the cells attached much better on the modified matrix than on the unmodified one. Compare to the unmodified matrices, the polar groups on the modified matrix increased. CONCLUSIONS The introducing of specific RGD receptor-mediated adhesion site on matrices obviously enhanced the cells adhesion on collagen matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Orthopaedics, Beijing, PR China
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Leong MF, Chian KS, Mhaisalkar PS, Ong WF, Ratner BD. Effect of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide) fibrous scaffold with nanoporous surface on attachment of porcine esophageal epithelial cells and protein adsorption. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 89:1040-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nakamura T, Sato T, Araki M, Ichihara S, Nakada A, Yoshitani M, Itoi SI, Yamashita M, Kanemaru SI, Omori K, Hori Y, Endo K, Inada Y, Hayakawa K. In situ tissue engineering for tracheal reconstruction using a luminar remodeling type of artificial trachea. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 138:811-9. [PMID: 19660365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After successful trials of tracheal reconstruction using mesh-type prostheses in canine models, the technique has been applied clinically to human patients since 2002. To enhance tissue regeneration, we have applied a new tissue engineering approach to this mesh-type prosthesis. METHODS The prosthesis consists of a polypropylene mesh tube reinforced with a polypropylene spiral and atelocollagen layer. The cervical tracheas of 18 beagle dogs were replaced with the prosthesis. The collagen layer was soaked with peripheral blood in 6 of the dogs, with bone marrow aspirate in another 6, and with autologous multipotential bone marrow-derived cells (mesenchymal stem cells) in another 6. The dogs were humanely killed at 1 to 12 months after the operation. RESULTS All 18 dogs survived the postoperative period. Bronchoscopically, 3 of 4 dogs in the peripheral blood group showed stenosis, whereas no stenosis was evident in all 8 of the dogs in the bone marrow and mesenchymal stem cell groups 6 months after the operation. Faster epithelialization and fewer complications, such as mesh exposure and luminal stenosis, were observed in these two groups than in the peripheral blood group. Histologically, the cells from autologous bone marrow were found to proliferate into the tracheal tissue during the first month. Cilial movement in these two groups was faster than that in the peripheral blood group and recovered to 80% to 90% of the normal level. CONCLUSIONS Bone marrow aspirate and mesenchymal stem cells enhance the regeneration of the tracheal mucosa on this prosthesis. This in situ tissue engineering approach may facilitate tracheal reconstruction in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Nakamura
- Department of Bioartificial Organs, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Takamoto T, Hiraoka Y, Tabata Y. Enhanced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells in collagen sponge reinforced with different poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2007; 18:865-81. [PMID: 17688745 DOI: 10.1163/156856207781367738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of collagen sponges mechanically reinforced by the incorporation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers in stem cell culture. A collagen solution with homogeneously dispersed PET fibers was freeze-dried, followed by dehydrothermal cross-linking to obtain the collagen sponge incorporating PET fibers. By scanning electron microscopy observation, the collagen sponges exhibited isotropic and interconnected pore structures with an average size of 200 microm, irrespective of PET fiber incorporation. As expected, PET fibers incorporation significantly enhanced the compression strength of collagen sponge. When used for rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), the collagen sponge incorporating PET fibers was superior to the original collagen sponge without PET fibers incorporation in terms of the initial attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of cells, irrespective of the amount and diameter of fibers incorporated. The shrinkage of sponges during cell culture was significantly suppressed by the fiber incorporation. It is possible that the shrinkage suppression maintains the three-dimensional inner pore structure of collagen sponges without impairing the cell compatibility, resulting in the superior MSC attachment and the subsequent osteogenic differentiation in the sponge incorporating PET fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Takamoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Ito Y, Ochi M, Adachi N, Sugawara K, Yanada S, Ikada Y, Ronakorn P. Repair of osteochondral defect with tissue-engineered chondral plug in a rabbit model. Arthroscopy 2005; 21:1155-63. [PMID: 16226641 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2005.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the macroscopic and histologic results of transplanting a tissue-engineered chondral plug made of atelocollagen sponge and PLLA mesh to treat osteochondral defects. TYPE OF STUDY Controlled experimental study. METHODS Twelve-week-old male Japanese white rabbits were used. Fresh articular cartilage slices were taken from the humeral head, and isolated chondrocytes were embedded in atelocollagen gel which does not have antigenic portions of collagen (2.0 x 10(6) cells/mL). They were seeded on the top of the atelocollagen sponge/PLLA mesh composite and cultured for 2 weeks. The culture medium was changed every 3 days and L-ascorbic acid (50 microg/mL) was added every 2 days. Culturing the composites for 2 weeks produced tissue-engineered chondral plugs. These tissue-engineered chondral plugs (4-mm diameter, 4-mm thick) were transplanted into the osteochondral defects (4 mm diameter, 4 mm deep) in the patellar grooves of the same rabbits from which the chondrocytes had been harvested (the experimental group). In the control group, the defects were treated with the plugs without chondrocytes. The rabbits were killed 4 and 12 weeks after transplantation. The repaired tissues were evaluated macroscopically and histologically, and analyzed immunohistochemically for expression of type II collagen. RESULTS Four weeks after transplantation in the experimental group, the defects were partially repaired with cartilage-like tissue with good subchondral bone formation. Twelve weeks after transplantation, the defects were repaired with hyaline cartilage-like tissue densely stained by Safranin O. Well-organized subchondral bone formation was also observed. In the control group, the defects were covered with only soft fibrous tissue at 4 and 12 weeks macroscopically. Immunohistochemically, type II collagen was detected in about 90% of the repaired area. Histologic scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group at both 4 and 12 weeks after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the defects treated with tissue engineered chondral plug developed type II collagen in about 90% of the repaired area. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The transplantation of a tissue-engineered chondral plug will be one option for treating osteochondral defects. The next step in testing our hypothesis is to evaluate the repaired tissue biomechanically and biochemically over a longer period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Hosseinkhani H, Inatsugu Y, Hiraoka Y, Inoue S, Shimokawa H, Tabata Y. Impregnation of Plasmid DNA into Three-Dimensional Scaffolds and Medium Perfusion Enhancein VitroDNA Expression of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 11:1459-75. [PMID: 16259601 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2005.11.1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the development of an in vitro culture system to enhance the expression of a plasmid DNA for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by a combination of plasmid DNA impregnation into three-dimensional cell scaffolds and culture methods. Gelatin was cationized by introducing spermine to the carboxyl groups for complexation with the plasmid DNA. As the MSC scaffold, poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) fiber fabrics, collagen sponges, and collagen sponges reinforced by incorporation of PGA fibers were used. A complex of cationized gelatin and plasmid DNA encoding bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) was impregnated into the scaffolds. Plasmid DNA was released from PGA-reinforced collagen sponge for longer than from the other scaffolds. MCS were seeded into each type of scaffold and cultured by static, stirring, and perfusion methods. When MSCs were cultured in PGA-reinforced sponge, the level of BMP-2 expression was significantly enhanced by perfusion culture compared with the other culture methods, and the time of expression was prolonged. Irrespective of the culture method, the expression level was significantly higher from plasmid DNA impregnated in scaffold than by plasmid DNA in medium. The alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin content of MSCs cultured in PGA-reinforced sponge by the perfusion method were significantly higher compared with those of other methods, and a significantly higher amount of plasmid DNA internalized into MSCs was observed. We conclude that a combination of plasmid DNA-impregnated PGA-reinforced sponge and the perfusion method was promising to promote in vitro gene expression for MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Fujita M, Kinoshita Y, Sato E, Maeda H, Ozono S, Negishi H, Kawase T, Hiraoka Y, Takamoto T, Tabata Y, Kameyama Y. Proliferation and Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow Stromal Cells on Poly(glycolic acid)–Collagen Sponge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 11:1346-55. [PMID: 16259590 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2005.11.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of dexamethasone (Dex) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (RBMSCs), using three scaffolds: collagen sponge, poly(glycolic acid) (PGA)-collagen sponge, and PGA-collagen (UV) sponge. RBMSCs were seeded into the sponges, and cultured in primary medium, primary medium with Dex, and primary medium with bFGF and Dex. Three weeks after cultivation, we examined alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and cell number in the sponges, and also performed macroscopic, light microscopic, and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations. Collagen sponge shrank considerably, but PGA-collagen and PGA-collagen (UV) sponges maintained most of their original shape. PGA-collagen (UV) sponge supplemented with bFGF and Dex together had the highest ALP activity and cell number, followed by PGA-collagen sponge. Although collagen sponge showed cell proliferation only on the surface, the other two sponges showed cell proliferation in the interior. SEM showed the best cell attachment to PGA-collagen (UV) sponge in the presence of bFGF and Dex, followed by PGA-collagen sponge. In conclusion, PGA-collagen (UV) and PGA-collagen sponges proved to be much more useful as scaffolding for bone regeneration when combined with bFGF and Dex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Fujita
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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Zhang L, Hum M, Wang M, Li Y, Chen H, Chu C, Jiang H. Evaluation of modifying collagen matrix with RGD peptide through periodate oxidation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2005; 73:468-75. [PMID: 15900609 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of modifying collagen matrices with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide through periodate oxidation. The collagen matrices were modified with RGD peptide, by periodate activation. The modified collagen matrices and unmodified matrices were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used to evaluate the cell compatibility of collagen matrices. In terms of cell growth, the MSCs attached much better on the modified matrix than on the unmodified one. But there was no significant difference between two groups regarding the MSC proliferation. Compared to the unmodified matrices, the mechanical strength of the modified matrix decreased sharply, and its 3D structure was destroyed. Introducing specific RGD receptor-mediated adhesion sites on matrices obviously enhanced the MSC adhesion on collagen matrices, but the coupled method of periodate oxidation would likely result in the declination of the mechanical strength of the matrix, as well as the destruction of the matrix structure. This would affect the cell growth on the matrix, and decrease the histocompatibility of the matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihai Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China.
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Khil MS, Bhattarai SR, Kim HY, Kim SZ, Lee KH. Novel fabricated matrix via electrospinning for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2005; 72:117-24. [PMID: 15389495 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Electric field-driven fiber formation (electrospinning) is developing into a practical means for preparing novel porous filament with unusual structures and affordable mechanical properties. Polycaprolactone (PCL) was dissolved in solvent mixtures of methylene chloride/N,N-dimethyl formamide with ratios of 100/0, 75/25, and 50/50 (v/v) for electrospinning. The filament was formed by coagulation of the spinning solution following the well-known principle of phase separation in polymer solutions valid in other wet shaping processes. A strand of electrospun porous filament consisted of fibers ranging from 0.5 to 12 microm in diameter. To evaluate the feasibility of three-dimensional fabric as scaffold matrices, the plain weave, which is the simplest of the weaves and the most common, was prepared with porous PCL filament. The growth characteristics of MCF-7 mammary carcinoma cells in the woven fabrics showed the important role of matrix microstructure in proliferation. This study has shown that woven fabrics, consisting of porous filaments via electrospinning, may be suitable candidates as tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Seob Khil
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, 561-756 South Korea
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36
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Hiraoka Y, Kimura Y, Ueda H, Tabata Y. Fabrication and biocompatibility of collagen sponge reinforced with poly(glycolic acid) fiber. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 9:1101-12. [PMID: 14670098 DOI: 10.1089/10763270360728017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This article describes an investigation of collagen sponge mechanically reinforced through the incorporation of poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) fiber. A collagen solution with PGA fiber homogeneously dispersed at collagen:PGA weight ratios of 1.5, 0.8, 0.4, and 0.2 was freeze-dried, followed by dehydrothermal cross-linking to obtain collagen sponges incorporating PGA fiber to various extents. By scanning electron microscopy observation, the collagen sponges exhibited isotropic and interconnected pore structures with an average size of 180 microm, irrespective of PGA fiber incorporation. As expected, PGA fiber incorporation enabled the collagen sponges to significantly enhance their compression strength. In vitro cell culture studies revealed that the number of L929 fibroblasts initially attached was significantly greater for any collagen sponge incorporating PGA fiber than for collagen sponge. The shrinkage of sponge after cell seeding was suppressed by fiber incorporation. It is possible that shrinkage suppression results in the superior cell attachment of sponge incorporating PGA fiber. After subcutaneous implantation into the backs of mice, the residual volume of collagen sponge incorporating PGA fiber was significant compared with that of collagen sponge and increased with a decrease in the collagen:PGA ratio. The greater number of cells infiltrated and deeper infiltration were observed for collagen sponge incorporating PGA fiber implanted subcutaneously. We conclude that the incorporation of PGA fiber is a simple and promising way to reinforce collagen sponge without impairing biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hiraoka
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Mo XM, Xu CY, Kotaki M, Ramakrishna S. Electrospun P(LLA-CL) nanofiber: a biomimetic extracellular matrix for smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell proliferation. Biomaterials 2004; 25:1883-90. [PMID: 14738852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 664] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly(L-lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) [P(LLA-CL)] with L-lactide to epsilon-caprolactone ratio of 75 to 25 has been electrospun into nanofibers. The relationship between electrospinning parameters and fiber diameter has been investigated. The fiber diameter decreased with decreasing polymer concentration and with increasing electrospinning voltage. The X-ray diffractometer and differential scanning colorimeter results suggested that the electrospun nanofibers developed highly oriented structure in CL-unit sequences during the electrospinning process. The biocompatibility of the nanofiber scaffold has been investigated by culturing cells on the nanofiber scaffold. Both smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell adhered and proliferated well on the P(LLA-CL) nanofiber scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Mo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore, Singapore
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Nakahara T, Nakamura T, Kobayashi E, Inoue M, Shigeno K, Tabata Y, Eto K, Shimizu Y. Novel approach to regeneration of periodontal tissues based on in situ tissue engineering: effects of controlled release of basic fibroblast growth factor from a sandwich membrane. TISSUE ENGINEERING 2003; 9:153-62. [PMID: 12625964 DOI: 10.1089/107632703762687636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To regenerate periodontal tissues, a sandwich membrane composed of a collagen sponge scaffold and gelatin microspheres containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in a controlled-release system was developed according to the new concept of "in situ tissue engineering." A three-walled alveolar bone defect (3 x 4 x 4 mm) was made bilaterally in edentulous regions created mesially to the canines in both the maxilla and mandible of nine beagle dogs. A sandwich membrane with or without bFGF (100 microg) was implanted in each defect (each group, n = 18). During weeks 1, 2, and 4, histologic evaluation and histometric analyses were performed on three dogs. Throughout the 4 weeks, vascularization and osteogenesis were active only in the bFGF-treated group (p < 0.01). New cementum was formed (2.4 +/- 0.9 mm) on the exposed root surface at 4 weeks, and functional recovery of the periodontal ligament was indicated in part by the perpendicular orientation of regenerated collagen fibers. In the control group, epithelial downgrowth and root resorption occurred and the defects were filled with connective tissue. Thus, our sandwich membrane induced successful regeneration of the periodontal tissues in a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taka Nakahara
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kawakami H, Kanezaki S, Sudo M, Kanno M, Nagaoka S, Kubota S. Biodegradation and Biocompatibility of Polyorganophosphazene. Artif Organs 2002; 26:883-90. [PMID: 12296930 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1594.2002.07029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated biodegradation and biocompatibility of poly(organophosphazenes). We prepared poly(organophosphazenes) having different side chain groups. The blood compatibility of poly(organophosphazenes) containing fluorinated side groups, poly(bis[trifluoroethoxy]phosphazene) (PbFP) and poly([trifluoroethoxy][ethyl glycinate]phosphazene) (PFGP), without heparinization were evaluated in vitro. The deformation and aggregation of platelets adhered on PbFP and PFGP were not observed and they suppressed platelet activation. Additionally, PbFP and PFGP showed a higher degradation rate, despite their high hydrophobic nature. We found that the high mobility of water in PbFP and PFGP was one of the important factors facilitating their degradation. Their polymer structures were formed in a more open nature, indicating that water easily attacked the backbone of the phosphorus and nitrogen atoms in the poly(organophosphazene). On the other hand, the proliferation of HeLa cells cultured on poly(organophosphazene) was reduced compared with that on the control tissue culture polystyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan.
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40
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Kwon IK, Park KD, Choi SW, Lee SH, Lee EB, Na JS, Kim SH, Kim YH. Fibroblast culture on surface-modified poly(glycolide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) scaffold for soft tissue regeneration. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2002; 12:1147-60. [PMID: 11853383 DOI: 10.1163/15685620152691904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Novel porous matrices made of a copolymer of glycolide (G) and epsilon-caprolactone (CL) (51 : 49, Mw 103000) was prepared for tissue engineering using a solvent-casting particulate leaching method. Poly(glycolide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) (PGCL) copolymer showed a rubber-like elastic characteristic, in addition to an amorphous property and fast biodegradability. In order to investigate the effect on the fibroblast culture, PGCL scaffolds of varying porosity and pore size, in addition to surface-hydrolysis or collagen coating, were studied. The large pore-sized scaffold (pore size >150 microm) demonstrated a much greater cell adhesion and proliferation than the small pore-sized one. In addition, the higher porosity, the better the cell adhesion and proliferation. The surface-hydrolyzed PGCL scaffold showed enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation compared with the unmodified one. Type I collagen coating revealed a more pronounced contribution for increased cell interactions than the surface-hydrolyzed one. These results demonstrate that surface-modified PGCL scaffold can provide a suitable substrate for fibroblast culture, especially in the case of soft tissue regenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Kwon
- Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul
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41
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Hori Y, Nakamura T, Matsumoto K, Kurokawa Y, Satomi S, Shimizu Y. Experimental study on in situ tissue engineering of the stomach by an acellular collagen sponge scaffold graft. ASAIO J 2001; 47:206-10. [PMID: 11374758 DOI: 10.1097/00002480-200105000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We carried out an experimental study to clarify the feasibility of stomach tissue engineering for reconstruction after partial gastrectomy. A collagen sponge scaffold was implanted to support the regeneration of stomach tissue. A 4 cm square area of the anterior wall of the stomach was surgically resected in three beagle dogs, and then reconstructed using the collagen sponge scaffold. The dogs received intravenous hyperalimentation for 14 days after the operation, and a silicone sheet was used as a patch on the luminal side to protect the scaffold from degradation by digestive juice. The silicone sheet was removed endoscopically 4 weeks after the operation, and the surgical defect was observed endoscopically at various time points. At 4 weeks after surgery, the stomach wall had regenerated, but was not yet covered by stomach mucosal tissue. However, at 16 weeks after surgery, mucosa totally covered the regenerated area. Microscopic findings confirmed regeneration of the stomach wall, mucosa, and thin muscular layer. These results show that tissue engineering of the stomach will be feasible in the near future for reconstruction after partial gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hori
- Department of Bioartificial Organs, Kyoto University, Japan
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42
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Saito M, Sakamoto T, Fujimaki M, Tsukada K, Honda T, Nozaki M. Experimental study of an artificial esophagus using a collagen sponge, a latissimus dorsi muscle flap, and split-thickness skin. Surg Today 2001; 30:606-13. [PMID: 10930226 DOI: 10.1007/s005950070100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The time and effort spent trying to devise an artificial esophagus have not yet resulted in success, and leakage and strictures at the anastomotic sites remain the most frequent complications. We developed an artificial esophagus with a bilayered structure made of porous collagen sponge (artificial dermis; AD), a latissimus dorsi muscle flap (LD), and split-thickness skin (STS). We investigated whether the use of AD prevented the contraction of grafted skin and its effects on the extensibility of the neoesophagus in rabbits. We experimented with two groups. In the AD group, AD was applied to the surface of the LD. Three weeks later, the STS was grafted. In the control group, the STS was grafted directly onto the LD. The sizes of the STS in both groups 3 weeks after the graft were, respectively, 56.6% +/- 4.1% and 39.0% +/- 10.2% of the initial surface area of the STS (P < 0.01). The roll made in the AD group had better extensibility than that in the control group. We replaced the cervical esophagus in 12 rabbits with the neoesophagus made from AD, STS, and LD. The longest survival period was 16 days. Esophagography did not reveal either anastomotic leakage or stenosis in any of the five rabbits in the experiments. These findings suggested that AD can thus be used to create a more suitable hybrid artificial esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saito
- Second Department of Surgery, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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Sekine T, Nakamura T, Shimizu Y, Ueda H, Matsumoto K, Takimoto Y, Kiyotani T. A new type of surgical adhesive made from porcine collagen and polyglutamic acid. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 2001; 54:305-10. [PMID: 11093191 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4636(200102)54:2<305::aid-jbm18>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new adhesive for surgical use. The new adhesive is made of three components: porcine collagen, poly(L-glutamic acid) and water-soluble carbodiimides (WSC). The optimum concentration of each component was determined by measuring the time required for gel formation in experiments in vitro. Using these optimum concentrations, we applied the adhesive to wounds made on rats. A conventional fibrin glue was used as a control. Measurement of tensile strength and histological examination were performed 5, 7, 10, and 14 days after the operation. The tensile strength of wounds treated with 2.5 mg/mL collagen glue was not significantly different from that of wounds treated with fibrin glue except at 7 days after the operation (p < 0.05 by Student's t-test). Histological examination revealed that the speed of cell infiltration into, and absorption of 2.5 mg/mL collagen glue was slower than for fibrin glue, but faster than for 5.0 mg/mL collagen glue. One of the important advantages of our collagen glue is that the absorption rate of it can be controlled by the collagen concentration. Therefore, it seems to be adequate for sealing air leakage from the lung, which takes a relatively long period for recovery. Moreover it does not contain human serum, and, hence, it requires no blood donation and can be obtained with low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sekine
- Department of Bioartificial Organs, Field of Clinical Application, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan.
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Torres DS, Freyman TM, Yannas IV, Spector M. Tendon cell contraction of collagen-GAG matrices in vitro: effect of cross-linking. Biomaterials 2000; 21:1607-19. [PMID: 10885733 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The contraction of connective tissue cells can play important roles in wound healing and pathological contractures. The effects of this contractile behavior on cell-seeded constructs for tissue engineering have not yet been investigated. The goal of this work was to investigate in vitro tendon cell-mediated contraction of collagen-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) matrices cross-linked using selected methods. Highly porous collagen-GAG sponges were seeded with calf tendon cells and the projected area and DNA content of the sponges measured at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days post-seeding. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine if alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) was associated with the cell contraction of the matrices. Dehydrothermal (DHT) treatment alone was not sufficient to resist contraction by the seeded tendon fibroblasts. Cross-linking of the collagen-GAG sponges to the extent that the modulus was three times that of sponges treated by DHT alone was necessary to resist contraction. SMA was seen in the cytoplasm of most cells in all sponges at all time periods. The results provide a rational basis for the determination of the mechanical properties of collagen matrices required for engineering certain connective tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Torres
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
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Sekine T, Nakamura T, Matsumoto K, Liu Y, Ueda H, Tamura N, Shimizu Y. Carinal reconstruction with a Y-shaped collagen-conjugated prosthesis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000; 119:1162-8. [PMID: 10838533 DOI: 10.1067/mtc.2000.106652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carinal reconstruction by direct suturing is associated with a high mortality because high tension at the anastomosis can lead to tracheobronchial fistula. A new tracheal prosthesis was therefore designed for reconstruction of the tracheal bifurcation and applied for experimental carinal replacement in dogs. METHODS The main frame of the new prosthesis consists of a Y-shaped Marlex mesh tube (C.R. Bard, Inc, Billerica, Mass) reinforced with polypropylene spirals, to which collagen extracted from porcine skin is chemically conjugated to provide biocompatibility and airtightness. This conjugated collagen is composed of amorphous and sponge collagen layers. The tracheobronchial bifurcation was replaced with the prosthesis in 10 beagle dogs. RESULTS Eight dogs survived the postoperative period, and 2 dogs died within 4 days after the operation. Bronchoscopic examination revealed that the tracheal prosthesis was covered with smooth whitish tissue and that no stenosis or dehiscence was present in the 8 dogs even 6 months after the operation. Slight mesh exposure was recognized in 1 dog. Histologic examination revealed that approximately one half of the luminal surface was covered with ciliated columnar epithelium or nonciliated squamous epithelium. In the remaining lumen, especially in the middle portion of the prosthesis, connective tissue without epithelium was observed. CONCLUSIONS These long-term results indicate that our bifurcated tracheal prosthesis can be used for reconstruction of the tracheobronchial bifurcation with long-term safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sekine
- Department of Bioartificial Organs, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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The importance of drug delivery systems in tissue engineering. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY TODAY 2000; 3:80-89. [PMID: 10707043 DOI: 10.1016/s1461-5347(00)00242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is designed to regenerate natural tissues or to create biological substitutes for defective or lost tissues and organs through the use of cells. In addition to cells and their scaffolds, growth factors are required to promote tissue regeneration. Indeed, growth factor-induced vascularization is effective in supplying the oxygen and nutrients necessary for the survival of transplanted cells in organ substitution. However, growth factors have poor in vivo stability and so the biological effects are often unpredictable unless the delivery system is contrived. This review provides several examples to emphasize the importance of drug delivery systems in tissue engineering.
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Abstract
Polymers are a promising class of biomaterials that can be engineered to meet specific end-use requirements. They can be selected according to key 'device' characteristics such as mechanical resistance, degradability, permeability, solubility and transparency, but the currently available polymers need to be improved by altering their surface and bulk properties. The design of macromolecules must therefore be carefully tailored in order to provide the combination of chemical, interfacial, mechanical and biological functions necessary for the manufacture of new and improved biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Angelova
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Yamamoto Y, Nakamura T, Shimizu Y, Matsumoto K, Takimoto Y, Kiyotani T, Sekine T, Ueda H, Liu Y, Tamura N. Intrathoracic esophageal replacement in the dog with the use of an artificial esophagus composed of a collagen sponge with a double-layered silicone tube. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 118:276-86. [PMID: 10425001 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(99)70218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intrathoracic esophageal replacement with an artificial esophagus is considered difficult. We attempted to replace the intrathoracic esophagus with an artificial esophagus composed of a collagen sponge with a double-layered silicone tube and examined the state of host tissue regeneration. METHODS A 5-cm long gap was created in the intrathoracic esophagus in 9 dogs and repaired by interposition of our prosthesis. The dogs were fed only by intravenous hyperalimentation for 28 days. The silicone tube was removed at 29 days after the operation, and oral feeding was reintroduced. RESULTS One dog was put to death at each of the following times: 1, 2, 3, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after the operation. One dog is still surviving without problems after more than 26 months. One dog died of malnutrition at 10 months. In all dogs, the host regenerated tissue had replaced the resulting gap at the time of silicone tube removal. The mucosa had fully regenerated within 3 months and the glands within 12 months. The process of stenosis and shrinkage was complete within 3 months and did not advance thereafter. The lamina muscularis mucosae were observed as islets of smooth muscle within 12 months. Although the skeletal muscle regenerated close to the anastomoses, it did not extend to the middle of the regenerated esophagus even after 24 months. CONCLUSIONS Use of a collagen sponge with a double-layered silicone tube was shown to be feasible even in the thorax and to allow the regenerated host tissue, consisting of the mucosa, glands, and lamina muscularis mucosae, to replace the esophageal gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamamoto
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Field of Clinical Application, Department of Bioartificial Organs, Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have been widely used as scaffolding materials to regenerate new tissues. To mimic natural extracellular matrix architecture, a novel highly porous structure, which is a three-dimensional interconnected fibrous network with a fiber diameter ranging from 50 to 500 nm, has been created from biodegradable aliphatic polyesters in this work. A porosity as high as 98.5% has been achieved. These nano-fibrous matrices were prepared from the polymer solutions by a procedure involving thermally induced gelation, solvent exchange, and freeze-drying. The effects of polymer concentration, thermal annealing, solvent exchange, and freezing temperature before freeze-drying on the nano-scale structures were studied. In general, at a high gelation temperature, a platelet-like structure was formed. At a low gelation temperature, the nano-fibrous structure was formed. Under the conditions for nano-fibrous matrix formation, the average fiber diameter (160-170 nm) did not change statistically with polymer concentration or gelation temperature. The porosity decreased with polymer concentration. The mechanical properties (Young's modulus and tensile strength) increased with polymer concentration. A surface-to-volume ratio of the nano-fibrous matrices was two to three orders of magnitude higher than those of fibrous nonwoven fabrics fabricated with the textile technology or foams fabricated with a particulate-leaching technique. This synthetic analogue of natural extracellular matrix combined the advantages of synthetic biodegradable polymers and the nano-scale architecture of extracellular matrix, and may provide a better environment for cell attachment and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P X Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
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Takimoto Y, Nakamura T, Yamamoto Y, Kiyotani T, Teramachi M, Shimizu Y. The experimental replacement of a cervical esophageal segment with an artificial prosthesis with the use of collagen matrix and a silicone stent. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 116:98-106. [PMID: 9671903 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(98)70247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attempts have been made to replace esophageal defects with a variety of artificial materials. However, because of the artificial nature of the materials, problems such as infection, leakage, stricture, or dislocation could not be avoided. Therefore we have designed a new type of artificial esophagus that is gradually replaced by host tissue. METHODS Our artificial esophagus was a two-layered tube consisting of a collagen sponge matrix and an inner silicone stent. We used it to replace 5 cm esophageal segmental defects in 43 dogs, and the inner silicone stent was removed endoscopically at weekly intervals from 2 to 4 weeks. RESULTS In the 27 dogs from which the silicone stent was removed at 2 or 3 weeks, constriction of the regenerated esophagus progressed and the dogs became unable to swallow within 6 months. In the 16 dogs from which the silicone stent was removed at 4 weeks, highly regenerated esophageal tissue successfully replaced the defect, leaving no foreign body in the host. Moreover, the regenerated esophagi had stratified flattened epithelia, striated muscle tissue composed of an inner circular and an outer longitudinal muscle layer, and esophageal glands. CONCLUSIONS Even in mature adult higher mammals, esophageal high-order structures can be regenerated provided that an adequate three-dimensional extracellular structure is put in place for a sufficient period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Takimoto
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan
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