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Derakhti S, Safiabadi-Tali SH, Amoabediny G, Sheikhpour M. Attachment and detachment strategies in microcarrier-based cell culture technology: A comprehensive review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ayyildiz-Tamis D, Avcı K, Deliloglu-Gurhan SI. Comparative investigation of the use of various commercial microcarriers as a substrate for culturing mammalian cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 50:221-31. [PMID: 24357035 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microcarriers provide large adhesion area allowing high cell densities in bioreactor systems. This study focused on the investigation of cell adhesion and cell growth characteristics of both anchorage-dependent CHO-K1 and anchorage-independent Ag8 myeloma cell lines cultivated on four different microcarriers (Biosilon®, Microhex®, Cytodex 3®, Cytoline 2®) by considering the cell kinetics and physiological data. Experiments were performed in both static and agitated cell culture systems by using 24-well tissue culture plates and then 50-ml spinner flasks. In agitated cultures, the highest specific growth rates (0.026 h for CHO-K1 and 0.061 h for Ag8 cell line) were obtained with Cytodex 3® and Cytoline 2® microcarriers for CHO-K1 and Ag8 cell line, respectively. Metabolic characteristics showed some variation among the cultures with the four microcarriers. The most significant being the higher production of lactate with microcarriers with CHO-K1 cells relative to the Ag8 cells. SEM analyses revealed the differences in the morphology of the cells along with microcarriers. On Cytodex 3® and Cytoline 2®, CHO-K1 cells attached to the substratum through long, slender filopodia, whereas the cells showed a flat morphology by covering the substratum on the Biosilon® and Microhex®. Ag8 cells maintained their spherical shapes throughout the culture for all types of microcarriers. In an attempt to scale-up, productions were carried out in 50-ml spinner flasks. Cytodex 3® (for CHO-K1 cells) and Cytoline 2® (for Ag8 cells) were evaluated. The results demonstrate that high yield of biomass could be achieved through the immobilization of the cells in each culture system. And cell cultures on microcarriers, especially on Cytodex 3® and Cytoline 2®, represented a good potential as microcarriers for larger scale cultures of CHO-K1 and Ag8, respectively. Moreover, owing to the fact that the cell lines and culture media are specific, outcomes will be applicable for other clones derived from the same host cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ayyildiz-Tamis
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, Izmir, 35100, Bornova, Turkey,
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Sart S, Errachid A, Schneider YJ, Agathos SN. Modulation of mesenchymal stem cell actin organization on conventional microcarriers for proliferation and differentiation in stirred bioreactors. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:537-51. [DOI: 10.1002/term.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ferrari C, Balandras F, Guedon E, Olmos E, Chevalot I, Marc A. Limiting cell aggregation during mesenchymal stem cell expansion on microcarriers. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:780-7. [PMID: 22374883 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are known to be a valuable cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, one of the main limiting steps in their clinical use is the amplification step. MSC expansion on microcarriers has emerged during the last few years, fulfilling the lack of classical T-flasks expansion. Even if the therapeutic potential of MSC as aggregates has been recently highlighted, cell aggregation during expansion has to be avoided. Thus, MSC culture on microcarriers has still to be improved, notably concerning cell aggregation prevention. The aim of this study was to limit cell aggregation during MSC expansion on Cytodex-1®, by evaluating the impact of several culture parameters. First, MSC cultures were performed at different agitation rates (0, 25, and 75 rpm) and different initial cell densities (25 and 50×10(6) cell g(-1) Cytodex-1®). Then, the MSC aggregates were put into contact with additional available surfaces (T-flask, fresh and used Cytodex-1®) at different times (before and after cell aggregation). The results showed that cell aggregation was partly induced by agitation and prevented in static cultures. Moreover, cell aggregation was dependent on cell density and correlated with a decrease in the total cell number. It was however shown that the aggregated organization could be dissociated when in contact with additional surfaces such as T-flasks or fresh Cytodex-1® carriers. Finally, cell aggregation could be successfully limited in spinner flask by adding fresh Cytodex-1® carriers before its onset. Those results indicated that MSC expansion on agitated Cytodex-1® microcarriers could be performed without cell aggregation, avoiding a decrease in total cell number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ferrari
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UPR-CNRS 3349, INPL-ENSAIA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Rodrigues CAV, Diogo MM, da Silva CL, Cabral JMS. Microcarrier expansion of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neural stem cells in stirred bioreactors. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2011; 58:231-42. [PMID: 21838797 DOI: 10.1002/bab.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-renewing multipotent cells, able to differentiate into the phenotypes present in the central nervous system. Applications of NSCs may include toxicology, fundamental research, or cell therapies. The culture of floating cell clusters, called "neurospheres," is widely used for the propagation of NSC populations in vitro but shows several limitations, which may be circumvented by expansion under adherent conditions. In particular, the derivation of distinct populations of NSCs from embryonic stem cells capable of long-term culture under adherent conditions without losing differentiation potential was recently described. However, the expansion of these cells in agitated bioreactors has not been addressed until now and was the aim of this study. Selected microcarriers were tested under dynamic conditions in spinner flasks. Superior performance was observed with polystyrene beads coated with a recombinant peptide containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif (Pronectin F). After optimization of the culture, a 35-fold increase in cell number was achieved after 6 days. High cellular viability and multipotency were maintained throughout the culture. The study presented here may be the basis for the development of larger scale bioprocesses for expansion of these and other populations of adherent NSCs, either from mouse or human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
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Varani J, Piel F, Josephs S, Beals TF, Hillegas WJ. Attachment and growth of anchorage-dependent cells on a novel, charged-surface microcarrier under serum-free conditions. Cytotechnology 2011; 28:101-9. [PMID: 19003412 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008029715765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes a novel microcarrier substrate consisting of a swellable, copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene, derivatized with trimethylamine. The co-polymer trimethylamine microcarriers support the growth of a number of different cell lines - Madin Darby Bovine Kidney, Madin-Darby Canine Kidney, Vero and Cos-7 - under serum-free conditions, and human diploid fibroblasts in serum-containing medium. Cells attach to the co- polymer trimethylamine microcarriers as rapidly as they attach to other charged-surface microcarriers (faster than they attach to collagen-coated polystyrene microcarriers) and spread rapidly after attachment. All of the cells examined grow to high density on the co- polymer trimethylamine microcarriers. Furthermore, cells are readily released from the surface after exposure to a solution of trypsin/EDTA. In this respect, the co-polymer trimethylamine microcarriers are different from other charged-surface microcarriers. Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney cells grown on this substrate support production of vaccine strain infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus as readily as on other charged-surface or collagen-coated microcarriers. Thus, the co-polymer trimethylamine microcarriers combine the positive characteristics of the currently available charged-surface and adhesion-peptide coated microcarriers in a single product. The viral vaccine production industry is undergoing considerable change as manufacturers move toward complete, animal product-free culture systems. This novel substrate should find application in the industry, especially in processes which depend on viable cell recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Varani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine Road, P.O. Box 0602, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A.,
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Kurokawa M, Sato S. Growth and poliovirus production of Vero cells on a novel microcarrier with artificial cell adhesive protein under serum-free conditions. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 111:600-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tawil NJ, Connors D, Gies D, Bennett S, Gruskin E, Mustoe T. Stimulation of wound healing by positively charged dextran beads depends upon clustering of beads and cells in close proximity to the wound. Wound Repair Regen 1999; 7:389-99. [PMID: 10564568 DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-475x.1999.00389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that positively charged dextran (DEAE A25) increases wound breaking strength in linear incisions in rats and nonhuman primates at days 10-14 postwounding. In this article, we examined the cellular responses to different types of charged dextran beads (DEAE A50 and Cytodex-1) in culture studies and in rat incisional wounds. We show that Cytodex 1 and DEAE A50 beads also increased wound breaking strength in a rat linear incisional model. However, the increase was approximately 30-40% less than that observed in wounds treated with DEAE A25 beads. The main distinction between the three types of beads was the presence of bead clusters observed in tissue sections. Wounds treated with DEAE A25 beads formed distinct clusters while both Cytodex 1 and DEAE A50 beads clustered to a lesser extent or failed to cluster at all. We propose that the different types of charged dextran beads improve healing by promoting cell adhesion and encouraging proliferation in close proximity to the wound. We also hypothesize that the 30-40% improvement in wound breaking strength seen with DEAE A25 beads compared to other types of charged dextran beads (DEAE A50 and Cytodex-1) originates from the unique characteristic of DEAE A25 beads in forming cell-bead aggregates adjacent to the wounded area. This clustering, in turn, affects the distribution of cells infiltrating the wounded area (such as macrophages) during the healing process and, as a consequence, alters the distribution of matrix molecules and growth factors secreted by these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Tawil
- Life Sciences, a Division of US Surgical Corp., North Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Christoforou C, Lin X, Bennett S, Connors D, Skalla W, Mustoe TA, Linehan J, Arnold F, Gruskin EA. Biodegradable positively charged ion exchange beads: a novel biomaterial for enhancing soft tissue repair. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1998; 42:376-86. [PMID: 9788499 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19981205)42:3<376::aid-jbm5>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Previous work in the area of vulnerary agents is extensive. One material of focus has been positively charged ion exchange beads, which have been shown to promote a variety of wound-healing responses in several models. The goal of this work was to improve upon the clinical utility of positively charged dextran beads by creating a biodegradable version that maintains the material's inherent efficacy. A chemical method consisting of a sodium periodate oxidation was used to create a degradable diethylaminoethanol crosslinked dextran bead. The ability of this process to create a degradable bead was verified in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, efficacy was shown in a rat linear incision model for a variety of beads exhibiting different degradation rates. The results show that efficacy is maintained by a degradable bead, but there is a diminution of the magnitude of the response as the mass loss rate is increased. Efficacy also was investigated for a moderate but completely degrading bead material over time and dose. Wound breaking strength was evaluated at days 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 for degradable beads at doses of 10 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL. Although little difference in efficacy was noted for the increased dose, statistically significant increases over control were seen at days 7, 10, and 14 for the 10 mg/mL dose and at days 10 and 14 for the 50 mg/mL dose. At days 21 and 28 there were no differences between treated and control wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Christoforou
- United States Surgical Corporation, North Haven, Connecticut 06473, USA
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