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Hong L, Chen G, Cai Z, Liu H, Zhang C, Wang F, Xiao Z, Zhong J, Wang L, Wang Z, Cui W. Balancing Microthrombosis and Inflammation via Injectable Protein Hydrogel for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200281. [PMID: 35524641 PMCID: PMC9284187 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that a vicious cycle between inflammation and microthrombosis catalyzes the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Over-stimulated inflammation triggers a coagulation cascade and leads to microthrombosis, which further complicates the injury through tissue hypoxia and ischemia. Herein, an injectable protein hydrogel with anti-thrombosis and anti-inflammation competency is developed to impede this cycle, cross-linked by silver ion mediated metal-ligand coordination and electronic interaction with sulfhydryl functionalized bovine serum albumin and heparin, respectively. The ex vivo experiments show that the hydrogel, HEP-Ag-BSA, exhibits excellent self-healing ability, injectability, biocompatibility, and sustained drug release. HEP-Ag-BSA also demonstrates anti-coagulation and anti-inflammation abilities via coagulation analysis and lipopolysaccharide stimulation assay. The in vivo imaging confirms the longer retention time of HEP-Ag-BSA at inflammatory sites than in normal mucosa owing to electrostatic interactions. The in vivo study applying a mouse model with colitis also reveals that HEP-Ag-BSA can robustly inhibit inflammatory microthrombosis with reduced bleeding risk. This versatile protein hydrogel platform can definitively hinder the "inflammation and microthrombosis" cycle, providing a novel integrated approach against IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Hong
- Department of GastroenterologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Gaoxian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyInstitute of Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Cai
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of GastroenterologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyInstitute of Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of GastroenterologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Department of GeriatricsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Zhengting Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
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Identification of inflammatory markers in eosinophilic cells of the immune system: fluorescence, Raman and CARS imaging can recognize markers but differently. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:52. [PMID: 34936035 PMCID: PMC8739296 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils (Eos) play an important role in the immune system’s response releasing several inflammatory factors and contributing to allergic rhinitis, asthma, or atopic dermatitis. Since Eos have a relatively short lifetime after isolation from blood, usually eosinophilic cell line (EoL-1) is used to study mechanisms of their activation and to test therapies. In particular, EoL-1 cells are examined in terms of signalling pathways of the inflammatory response manifested by the presence of lipid bodies (LBs). Here we examined the differences in response to inflammation modelled by various factors, between isolated human eosinophils and EoL-1 cells, as manifested in the number and chemical composition of LBs. The analysis was performed using fluorescence, Raman, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, which recognised the inflammatory process in the cells, but it is manifested slightly differently depending on the method used. We showed that unstimulated EoL-1 cells, compared to isolated eosinophils, contained more LBs, displayed different nucleus morphology and did not have eosinophilic peroxidase (EPO). In EoL-1 cells stimulated with various proinflammatory agents, including butyric acid (BA), liposaccharide (LPS), or cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), an increased production of LBs with a various degree of lipid unsaturation was observed in spontaneous Raman spectra. Furthermore, stimulation of EoL-1 cells resulted in alterations of the LBs morphology. In conclusion, a level of lipid unsaturation and eosinophilic peroxidase as well as LBs distribution among cell population mainly accounted for the biochemistry of eosinophils upon inflammation.
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Li X, Li L, Shi Y, Yu S, Ma X. Different signaling pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of unfractionated heparin on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2020; 17:5. [PMID: 32063752 PMCID: PMC7011532 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-020-0238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background There is a complex interplay between inflammatory response and coagulation in sepsis. Heparin is used as a recognized anticoagulant and possesses multiple biological properties that possibly affect sepsis. This study aimed to determine the possible signaling pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of unfractionated heparin (UFH) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). Methods HPMECs were transfected with siRNA targeting IκB-α. Cells were treated with UFH (0.01 U/ml~ 10 U/ml) 15 min before adding LPS (10 μg/ml). We detected the markers of systemic inflammatory response. Release of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 were evaluated at 3 h by ELISA and at 1 h by qRT-PCR. After 1 h, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) as well as phosphorylated inhibitor κB-α (IκB-α), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and ERK1/2, JNK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expressions were evaluated by Western blot. DNA binding was conducted to further prove the activation of NF-κB pathway. Results In HPMECs, UFH obviously inhibited LPS-stimulated production of IL-6 and IL-8, especially in 10 U/ml. UFH inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of IκB-α, ERK1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK and STAT3. UFH also suppressed LPS-stimulated nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Importantly, transfection with siRNA targeting IκB-α induced more obvious inflammatory response. UFH suppressed cytokines production and phosphorylation of different signaling pathways in IκB-α silencing cells. Conclusion These results demonstrate that UFH exerts the anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated HPMECs by different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, North Nanjing Street 155, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, North Nanjing Street 155, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yuequan Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, North Nanjing Street 155, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
| | - Sihan Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, North Nanjing Street 155, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, North Nanjing Street 155, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
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Li X, Zhao E, Li L, Ma X. Unfractionated Heparin Modulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cytokine Production by Different Signaling Pathways in THP-1 Cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 38:283-289. [PMID: 30016181 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Enfang Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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Current advanced therapy cell-based medicinal products for type-1-diabetes treatment. Int J Pharm 2018; 543:107-120. [PMID: 29597032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the XXI century diabetes mellitus has become one of the main threats to human health with higher incidence in regions such as Europe and North America. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) occurs as a consequence of the immune-mediated destruction of insulin producing β-cells located in the endocrine part of the pancreas, the islets of Langerhans. The administration of exogenous insulin through daily injections is the most prominent treatment for T1DM but its administration is frequently associated to failure in glucose metabolism control, finally leading to hyperglycemia episodes. Other approaches have been developed in the past decades, such as whole pancreas and islet allotransplantation, but they are restricted to patients who exhibit frequent episodes of hypoglycemia or renal failure because the lack of donors and islet survival. Moreover, patients transplanted with either whole pancreas or islets require of immune suppression to avoid the rejection of the transplant. Currently, advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP), such as implantable devices, have been developed in order to reduce immune rejection response while increasing cell survival. To overcome these issues, ATMPs must promote vascularization, guaranteeing the nutritional contribution, while providing O2 until vasculature can surround the device. Moreover, it should help in the immune-protection to avoid acute and chronic rejection. The transplanted cells or islets should be embedded within biomaterials with tunable properties like injectability, stiffness and porosity mimicking natural ECM structural characteristics. And finally, an infinitive cell source that solves the donor scarcity should be found such as insulin producing cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Several companies have registered their ATMPs and future studies envision new prototypes. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms and etiology of diabetes, comparing the clinical trials in the last decades in order to define the main characteristics for future ATMPs.
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Le Burel S, Thepenier C, Boutin L, Lataillade JJ, Peltzer J. Effect of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on T Cells in a Septic Context: Immunosuppression or Immunostimulation? Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1477-1489. [PMID: 28747098 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex process, including a first wave of damage partially due to the body's response to pathogens, followed by a phase of immune cell dysfunction. The efficacy of a pharmacological approach facing a rapidly evolving system implies a perfect timing of administration-this difficulty could explain the recent failure of clinical trials. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are usually defined as immunosuppressive and their beneficial effects in preclinical models of acute sepsis have been shown to rely partly on such ability. If nonregulated, this phenotype could be harmful in the immunosuppressed context arising hours after sepsis onset. However, MSCs being environment sensitive, we hypothesized that they could reverse their immunosuppressive properties when confronted with suffering immune cells. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of human MSCs on activated human lymphocytes in an in vitro endotoxemia model. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) underwent a 24-h lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intoxication and were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in contact with MSCs. MSCs induced a differential effect on lymphocytes depending on PBMC intoxication with LPS. Unintoxicated lymphocytes were highly proliferative with PHA and were inhibited by MSCs, whereas LPS-intoxicated lymphocytes showed a low proliferation rate, but were supported by MSCs, even when monocytes were depleted. These data, highlighting MSC plasticity in their immunomodulatory activity, pave the way for further studies investigating the mechanisms of mutual interactions between MSCs and immune cells in sepsis. Thus, MSCs might be able to fight against both early sepsis-induced hyperinflammatory response and later time points of immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Le Burel
- Unité de Thérapie Tissulaire et Traumatologie de Guerre (T3G), Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées "Jean Julliard" Hôpital Percy , Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Cédric Thepenier
- Unité de Thérapie Tissulaire et Traumatologie de Guerre (T3G), Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées "Jean Julliard" Hôpital Percy , Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Laetitia Boutin
- Unité de Thérapie Tissulaire et Traumatologie de Guerre (T3G), Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées "Jean Julliard" Hôpital Percy , Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lataillade
- Unité de Thérapie Tissulaire et Traumatologie de Guerre (T3G), Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées "Jean Julliard" Hôpital Percy , Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Juliette Peltzer
- Unité de Thérapie Tissulaire et Traumatologie de Guerre (T3G), Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées "Jean Julliard" Hôpital Percy , Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Clamart, France
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Yanamoto S, Babazada H, Sakai S, Higuchi Y, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Self-assembling Glycol-Split Glycosaminoglycan-Stearylamine Conjugates in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:540-545. [PMID: 28381810 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play important roles in various biological processes such as cell adhesion and signal transduction, as well as promote anti-inflammatory activity. We previously revealed that glycol-split heparin (HP)-aliphatic amine conjugates form self-assembled nanoparticles and suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages much more strongly than native HP (J. CONTROL Release, 194, 2014, Babazada et al.). Considering that HP is not the only GAG to have anti-inflammatory activity, the present study was initiated to examine whether conjugation of GAGs with aliphatic amines is generally effective in their activity augmentation against LPS-stimulated macrophages. We newly synthesized the stearylamine conjugates of chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA), and low-molecular-weight heparin (LH), and investigated the effect of the position and degree of sulfation and molecular weight of GAGs on their anti-inflammatory activity. All of the conjugates formed self-assembled nanoparticles in aqueous solution. The IC50 value for suppression of TNF-α production from the macrophages was the smallest with the derivative of LH, followed by HP, CS, and HA. The degree of sulfation appeared to be important in determining their anti-inflammatory activity, which would correspond to previous results using the derivatives of site-selectively desulfated HP. Comparison of HP and LH derivatives revealed that fractionated smaller heparin has greater anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yanamoto
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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Ligi D, Mosti G, Croce L, Raffetto JD, Mannello F. Chronic venous disease – Part I: Inflammatory biomarkers in wound healing. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1964-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Nouri M, Ahmadi A, Etezadi F, Barzegar E, Mojtahedzadeh M. Comparison of the Effects of Subcutaneous Versus Continuous Infusion of Heparin on Key Inflammatory Parameters Following Sepsis. Anesth Pain Med 2016; 6:e33780. [PMID: 27252904 PMCID: PMC4886623 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.33780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is the result of the interaction between inflammatory mediators and coagulation pathway. Unfractionated heparin may play a role as an anti-inflammatory agent beyond its anticoagulatory effect in sepsis. As a result, it may cause reduction in organ failure rate in patients with sepsis due to its impact on both inflammatory and coagulation process. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of heparin in sepsis. Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as an inflammatory mediator and urinary necoutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a marker of kidney injury were investigated. Patients and Methods This prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted in a 32-bed intensive care unit. Thirty patients with sepsis were randomized to receive heparin infusion of 500 units/hour or 5000 units of heparin three times a day, subcutaneously. The plasma level of PAI-1 and urinary level of NGAL were determined at day 0, 2 and 7. Results The infusion group had a lower plasma PAI-1 level compared to the subcutaneous group at day 7 (11.3 ± 1.6 vs. 16.5 ± 4.2; P = 0.003). The urinary NGAL level was lower in the infusion group at day 2 (131.3 ± 11.9 vs. 151.2 ± 20.6; P = 0.014); however, at day 7 the NGAL level was decreased in the subcutaneous group as much as the infusion group and there was no significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores between the two groups at day 0, 2 and 7. Conclusions Low-dose heparin infusion compared to subcutaneous heparin can decrease the plasma PAI-1 and urinary NGAL levels more rapidly. It can be related to anti-inflammatory effects of heparin, which may be more prominent in infusion route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Nouri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Ahmadi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Etezadi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elchin Barzegar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mojtahedzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author: Mojtaba Mojtahedzadeh, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2188012501, E-mail:
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Luan ZG, Naranpurev M, Ma XC. Treatment of low molecular weight heparin inhibits systemic inflammation and prevents endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats. Inflammation 2015; 37:924-32. [PMID: 24425537 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is able to reduce pulmonary inflammation and improve the survival in rats with endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Rat ALI model was reproduced by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into tail vein. Rats were divided randomly into three groups: control group, ALI group, LMWH-treated group. Blood was collected and lung tissue was harvested at the designated time points for analysis. The lung specimens were harvested for morphological studies, streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry examination. Lung tissue edema was evaluated by tissue water content. The levels of lung tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined. Meanwhile, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein levels in the lung were studied. In survival studies, a separate group of rats were treated with LMWH or sterile saline after LPS administration. Then, the mortality was recorded. Treatment with LMWH after ALI was associated with a reduction in the severity of LPS-induced lung injury. Treatment with LMWH significantly decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, HMGB1 and ICAM-1 in the lung of ALI rats. Similarly, treatment with LMWH dramatically diminished LPS-induced neutrophil sequestration and markedly reduced the enhanced lung permeability. In the present study, LMWH administration inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in the lung. Survival was significantly higher among the LMWH-treated group compared with the ALI group. These data suggest that LMWH attenuates inflammation and prevents lethality in endotoxemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Gang Luan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China,
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Addressing the Inflammatory Response to Clinically Relevant Polymers by Manipulating the Host Response Using ITIM Domain-Containing Receptors. Polymers (Basel) 2014; 6:2526-2551. [PMID: 25705515 PMCID: PMC4333742 DOI: 10.3390/polym6102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue contacting surfaces of medical devices initiate a host inflammatory response, characterized by adsorption of blood proteins and inflammatory cells triggering the release of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), in an attempt to clear or isolate the foreign object from the body. This normal host response contributes to device-associated pathophysiology and addressing device biocompatibility remains an unmet need. Although widespread attempts have been made to render the device surfaces unreactive, the establishment of a completely bioinert coating has been untenable and demonstrates the need to develop strategies based upon the molecular mechanisms that define the interaction between host cells and synthetic surfaces. In this review, we discuss a family of transmembrane receptors, known as immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-containing receptors, which show promise as potential targets to address aberrant biocompatibility. These receptors repress the immune response and ensure that the intensity of an immune response is appropriate for the stimuli. Particular emphasis will be placed on the known ITIM-containing receptor, Signal Regulatory Protein Alpha (SIRPhα), and its cognate ligand CD47. In addition, this review will discuss the potential of other ITIM-containing proteins as targets for addressing the aberrant biocompatibility of polymeric biomaterials.
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Ding R, Zhao D, Guo R, Zhang Z, Ma X. Treatment with unfractionated heparin attenuates coagulation and inflammation in endotoxemic mice. Thromb Res 2011; 128:e160-5. [PMID: 21851968 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the pathogenesis of sepsis, inflammation and coagulation play a pivotal role. In addition to the anticoagulant activity, unfractionated heparin (UFH) has important immunomodulatory properties. However, different studies have reported conflicting effects on sepsis in association with heparin. The objective of this study is to determine whether UFH is able to reduce endotoxin-induced inflammation and coagulation in mice or produce improved outcome. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups. Experimental mice were given intravenous injection of 8 units/20 g body weight UFH (heparin sodium) diluted in 20 μl sterile saline while the control mice received vehicle sterile saline only. They were injected with LPS (30 mg/kg, i.p.) 0.5h later. Blood was collected and Livers were harvested at 3 and 6h for analysis. In survival studies, a separate group of mice were treated with 8 units/20 g UFH (n=20) or sterile saline (n=20) given intravenously at 1, 12, 24 and 36 hours after LPS injection. Mice were monitored every 12 hours for a maximum of 72 hrs. RESULTS 1) Pretreatment of mice with UFH strongly reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and TAT in plasma at 3 and 6h; 2) Pretreatment of mice with UFH inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and tissue factor genes in blood cells at 3h; 3) UFH pretreatment dramatically diminished LPS-induced neutrophil sequestration (at 3 and 6h) , thrombi formation and fibrin(ogen) deposition in the liver (at 6h). 4) The UFH-pretreated group exhibited significantly lower levels of ALT and CRE at 6h. 5) Treatment with UFH could prevent mortality associated with endotoxin challenge. CONCLUSION These data suggest that UFH attenuates inflammation and coagulation and prevents lethality in endotoxemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyu Ding
- Departments of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Abstract
Synthetic polymer coatings are used extensively in modern medical devices and implants because of their material versatility and processability. These coatings are designed for specific applications by controlling composition and physical and chemical properties, and they can be formed into a variety of complex structures and shapes. However, implantation of these materials into the body elicits a strong inflammatory host response that significantly limits the integration and biological performance of devices. Biomaterial-mediated inflammation is a complex reaction involving protein adsorption, leukocyte recruitment and activation, secretion of inflammatory mediators, and fibrous encapsulation of the implant. Significant research efforts have focused on modifying material properties using various anti-inflammatory polymeric surface coatings to generate more biocompatible implants. This minireview provides a brief background on the events of biomaterial-mediated inflammation and highlights various approaches used for modifying material surfaces to modulate inflammatory responses. These include both passive and active strategies, such as nonfouling surface treatments and delivery of anti-inflammatory agents, respectively. Novel approaches will be needed to extend the in vivo lifetime and performance of devices and reduce the need for multiple implantation surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W. Bridges
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrés J. García
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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Duvigneau JC, Sipos W, Hartl RT, Bayer M, Moldzio R, Stevenson L, Adair B, Gemeiner M. Heparin and EDTA as anticoagulant differentially affect cytokine mRNA level of cultured porcine blood cells. J Immunol Methods 2007; 324:38-47. [PMID: 17568606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2007.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine mRNA expression profiles serve to characterize immune cell activation in different test systems. Both, diluted whole blood and isolated PBMC are widely applied for these studies. Comprehensive data regarding the suitability of different anticoagulants for profiling cytokine expression are not available for the pig. Therefore the aim of this study was to compare the effect of two commonly used anticoagulants (heparin and EDTA) on the cytokine expression pattern of porcine blood cells. IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-gamma mRNA levels were detected ex-vivo and upon in-vitro stimulation in diluted porcine whole blood and isolated PBMC by real-time PCR. The cells were stimulated with ConA or LPS, known to act on different target cells and implying different signalling pathways. Additionally the integrity of the isolated RNA was investigated. Ex-vivo cytokine expression pattern of fresh whole blood were not affected by the investigated anticoagulants. In contrast, stimulation of cultured diluted whole blood or PBMC resulted in significant differences depending on the applied anticoagulant. Using EDTA we found a significantly decreased capacity of whole blood to express cytokines. However, isolated PBMC from EDTA anticoagulated blood showed a higher cytokine expression capacity than PBMC from heparinized blood. Comparing diluted whole blood and PBMC we found that cultured porcine whole blood responded better to bacterial products than isolated PBMC, probably because sufficient auxiliary plasma derived factors such as LPS-binding protein, are present. However, isolated PBMC showed a higher T-cell response than diluted whole blood. In conclusion, our findings underline that each application demands a specific assay system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Duvigneau
- Institute for Medical Chemistry, Department of Natural Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Xing L, Remick DG. Neutrophils as firemen, production of anti-inflammatory mediators by neutrophils in a mixed cell environment. Cell Immunol 2005; 231:126-32. [PMID: 15919377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2004.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Revised: 12/27/2004] [Accepted: 12/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils represent critical components of the innate immune system that bear primary responsibility for phagocytosis and killing of invading pathogens. Following stimulation of human whole blood, robust production of multiple cytokines and cytokine inhibitors occurs. We attempted to define the cell population responsible for the synthesis of different mediators by first stimulating whole blood and then isolating pure populations of granulocytes and monocytes. Monocytes produced mRNA coding for the classic pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6, while mRNA for these cytokines was not detectable in the isolated neutrophils. In contrast, neutrophils produce significant quantities of cytokine inhibitors such as the type 2 TNF soluble receptor and the IL-1 receptor antagonist. Both neutrophils and monocytes produced mRNA coding for IL-8. These data indicate that following stimulation of a mixed cell population the monocytes primarily produce pro-inflammatory mediators while the neutrophils synthesize a significant portion of the anti-inflammatory mediators. The neutrophils may be compared to firemen who bring the resources necessary to put out the flame of acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Xing
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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17
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Nishimura K, Shima K, Asakura M, Ohnishi Y, Yamasaki S. Effects of Heparin Administration on Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Infection in Rats. J Parasitol 2005; 91:219-22. [PMID: 15856910 DOI: 10.1645/ge-328r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether heparin administration influences in vivo trypanosome proliferation in infected rats. Administration of heparin every 8 hr via cardiac catheter inhibited growth of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and prolonged survival of treated rats. Heparin administration increased lipoprotein lipase activity, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration in the blood, and haptoglobin messenger RNA content of the liver. The presence of heparin in culture media did not directly affect proliferation of trypanosomes in vitro. However, the addition of plasma from infected rats treated with heparin to culture media decreased the number of trypanosomes. This effect was decreased by incubating the trypanosomes with benzyl alcohol, a known inhibitor of receptor-mediated endocytosis of lipoprotein. These data suggested that heparin administration reduced the number of trypanosomes in infected rats. Trypanosome lytic factor, a HDL and haptoglobin-related protein, protects humans and some animals from infection by Trypanosoma brucei brucei. In rats, increases in HDL and haptoglobin may affect the proliferation of T. b. gambiense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Nishimura
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuencho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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18
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Morvan FO, Baroukh B, Ledoux D, Caruelle JP, Barritault D, Godeau G, Saffar JL. An engineered biopolymer prevents mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil in hamsters. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2004; 164:739-46. [PMID: 14742277 PMCID: PMC1602269 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucositis is a common, treatment-limiting, and costly side effect of cancer treatments whose biological underpinnings remain poorly understood. In this study, mucositis induced in hamsters by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was observed after cheek-pouch scarifications, with and without administration of RGTA (RG1503), a polymer engineered to mimic the protective effects of heparan sulfate. RG1503 had no effects on 5-FU-induced decreases in body weight, blood cell counts, or cheek-pouch and jejunum epithelium proliferation rates, suggesting absence of interference with the cytotoxic effects of 5-FU. Extensive mucositis occurred in all of the untreated animals, and consisted of severe damage to cheek pouch tissues (epithelium, underlying connective tissue, and muscle bundles). Only half of the RG1503-treated animals had mucositis, over a mean area 70% smaller than in the untreated animals. Basement membranes were almost completely destroyed in the untreated group but was preserved in the RG1503 group. RG1503 blunted or abolished the following 5-FU-induced effects: increases in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and plasmin, and decreases in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2. These data indicate that mucositis lesions are related to massive release of proteolytic enzymes and are improved by RG1503 treatment, this effect being ascribable in part to restoration of the MMP-TIMP balance. RG1503 given with cancer treatment might protect patients from mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric O Morvan
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiopathologie Crânio-Faciales, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris-5, Montrouge, France
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