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Tan X, Gao S, Liu B, Min J, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Yu H. Effect of different pH environments on the durability of bonds between zirconia and Ti-6Al-4V. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:884-891. [PMID: 31611496 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the role played by different pH environments in the deterioration of bonds between Y-TZP and Ti-6Al-4V. One hundred and thirty-five specimens were randomly assigned to one of the following storage media at 37°C: (1) distilled water, pH 6.9, DW; (2) acidic solution, pH 1-2, CS; and (3) alkaline solution, pH 10-11, KS. Shear bond strength (SBS) tests were carried out at the 4-, 14-, and 30-day storage time intervals. The morphology characteristics and elements distribution of the fracture surfaces were analyzed. CS-30 showed the lowest mean SBS and the least amount of residual cement on the Ti-6Al-4V surface after the SBS tests. Bond strength tended to decrease with increasing storage time for the acidic group. Alkaline and neutral media showed little influence on the SBS of Y-TZP to Ti-6Al-4V in 30 days. Acidic environments should be properly avoided to obtain reliable long-term bonding strength between Ti-6Al-4V and Y-TZP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tan
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Beilei Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
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Cao Y, Guo YY, Chen L, Han J, Tong H, Zhang B, Zhang Y. Effects of Different Surface Treatments on Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Machined Pure Titanium. THE JOURNAL OF ADHESIVE DENTISTRY 2019; 21:401-411. [PMID: 31624805 DOI: 10.3290/j.jad.a43182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of grit blasting, acidic or alkaline/heat treatments, and metal primer application on the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin cement to machined commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti). MATERIALS AND METHODS Titanium plates were machined and received one of the following treatments: grit-blasting (GB), or grit-blasting followed by either acidic treatment (GB/AC) or alkaline/heat treatment (GB/AH). The specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated with Rely X Ceramic Primer (RCP), Z Prime Plus (ZPP), and Alloy Primer (ALP), or without primer as the control. The pairs of titanium plates were cemented together with the Rely X Unicem cement. SBS was measured before and after thermocycling between 5°C and 55°C for 5000 cycles. RESULTS SEM observation showed that honeycomb-shaped pores formed on the surface of machined CP-Ti after GB/AC treatment, whereas a uniform net-like pattern formed after GB/AH treatment. In descending order, the surface roughness was GB, GB/AC, and GB/AH. The GB/AH group showed the highest SBS among all the treatments. As for primers, ALP group showed the highest SBS, while the RCP group showed the lowest. GB followed by ALP presented the highest SBS. CONCLUSION A fine, uniform network structure was formed on the surface of CP-Ti following GB/AH treatment, providing an effective micromechanical interlocking mechanism for resin bonding. At the same time, after AH treatment, the -OH formed on the surface of the machined CP-Ti triggered a chemical reaction with the acid monomers in the resin adhesives, creating a chemical bond. As a result, GB/AH treatment significantly improved the bond strength relative to GB/AC treatment. In addition, ALP treatment facilitated the formation of hydrogen bonds, which further improved the chemical bond strength. Finally, the combination of the effects mentioned above resulted in the most robust bond between machined CP-Ti and the resin adhesives.
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Taira Y, Egoshi T, Sakihara M, Kaida K, Kamada K. Effect of tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen trifluoride treatment on durability of resin–titanium bond strengths. J Dent Sci 2019; 14:109-112. [PMID: 30988891 PMCID: PMC6445921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of titanium surface treatment with tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen trifluoride (TDTF) on the bond between the titanium and resins for dental applications. Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) specimens were air-abraded with alumina particles, surface-treated with an etchant containing TDTF (Monobond Etch & Prime; ETCH) for 10 s (ETCH10) or 30 s (ETCH30), rinsed with water, treated with a phosphoric monomer-based primer, and bonded to an indirect resin composite. Non-ETCH-treated specimens (no-ETCH) were prepared as a control. The shear bond strengths were determined before and after 100,000 thermocycles, and the means and standard deviations for eight specimens were calculated and statistically analyzed using a non-parametric Steel–Dwass test (α = 0.05). The ETCH10 and ETCH30 specimens exhibited the highest bond strengths, which were maintained for 100,000 thermocycles, while significantly lower values were obtained for no-ETCH specimens. In conclusion, the surface treatment with a TDTF-containing etchant considerably improved the durability of the resin–cpTi bond strength. Appropriate surface treatment of cpTi should be selected for achieving longer-lasting treatments and better clinical solutions for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohsuke Taira
- Division of Cariology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takafumi Egoshi
- Division of Cariology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Corresponding author. Division of Cariology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan. Fax: +81 95 819 7689.
| | - Michino Sakihara
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kei Kaida
- Division of Cariology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kohji Kamada
- Department of General Dentistry, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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Kim C, Kendall MR, Miller MA, Long CL, Larson PR, Humphrey MB, Madden AS, Tas AC. Comparison of titanium soaked in 5 M NaOH or 5 M KOH solutions. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 33:327-39. [PMID: 23565038 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Commercially pure titanium plates/coupons and pure titanium powders were soaked for 24 h in 5 M NaOH and 5 M KOH solutions, under identical conditions, over the temperature range of 37° to 90 °C. Wettability of the surfaces of alkali-treated cpTi coupons was studied by using contact angle goniometry. cpTi coupons soaked in 5 M NaOH or 5 M KOH solutions were found to have hydrophilic surfaces. Hydrous alkali titanate nanofibers and nanotubes were identified with SEM/EDXS and grazing incidence XRD. Surface areas of Ti powders increased > 50–220 times, depending on the treatment, when soaked in the above solutions. A solution was developed to coat amorphous calcium phosphate, instead of hydroxyapatite, on Ti coupon surfaces. In vitro cell culture tests were performed with osteoblast-like cells on the alkali-treated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kim
- Oklahoma School of Science and Mathematics, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Almilhatti HJ, Neppelenbroek KH, Vergani CE, Machado AL, Pavarina AC, Giampaolo ET. Adhesive bonding of resin composite to various titanium surfaces using different metal conditioners and a surface modification system. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 21:590-6. [PMID: 24473727 PMCID: PMC3891285 DOI: 10.1590/1679-775720130255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the effect of three metal conditioners on the shear bond
strength (SBS) of a prosthetic composite material to cpTi grade I having three
surface treatments. Material and Methods One hundred sixty eight rivet-shaped specimens (8.0x2.0 mm) were cast and
subjected to polishing (P) or sandblasting with either 50 mm (50SB) or 250 mm
(250SB) Al2O3. The metal conditioners Metal Photo Primer
(MPP), Cesead II Opaque Primer (OP), Targis Link (TL), and one surface
modification system Siloc (S), were applied to the specimen surfaces, which were
covered with four 1-mm thick layers of resin composite. The resin layers were
exposed to curing light for 90 s separately. Seven specimens from each
experimental group were stored in water at 37ºC for 24 h while the other 7
specimens were subjected to 5,000 thermal cycles consisting of water baths at 4ºC
and 60ºC (n=7). All specimens were subjected to SBS test (0.5 mm/min) until
failure occurred, and further 28 specimens were analyzed using scanning electron
microscope (SEM) and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Data were
analyzed by 3-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey's test
(α=0.05). Results On 50SB surfaces, OP groups showed higher SBS means than MPP (P<0.05), while no
significant difference was found among OP, S, and TL groups. On 250SB surfaces, OP
and TL groups exhibited higher SBS than MPP and S (P<0.05). No significant
difference in SBS was found between OP and TL groups nor between MPP and S groups.
The use of conditioners on 250SB surfaces resulted in higher SBS means than the
use of the same products on 50SB surfaces (P<0.05). Conclusion Sandblasting associated with the use of metal conditioners improves SBS of resin
composites to cpTi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Vergani
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara Dental School, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, AraraquaraSP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Machado
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara Dental School, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, AraraquaraSP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara Dental School, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, AraraquaraSP, Brazil
| | - Eunice Teresinha Giampaolo
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara Dental School, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, AraraquaraSP, Brazil
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Egoshi T, Taira Y, Soeno K, Sawase T. Effects of sandblasting, H2SO4/HCl etching, and phosphate primer application on bond strength of veneering resin composite to commercially pure titanium grade 4. Dent Mater J 2014; 32:219-27. [PMID: 23538756 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of surface treatments on the bond strength of a resin composite to a commercially pure titanium. The bonding surfaces of all titanium specimens were ground with 1,000-grit silicon carbide paper and then subjected to one or more of these surface treatments: sandblasting with alumina (sand), etching with 45wt% H2SO4 and 15wt% HCl (SH-etchant) at 70°C for 10 min, and/or phosphate primer (MDP-primer) application. Specimens not subjected to any surface treatment were used as controls. After resin composite veneer placement and 24-h water immersion, the shear bond strengths of the specimens in descending order were: sand/SH-etchant/MDP-primer, sand/SH-etchant/no primer, no sand/SH-etchant/MDP-primer, sand/no etch/MDP-primer, no sand/SH-etchant/no primer, sand/no etch/no primer, no sand/no etch/MDP-primer, no sand/no etch/no primer. Scanning electron microscope observations revealed that sandblasting and SH-etchant created many micro- and nanoscale cavities on the titanium surface. Results showed that a combined use of sandblasting, SH-etchant, and MDP-primer application had a cooperative effect on titanium bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Egoshi
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Taira Y, Egoshi T, Kamada K, Sawase T. Surface modification with alumina blasting and H2SO4-HCl etching for bonding two resin-composite veneers to titanium. Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 122:84-8. [PMID: 24372961 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an experimental surface treatment with alumina blasting and acid etching on the bond strengths between each of two resin composites and commercially pure titanium. The titanium surface was blasted with alumina and then etched with 45wt% H2SO4 and 15wt% HCl (H2SO4-HCl). A light- and heat-curing resin composite (Estenia) and a light-curing resin composite (Ceramage) were used with adjunctive metal primers. Veneered specimens were subjected to thermal cycling between 4 and 60°C for 50,000 cycles, and the shear bond strengths were determined. The highest bond strengths were obtained for Blasting/H2SO4-HCl/Estenia (30.2 ± 4.5 MPa) and Blasting/Etching/Ceramage (26.0 ± 4.5 MPa), the values of which were not statistically different, followed by Blasting/No etching/Estenia (20.4 ± 2.4 MPa) and Blasting/No etching/Ceramage (0.8 ± 0.3 MPa). Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that alumina blasting and H2SO4-HCl etching creates a number of micro- and nanoscale cavities on the titanium surface, which contribute to adhesive bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohsuke Taira
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Kim C, Kendall MR, Miller MA, Long CL, Larson PR, Humphrey MB, Madden AS, Tas AC. Comparison of titanium soaked in 5 M NaOH or 5 M KOH solutions. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013. [PMID: 23565038 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.08.047.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Commercially pure titanium plates/coupons and pure titanium powders were soaked for 24 h in 5 M NaOH and 5 M KOH solutions, under identical conditions, over the temperature range of 37° to 90 °C. Wettability of the surfaces of alkali-treated cpTi coupons was studied by using contact angle goniometry. cpTi coupons soaked in 5 M NaOH or 5 M KOH solutions were found to have hydrophilic surfaces. Hydrous alkali titanate nanofibers and nanotubes were identified with SEM/EDXS and grazing incidence XRD. Surface areas of Ti powders increased > 50–220 times, depending on the treatment, when soaked in the above solutions. A solution was developed to coat amorphous calcium phosphate, instead of hydroxyapatite, on Ti coupon surfaces. In vitro cell culture tests were performed with osteoblast-like cells on the alkali-treated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kim
- Oklahoma School of Science and Mathematics, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Fawzy AS, El-Askary FS. Effect acidic and alkaline/heat treatments on the bond strength of different luting cements to commercially pure titanium. J Dent 2009; 37:255-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2008.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Tsuchimoto Y, Yoshida Y, Takeuchi M, Mine A, Yatani H, Tagawa YI, Van Meerbeek B, Suzuki K, Kuboki T. Effect of surface pre-treatment on durability of resin-based cements bonded to titanium. Dent Mater 2006; 22:545-52. [PMID: 16221488 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 08/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Titanium has in recent years become a material of great opportunities in dentistry and orthopedics. In this study, we searched for a method to effectively pre-treat titanium as part of an adhesive luting and/or resin-veneering procedure. METHODS Ti plates were treated with two different solutions of hydrochloric acid (0.1, 1N), 37wt% phosphoric acid or kept untreated (control). The tensile bond strength of the composite cement (Panavia Fluoro Cement, Kuraray) to the untreated and pre-treated Ti plates was determined without and after 20,000 thermo-cycles. XPS was used to chemically analyze the effect of the three Ti pre-treatments, as well as the interaction of 10-methacryloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP; functional monomer of Panavia Fluoro Cement) with Ti treated with 1N HCl. RESULTS Although no significant difference in immediate tensile bond strength was measured, thermo-cycling significantly decreased the bond strength of all experimental groups except for Ti treated with 1N HCl. No difference in surface roughness was found between untreated and treated Ti. XPS demonstrated that HCl effectively decontaminated Ti in a dose-dependent manner, while H(3)PO(4) was strongly adsorbed on the Ti surface. While the latter potentially inhibits adsorption of the phosphoric groups of the functional monomer 10-MDP, Ti pre-treated with 1N HCl improved the adsorption of 10-MDP as compared to untreated Ti. SIGNIFICANCE It is concluded that 1N HCl effectively pre-treats Ti in order to make it more receptive to resin, while H(3)PO(4) should better not be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Tsuchimoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan
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Tsuchimoto Y, Yoshida Y, Mine A, Nakamura M, Nishiyama N, Van Meerbeek B, Suzuki K, Kuboki T. Effect of 4-MET- and 10-MDP-based Primers on Resin Bonding to Titanium. Dent Mater J 2006; 25:120-4. [PMID: 16706306 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.25.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a 4-MET- and 10-MDP-based primer on the bond strength of two resin cements (SuperBond C&B, Sun Medical; Panavia Fluoro Cement, Kuraray) to titanium (Ti). Ti plates were treated with six experimental primers consisting of, respectively, 10-MDP and 4-MET in concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10wt%, or were kept untreated (control). The highest tensile bond strength of Panavia Fluoro Cement to Ti was obtained when the Ti surface was pre-treated with 10wt% 10-MDP and was significantly higher than that when a lower concentrated 10-MDP-based primer or any 4-MET-based primer was used. On the contrary, no significant difference in tensile bond strength of SuperBond C&B was found for the untreated and six pre-treated Ti surfaces, although pre-treatment with each 10-MDP-based primer resulted in a higher tensile bond strength as compared to any 4-MET pre-treatment. Altogether, the data obtained strongly suggest that 10-MDP is effective to improve the adhesive performance of resin to titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Tsuchimoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Japan
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Ban S, Taniki T, Sato H, Kono H, Iwaya Y, Miyamoto M. Acid Etching of Titanium for Bonding with Veneering Composite Resins. Dent Mater J 2006; 25:382-90. [PMID: 16916245 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.25.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) was etched using three concentrated acids: 18% HCl, 43% H3PO4, and 48% H2SO4. The bond strengths between five types of veneering composite resin and eight cpTi treatments (involving combinations of sandblasting, acid etching in 48% H2SO4, and vacuum firing) were determined before and after 10,000 and 20,000 thermal cycles. There were no significant differences in the bond strength of resin to cpTi after etching in 48% H2SO4 at 90 degrees C for 15 minutes, at 60 degrees C for 15, 30, or 60 minutes, and after sandblasting with and without vacuum firing (p > 0.05); moreover, these treatments yielded the highest values. As for vacuum firing, it had no significant effect on resin bond strength to cpTi before or after 10,000 and 20,000 thermal cycles. We therefore concluded that acid etching in concentrated H2SO4 is a simple and effective surface modification method of titanium for bonding to veneering composite resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Ban
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 Kagoshima, Japan.
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