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Hanafy RA, Mostafa D, Abd El-Fattah A, Kandil S. Biomimetic chitosan against bioinspired nanohydroxyapatite for repairing enamel surfaces. BIOINSPIRED, BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2020; 9:85-94. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.19.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chitosan was employed as a novel biomimetic mineralization model to repair damaged enamel to compare its performance with that of bioinspired zinc-doped nanohydroxyapatite. Fifty human premolar tooth slices were prepared, and artificial caries lesions were induced to produce demineralized enamel surfaces. The etched slices were randomly divided into two groups: a chitosan-hydrogel-treated group and a zinc-doped nanohydroxyapatite-treated group. In vitro assessment using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy was conducted at the baseline, demineralization and remineralization stages. Baseline results were matched with those for normal enamel; a marked reduction in the calcium (Ca)/phosphorus (P) ratio to 1·12 and the lack of the characteristic hydroxyapatite diffraction peaks were detected for demineralized enamel. The remineralization stage revealed evident recovery of the mineral contents (the calcium/phosphorus ratio was 1·61 for the chitosan-treated group and 1·58 for the bioinspired-nanohydroxyapatite-treated one), with apparent distinctive X-ray diffraction patterns of hydroxyapatite in both groups. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed the absence of etched enamel porosity, with the formation of a newly formed rod-like apatite layer, similar to natural enamel, which extended over the treated enamel surfaces of both groups. Chitosan hydrogel is recommended as a biomimetic mineralization smart system for repairing demineralized carious enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Ahmed Hanafy
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dawlat Mostafa
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd El-Fattah
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Sherif Kandil
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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2
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Al Mugeiren OM, Baseer MA. Dental Implant Bioactive Surface Modifiers: An Update. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2019; 9:1-4. [PMID: 30923686 PMCID: PMC6402260 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_303_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Main purpose of this review was to present an update on various coating materials utilized in improving the surface chemistry of the dental implants. Methods: Literature search was carried out in various on-line databases such as PubMed, Medline, Google scholar, EBSCO, Wiley Science Library, and Saudi Digital Library using appropriate keywords (dental implant surface coatings, dental implant surface modifiers, and dental surface coatings). Results: Total of 569 studies were retrieved. All the relevant studies among them were reviewed and compiled. Conclusion: Current implant surface's biomimetic coatings offer many benefits compared to the traditional plasma sprayed coatings. Further incorporation of biomimetic coatings with various material has lead improvement in mechanical and biological properties of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamah Mohammed Al Mugeiren
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abdul Baseer
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Division of Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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3
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Pegoraro M, Matić S, Pergolizzi B, Iannarelli L, Rossi AM, Morra M, Noris E. Cloning and Expression Analysis of Human Amelogenin in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants by Means of a Transient Expression System. Mol Biotechnol 2017; 59:425-434. [PMID: 28801830 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enamel is the covering tissue of teeth, made of regularly arranged hydroxyapatite crystals deposited on an organic matrix composed of 90% amelogenin that is completely degraded at the end of the enamel formation process. Amelogenin has a biomineralizing activity, forming nanoparticles or nanoribbons that guide hydroxyapatite deposit, and regenerative functions in bone and vascular tissue and in wound healing. Biotechnological products containing amelogenin seem to facilitate these processes. Here, we describe the production of human amelogenin in plants by transient transformation of Nicotiana benthamiana with constructs carrying synthetic genes with optimized human or plant codons. Both genes yielded approximately 500 µg of total amelogenin per gram of fresh leaf tissue. Two purification procedures based on affinity chromatography or on intrinsic solubility properties of the protein were followed, yielding from 12 to 150 µg of amelogenin per gram of fresh leaf tissue, respectively, at different purity. The identity of the plant-made human amelogenin was confirmed by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of peptides generated following chymotrypsin digestion. Using dynamic light scattering, we showed that plant extracts made in acetic acid containing human amelogenin have a bimodal distribution of agglomerates, with hydrodynamic diameters of 22.8 ± 3.8 and 389.5 ± 86.6 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of expression of human amelogenin in plants, offering the possibility to use this plant-made protein for nanotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pegoraro
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Entomologia, University of Torino, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Slavica Matić
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
- AGROINNOVA, University of Torino, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Barbara Pergolizzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, AOU San Luigi, 10043, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Luca Iannarelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, INRiM, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea M Rossi
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, INRiM, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Morra
- NobilBio Ricerche s.r.l, Via Valcastellana, 28, 14037, Portacomaro (AT), Italy
| | - Emanuela Noris
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy.
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Sailaja GS, Ramesh P, Vellappally S, Anil S, Varma HK. Biomimetic approaches with smart interfaces for bone regeneration. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:77. [PMID: 27814702 PMCID: PMC5097415 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A 'smart tissue interface' is a host tissue-biomaterial interface capable of triggering favourable biochemical events inspired by stimuli responsive mechanisms. In other words, biomaterial surface is instrumental in dictating the interface functionality. This review aims to investigate the fundamental and favourable requirements of a 'smart tissue interface' that can positively influence the degree of healing and promote bone tissue regeneration. A biomaterial surface when interacts synergistically with the dynamic extracellular matrix, the healing process become accelerated through development of a smart interface. The interface functionality relies equally on bound functional groups and conjugated molecules belonging to the biomaterial and the biological milieu it interacts with. The essential conditions for such a special biomimetic environment are discussed. We highlight the impending prospects of smart interfaces and trying to relate the design approaches as well as critical factors that determine species-specific functionality with special reference to bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Sailaja
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 682 022, India.
| | - P Ramesh
- Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 012, India
| | - Sajith Vellappally
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Post Box 153, AIKharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - H K Varma
- Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 012, India.
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Buchko GW, Shaw WJ. Improved protocol to purify untagged amelogenin - Application to murine amelogenin containing the equivalent P70→T point mutation observed in human amelogenesis imperfecta. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 105:14-22. [PMID: 25306873 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amelogenin is the predominant extracellular protein responsible for converting carbonated hydroxyapatite into dental enamel, the hardest and most heavily mineralized tissue in vertebrates. Despite much effort, the precise mechanism by which amelogenin regulates enamel formation is not fully understood. To assist efforts aimed at understanding the biochemical mechanism of enamel formation, more facile protocols to purify recombinantly expressed amelogenin, ideally without any tag to assist affinity purification, are advantageous. Here we describe an improved method to purify milligram quantities of amelogenin that exploits its high solubility in 2% glacial acetic acid under conditions of low ionic strength. The method involves heating the frozen cell pellet for two 15min periods at ∼70°C with 2min of sonication in between, dialysis twice in 2% acetic acid (1:250 v/v), and reverse phase chromatography. A further improvement in yield is obtained by resuspending the frozen cell pellet in 6M guanidine hydrochloride in the first step. The acetic acid heating method is illustrated with a murine amelogenin containing the corresponding P70→T point mutation observed in an human amelogenin associated with amelogenesis imperfecta (P71T), while the guanidine hydrochloride heating method is illustrated with wild type murine amelogenin (M180). The self-assembly properties of P71T were probed by NMR chemical shift perturbation studies as a function of protein (0.1-1.8mM) and NaCl (0-367mM) concentration. Relative to similar studies with wild type murine amelogenin, P71T self-associates at lower protein or salt concentrations with the interactions initiated near the N-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry W Buchko
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - Wendy J Shaw
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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Al-Sanabani JS, Madfa AA, Al-Sanabani FA. Application of calcium phosphate materials in dentistry. Int J Biomater 2013; 2013:876132. [PMID: 23878541 PMCID: PMC3710628 DOI: 10.1155/2013/876132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate materials are similar to bone in composition and in having bioactive and osteoconductive properties. Calcium phosphate materials in different forms, as cements, composites, and coatings, are used in many medical and dental applications. This paper reviews the applications of these materials in dentistry. It presents a brief history, dental applications, and methods for improving their mechanical properties. Notable research is highlighted regarding (1) application of calcium phosphate into various fields in dentistry; (2) improving mechanical properties of calcium phosphate; (3) biomimetic process and functionally graded materials. This paper deals with most common types of the calcium phosphate materials such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate which are currently used in dental and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabr S. Al-Sanabani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Thamar, Dhamar 87407, Yemen
| | - Ahmed A. Madfa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Thamar, Dhamar 87407, Yemen
| | - Fadhel A. Al-Sanabani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Thamar, Dhamar 87407, Yemen
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Controlled biomineralization of electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) fibers to enhance their mechanical properties. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:5698-707. [PMID: 23131385 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun polymeric fibers have been investigated as scaffolding materials for bone tissue engineering. However, their mechanical properties, and in particular stiffness and ultimate tensile strength, cannot match those of natural bones. The objective of the study was to develop novel composite nanofiber scaffolds by attaching minerals to polymeric fibers using an adhesive material - the mussel-inspired protein polydopamine - as a "superglue". Herein, we report for the first time the use of dopamine to regulate mineralization of electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fibers to enhance their mechanical properties. We examined the mineralization of the PCL fibers by adjusting the concentration of HCO(3)(-) and dopamine in the mineralized solution, the reaction time and the surface composition of the fibers. We also examined mineralization on the surface of polydopamine-coated PCL fibers. We demonstrated the control of morphology, grain size and thickness of minerals deposited on the surface of electrospun fibers. The obtained mineral coatings render electrospun fibers with much higher stiffness, ultimate tensile strength and toughness, which could be closer to the mechanical properties of natural bone. Such great enhancement of mechanical properties for electrospun fibers through mussel protein-mediated mineralization has not been seen previously. This study could also be extended to the fabrication of other composite materials to better bridge the interfaces between organic and inorganic phases.
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Fan Y, Wen ZT, Liao S, Lallier T, Hagan JL, Twomley JT, Zhang JF, Sun Z, Xu X. Novel amelogenin-releasing hydrogel for remineralization of enamel artificial caries. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2012; 27:585-603. [PMID: 23338820 PMCID: PMC3548329 DOI: 10.1177/0883911512458050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the use of recombinant full-length amelogenin protein in combination with fluoride has shown promising results in the formation of densely packed enamel-like structures. In this study, amelogenin (rP172)-releasing hydrogels containing calcium, phosphate, and fluoride were investigated for remineralization efficacy using in vitro early enamel caries models. The hydrogels were applied to artificial caries lesions on extracted human third molars, and the remineralization efficacy was tested in different models: static gel remineralization in the presence of artificial saliva, pH cyclic treatment at pH 5.4 acetic buffer and pH 7.3 gel remineralization, and treatment with multispecies oral biofilms grown in a continuous flowing constant-depth film fermenter. The surface microhardness of remineralized enamel increased significantly when amelogenin was released from hydrogel. No cytotoxicity was observed when periodontal ligament cells were cultured with the mineralized hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Fan
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zezhang T Wen
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sumei Liao
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Thomas Lallier
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Joseph L Hagan
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jefferson T Twomley
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jian-Feng Zhang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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9
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Modulation of enamel matrix proteins on the formation and nano-assembly of hydroxyapatite in vitro. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Svensson Bonde J, Bulow L. One-step purification of recombinant human amelogenin and use of amelogenin as a fusion partner. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33269. [PMID: 22442680 PMCID: PMC3307724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelogenin is an extracellular protein first identified as a matrix component important for formation of dental enamel during tooth development. Lately, amelogenin has also been found to have positive effects on clinical important areas, such as treatment of periodontal defects, wound healing, and bone regeneration. Here we present a simple method for purification of recombinant human amelogenin expressed in Escherichia coli, based on the solubility properties of amelogenin. The method combines cell lysis with recovery/purification of the protein and generates a >95% pure amelogenin in one step using intact harvested cells as starting material. By using amelogenin as a fusion partner we could further demonstrate that the same method also be can explored to purify other target proteins/peptides in an effective manner. For instance, a fusion between the clinically used protein PTH (parathyroid hormone) and amelogenin was successfully expressed and purified, and the amelogenin part could be removed from PTH by using a site-specific protease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leif Bulow
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Fan Y, Nelson JR, Alvarez JR, Hagan J, Berrier A, Xu X. Amelogenin-assisted ex vivo remineralization of human enamel: Effects of supersaturation degree and fluoride concentration. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:2293-302. [PMID: 21256987 PMCID: PMC3074030 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The formation of organized nanocrystals that resemble enamel is crucial for successful enamel remineralization. Calcium, phosphate and fluoride ions, and amelogenin are important ingredients for the formation of organized hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals in vitro. However, the effects of these remineralization agents on the enamel crystal morphology have not been thoroughly studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fluoride ions, supersaturation degree and amelogenin on the crystal morphology and organization of ex vivo remineralized human enamel. Extracted third molars were sliced thin and acid-etched to provide the enamel surface for immersion in different remineralization solutions. The crystal morphology and mineral phase of the remineralized enamel surface were analyzed by field emission-scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transformed infrared and X-ray diffraction. The concentration of fluoride and the supersaturation degree of hydroxyapatite had significant effects on the crystal morphology and crystal organization, which varied from plate-like loose crystals to rod-like densely packed nanocrystal arrays. Densely packed arrays of fluoridated hydroxyapatite nanorods were observed under the following conditions: σ(HAP)=10.2±2.0 with 1.5±0.5 mg l(-1) fluoride and 40±10 μg ml(-1) amelogenin, pH 6.8±0.4. A phase diagram summarizes the conditions that form dense or loose hydroxyapatite nanocrystal structures. This study provides the basis for the development of novel dental materials for caries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Fan
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, 70119, USA.
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Wang X, Ito A, Li X, Sogo Y, Oyane A. Signal molecules-calcium phosphate coprecipitation and its biomedical application as a functional coating. Biofabrication 2011; 3:022001. [PMID: 21474887 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/3/2/022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the current knowledge of signal molecules-calcium phosphate coprecipitation and its biomedical application as a functional coating are described. Although signal molecules regulate a variety of cellular processes, it is difficult to sustain the regulation activity for a long term when the signal molecules are only injected in a free form. The signal molecules-calcium phosphate coprecipitation on a substrate surface is a very promising process to achieve sustained regulation activity of the signal molecules by controlled and localized delivery of the signal molecules to specific body sites (implantation sites). However, the significance of immobilizing signal molecules with calcium phosphate coatings and their biomedical application are not systematically illustrated. For this purpose, the presently existing coprecipitation methods and strategies on biomedical application are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiupeng Wang
- Human Technology Research Institute, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Tsuji T, Oaki Y, Yoshinari M, Kato T, Shiba K. Motif-programmed artificial proteins mediated nucleation of octacalcium phosphate on titanium substrates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:6675-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Mandel S, Tas AC. Brushite (CaHPO 4 ·2H 2 O) to octacalcium phosphate (Ca 8 (HPO 4 ) 2 (PO 4 ) 4 ·5H 2 O) transformation in DMEM solutions at 36.5 °C. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2010; 30:245-254. [PMID: 30011614 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Wu CY, Martel J, Young D, Young JD. Fetuin-A/albumin-mineral complexes resembling serum calcium granules and putative nanobacteria: demonstration of a dual inhibition-seeding concept. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8058. [PMID: 19956594 PMCID: PMC2779105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum-derived granulations and purported nanobacteria (NB) are pleomorphic apatite structures shown to resemble calcium granules widely distributed in nature. They appear to be assembled through a dual inhibitory-seeding mechanism involving proteinaceous factors, as determined by protease (trypsin and chymotrypsin) and heat inactivation studies. When inoculated into cell culture medium, the purified proteins fetuin-A and albumin fail to induce mineralization, but they will readily combine with exogenously added calcium and phosphate, even in submillimolar amounts, to form complexes that will undergo morphological transitions from nanoparticles to spindles, films, and aggregates. As a mineralization inhibitor, fetuin-A is much more potent than albumin, and it will only seed particles at higher mineral-to-protein concentrations. Both proteins display a bell-shaped, dose-dependent relationship, indicative of the same dual inhibitory-seeding mechanism seen with whole serum. As ascertained by both seeding experiments and gel electrophoresis, fetuin-A is not only more dominant but it appears to compete avidly for nanoparticle binding at the expense of albumin. The nanoparticles formed in the presence of fetuin-A are smaller than their albumin counterparts, and they have a greater tendency to display a multi-layered ring morphology. In comparison, the particles seeded by albumin appear mostly incomplete, with single walls. Chemically, spectroscopically, and morphologically, the protein-mineral particles resemble closely serum granules and NB. These particles are thus seen to undergo an amorphous to crystalline transformation, the kinetics and completeness of which depend on the protein-to-mineral ratios, with low ratios favoring faster conversion to crystals. Our results point to a dual inhibitory-seeding, de-repression model for the assembly of particles in supersaturated solutions like serum. The presence of proteins and other inhibitory factors tend to block apatite nuclei formation or to stabilize the nascent nuclei as amorphous or semi-crystalline spherical nanoparticles, until the same inhibitory influences are overwhelmed or de-repressed, whereby the apatite nuclei grow in size to coalesce into crystalline spindles and films-a mechanism that may explain not only the formation of calcium granules in nature but also normal or ectopic calcification in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yeu Wu
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jan Martel
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - David Young
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John D. Young
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Mingchi University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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16
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Benesch J, Mano JF, Reis RL. Proteins and Their Peptide Motifs in Acellular Apatite Mineralization of Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2008; 14:433-45. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2008.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Benesch
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Caldas das Taipas, Portugal
- IBB—Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Caldas das Taipas, Portugal
- IBB—Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Caldas das Taipas, Portugal
- IBB—Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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17
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Jayasuriya AC, Shah C. Controlled release of insulin-like growth factor-1 and bone marrow stromal cell function of bone-like mineral layer-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffolds. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2008; 2:43-9. [PMID: 18361482 DOI: 10.1002/term.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Controlled release of growth factors or drugs provides great therapeutic advantages for bone defects which do not heal with normal therapeutic treatments. We have accelerated the deposition of bone-like mineral (BLM) on the surface of three-dimensional (3D) poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) porous scaffolds to 36-48 h by modifying the biomimetic process parameters and applying surface treatments onto PLGA scaffolds. We used simulated body fluid containing insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1; 1 microg/ml) to mineralize the PLGA scaffolds for 48 h. IGF-1 was co-precipitated with mineral on the surface of the PLGA scaffolds. IGF-1-incorporated mineralized scaffolds demonstrated slow controlled release over a 30 day period when they were incubated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37 degrees C. Bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) function on three different types of scaffolds, such as control (non-mineralized) scaffolds, mineralized scaffolds, and IGF-1-incorporated mineralized scaffolds was also investigated. BMSC attachment and proliferation was enhanced for IGF-1-incorporated mineralized scaffolds compared with controls during the culture period. BMSC differentiation was not changed during the culture period among the three groups of scaffolds, as assessed by alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin assay. According to findings from this study, BLM has great potential to be used as a carrier for biological molecules for localized release applications as well as bone tissue-engineering applications.
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Li H, Huang W, Zhang Y, Zhong M. Biomimetic synthesis of enamel-like hydroxyapatite on self-assembled monolayers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2006.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fan Y, Sun Z, Wang R, Abbott C, Moradian-Oldak J. Enamel inspired nanocomposite fabrication through amelogenin supramolecular assembly. Biomaterials 2007; 28:3034-42. [PMID: 17382381 PMCID: PMC1995434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fabricating the structures similar to dental enamel through the in vitro preparation method is of great interest in the fields of dentistry and material sciences. Developing enamel is composed of calcium phosphate mineral, water, and enamel matrix proteins, mainly amelogenins. To prepare a material mimicking such composition a novel approach of simultaneously assembling amelogenin and calcium phosphate precipitates by electrolytic deposition (ELD) was established. It was found that recombinant full-length amelogenin (rP172) self-assembled into nanochain structures during ELD (following increase in solution pH), and had significant effect on the induction of the parallel bundles of calcium phosphate nanocrystals, grown on semiconductive silicon wafer surface. When a truncated amelogenin (rP148) was used; no nanochain assembly was observed, neither parallel bundles were formed. The coating obtained in the presence of rP172 had improved elastic modulus and hardness when compared to the coating incorporated with rP148. Our data suggest that the formation of organized bundles in amelogenin-apatite composites is mainly driven by amelogenin nanochain assembly and highlights the potential of such composite for future application as dental restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Fan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103 Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zhi Sun
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103 Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Rizhi Wang
- Department of Material Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christopher Abbott
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103 Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Janet Moradian-Oldak
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103 Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- * Corresponding author: , Tel: (323) 442-1759, Fax: (323) 442-2981
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Petta V, Moradian-Oldak J, Yannopoulos SN, Bouropoulos N. Dynamic light scattering study of an amelogenin gel-like matrix in vitro. Eur J Oral Sci 2006; 114 Suppl 1:308-14; discussion 327-9, 382. [PMID: 16674704 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2006.00325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Amelogenin self-assembly is critical for the structural organization of apatite crystals during enamel mineralization. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of temperature and protein concentration on the aggregation of amelogenin nanospheres at high protein concentrations (>4.4 mg ml-1) in order to obtain an insight into the mechanism of amelogenin self-assembly to form higher-order structures. Amelogenins were extracted from enamel scrapings of unerupted mandibular pig molars. The dynamics of protein solutions were measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS) as a function of temperature and at acidic pH. At pH 4-5.5, three kinds of particles were observed, ranging in size from 3 to 80 nm. At pH 6, heating the solution above approximately 30 degrees C resulted in a drastic change in the solution transparency, from clear to opaque. Low pH showed no aggregation effect, whilst solutions at a slightly acidic pH exhibited diffusion dynamics associated with the onset of aggregation. In addition, at the same temperature range, the hydrodynamic radii of the aggregates increased drastically, by almost one order of magnitude. These observations support the view that hydrophobic interactions are the primary driving force for the pH- and temperature-sensitive self-assembly of amelogenin particles in a 'gel-like' matrix. The trend of self-assembly in a 'gel-like matrix' is similar to that in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Petta
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas - Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
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Moradian-Oldak J, Wen HB, Schneider GB, Stanford CM. Tissue engineering strategies for the future generation of dental implants. Periodontol 2000 2006; 41:157-76. [PMID: 16686932 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Moradian-Oldak
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Du C, Moradian-Oldak J. Tooth regeneration: challenges and opportunities for biomedical material research. Biomed Mater 2006; 1:R10-7. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/1/1/r02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Duan K, Wang R. Surface modifications of bone implants through wet chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b517634d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Du C, Schneider GB, Zaharias R, Abbott C, Seabold D, Stanford C, Moradian-Oldak J. Apatite/amelogenin coating on titanium promotes osteogenic gene expression. J Dent Res 2005; 84:1070-4. [PMID: 16246944 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508401120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation and extracellular matrix production are pivotal processes for implant osseointegration or bone tissue engineering. We hypothesized that a biomimetic coating on titanium surfaces, consisting of apatite and amelogenin, would promote such processes. Human Embryonic Palatal Mesenchymal pre-osteoblasts were used as a model for the evaluation of cell adhesion and spreading patterns, as well as mRNA expression of certain osteoblastic gene products. Real-time PCR showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in expression of type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin from cells grown on titanium with an apatite/amelogenin composite, as compared with that from cells grown on a pure titanium or apatite coating only. Osteocalcin expression was specifically stimulated by amelogenin added to the culture media. Enhanced attachment and cell spreading were also observed. The biomimetic coating promoting cell adhesion and osteoblast differentiation may have great potential for future dental and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Du
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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