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Vėbraitė I, Hanein Y. Soft Devices for High-Resolution Neuro-Stimulation: The Interplay Between Low-Rigidity and Resolution. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 3:675744. [PMID: 35047928 PMCID: PMC8757739 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.675744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of neurostimulation has evolved over the last few decades from a crude, low-resolution approach to a highly sophisticated methodology entailing the use of state-of-the-art technologies. Neurostimulation has been tested for a growing number of neurological applications, demonstrating great promise and attracting growing attention in both academia and industry. Despite tremendous progress, long-term stability of the implants, their large dimensions, their rigidity and the methods of their introduction and anchoring to sensitive neural tissue remain challenging. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise introduction to the field of high-resolution neurostimulation from a technological perspective and to focus on opportunities stemming from developments in materials sciences and engineering to reduce device rigidity while optimizing electrode small dimensions. We discuss how these factors may contribute to smaller, lighter, softer and higher electrode density devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Vėbraitė
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Hanein
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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2
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Shakeri A, Khan S, Didar TF. Conventional and emerging strategies for the fabrication and functionalization of PDMS-based microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3053-3075. [PMID: 34286800 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00288k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is an emerging and multidisciplinary field that is of great interest to manufacturers in medicine, biotechnology, and chemistry, as it provides unique tools for the development of point-of-care diagnostics, organs-on-chip systems, and biosensors. Polymeric microfluidics, unlike glass and silicon, offer several advantages such as low-cost mass manufacturing and a wide range of beneficial material properties, which make them the material of choice for commercial applications and high-throughput systems. Among polymers used for the fabrication of microfluidic devices, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) still remains the most widely used material in academia due to its advantageous properties, such as excellent transparency and biocompatibility. However, commercialization of PDMS has been a challenge mostly due to the high cost of the current fabrication strategies. Moreover, specific surface modification and functionalization steps are required to tailor the surface chemistry of PDMS channels (e.g. biomolecule immobilization, surface hydrophobicity and antifouling properties) with respect to the desired application. While significant research has been reported in the field of PDMS microfluidics, functionalization of PDMS surfaces remains a critical step in the fabrication process that is difficult to navigate. This review first offers a thorough illustration of existing fabrication methods for PDMS-based microfluidic devices, providing several recent advancements in this field with the aim of reducing the cost and time for mass production of these devices. Next, various conventional and emerging approaches for engineering the surface chemistry of PDMS are discussed in detail. We provide a wide range of functionalization techniques rendering PDMS microchannels highly biocompatible for physical or covalent immobilization of various biological entities while preventing non-specific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amid Shakeri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Shadman Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Tohid F Didar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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3
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García-Fernández C, López-Fernández A, Borrós S, Lecina M, Vives J. Strategies for large-scale expansion of clinical-grade human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chen R, Li L, Feng L, Luo Y, Xu M, Leong KW, Yao R. Biomaterial-assisted scalable cell production for cell therapy. Biomaterials 2019; 230:119627. [PMID: 31767445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy, the treatment of diseases using living cells, offers a promising clinical approach to treating refractory diseases. The global market for cell therapy is growing rapidly, and there is an increasing demand for automated methods that can produce large quantities of high quality therapeutic cells. Biomaterials can be used during cell production to establish a biomimetic microenvironment that promotes cell adhesion and proliferation while maintaining target cell genotype and phenotype. Here we review recent progress and emerging techniques in biomaterial-assisted cell production. The increasing use of auxiliary biomaterials and automated production methods provides an opportunity to improve quality control and increase production efficiency using standardized GMP-compliant procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology of Ministry of Education, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology of Ministry of Education, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lu Feng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology of Ministry of Education, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yixue Luo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology of Ministry of Education, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mingen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information and 3D Bioprinting of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Rui Yao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology of Ministry of Education, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Abstract
Biomaterials as we know them today had their origins in the late 1940s with off-the-shelf commercial polymers and metals. The evolution of materials for medical applications from these simple origins has been rapid and impactful. This review relates some of the early history; addresses concerns after two decades of development in the twenty-first century; and discusses how advanced technologies in both materials science and biology will address concerns, advance materials used at the biointerface, and improve outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddy D. Ratner
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Liu G, Sheng Q, Dam D, Hua J, Hou W, Han M. Self-gauged fiber-optic micro-heater with an operation temperature above 1000°C. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:1412-1415. [PMID: 28362782 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.001412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a fiber-optic micro-heater based on a miniature crystalline silicon Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) fusion spliced to the endface of a single-mode fiber. The silicon FPI, having a diameter of 100 μm and a length of 10 or 200 μm, is heated by a 980 nm laser diode guided through the lead-in fiber, leading to a localized hot spot with a temperature that can be conveniently tuned from the ambient temperature to >1000°C in air. In the meantime, using a white light system operating in the 1550 nm wavelength window where the silicon is transparent, the silicon FPI itself also serves as a thermometer with high resolution and high speed for convenient monitoring and precise control of the heater temperature. Due to its small size, high temperature capability, and easy operation, the micro-heater is attractive for applications in a variety of fields, such as biology, microfluidics system, mechanical engineering, and high-temperature optical sensing. As an example, the application of this micro-heater as a micro-boiler and micro-bubble generator has been demonstrated.
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Ocular Biocompatibility of Poly-N-Isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM). J Ophthalmol 2016; 2016:5356371. [PMID: 27882245 PMCID: PMC5108863 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5356371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To study the safety of intravitreal injections of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM) tissue adhesive in rabbit eyes. Methods. Twelve study rabbits received an intravitreal injection of 0.1 mL 50% pNIPAM in the right eye. Follow-up examinations included color fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and electroretinography (ERG). Subsequent to the last follow-up assessment, the rabbits were sacrificed and histopathological study on the scleral incision sites was performed. Results. All study animals developed mild to moderate levels of inflammatory reaction in the conjunctiva, anterior chamber, and the anterior vitreous during the first month of follow-up. After this period, the level of the inflammatory reaction progressively decreased and completely disappeared after the third month of follow-up. The lens and cornea remained clear during the entire follow-up period. OCT and FA did not show areas of retinal damage or neovascularization. Histological and ERG studies of eyes injected with pNIPAM demonstrated absence of retinal toxicity. Conclusion. Intravitreal injections of pNIPAM were nontoxic in this animal study, and pNIPAM may be safe to be used as a bioadhesive in certain retinal diseases.
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Zhang G, Wang Y, Liu G. Poly(3-imidazolyl-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) – a new polymer with a tunable upper critical solution temperature in water. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01535b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel imidazole-bearing polymer is synthesized and its solubility in water increases as the solution temperature rises or pH increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Guojun Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada K7L 3N6
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Abstract
In this chapter the state of the art of live cell microarrays for high-throughput biological assays are reviewed. The fabrication of novel microarrays with respect to material science and cell patterning methods is included. A main focus of the chapter is on various aspects of the application of cell microarrays by providing selected examples in research fields such as biomaterials, stem cell biology and neuroscience. Additionally, the importance of microfluidic technologies for high-throughput on-chip live-cell microarrays is highlighted for single-cell and multi-cell assays as well as for 3D tissue constructs.
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Zhang W, Wang ML, Khalili S, Cranford SW. Materiomics for Oral Disease Diagnostics and Personal Health Monitoring: Designer Biomaterials for the Next Generation Biomarkers. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 20:12-29. [PMID: 26760957 PMCID: PMC4739130 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We live in exciting times for a new generation of biomarkers being enabled by advances in the design and use of biomaterials for medical and clinical applications, from nano- to macro-materials, and protein to tissue. Key challenges arise, however, due to both scientific complexity and compatibility of the interface of biology and engineered materials. The linking of mechanisms across scales by using a materials science approach to provide structure-process-property relations characterizes the emerging field of 'materiomics,' which offers enormous promise to provide the hitherto missing tools for biomaterial development for clinical diagnostics and the next generation biomarker applications towards personal health monitoring. Put in other words, the emerging field of materiomics represents an essentially systematic approach to the investigation of biological material systems, integrating natural functions and processes with traditional materials science perspectives. Here we outline how materiomics provides a game-changing technology platform for disruptive innovation in biomaterial science to enable the design of tailored and functional biomaterials--particularly, the design and screening of DNA aptamers for targeting biomarkers related to oral diseases and oral health monitoring. Rigorous and complementary computational modeling and experimental techniques will provide an efficient means to develop new clinical technologies in silico, greatly accelerating the translation of materiomics-driven oral health diagnostics from concept to practice in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Laboratory for Nanotechnology In Civil Engineering (NICE), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Interdisciplinary Engineering Program, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ming L. Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sammy Khalili
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Aurora Medical Group, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Steven W. Cranford
- Laboratory for Nanotechnology In Civil Engineering (NICE), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Becherer T, Heinen S, Wei Q, Haag R, Weinhart M. In-depth analysis of switchable glycerol based polymeric coatings for cell sheet engineering. Acta Biomater 2015; 25:43-55. [PMID: 26143602 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Scaffold-free cell sheet engineering using thermoresponsive substrates provides a promising alternative to conventional tissue engineering which in general employs biodegradable scaffold materials. We have previously developed a thermoresponsive coating with glycerol based linear copolymers that enables gentle harvesting of entire cell sheets. In this article we present an in-depth analysis of these thermoresponsive linear polyglycidyl ethers and their performance as coating for substrates in cell culture in comparison with commercially available poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) coated culture dishes. A series of copolymers of glycidyl methyl ether (GME) and glycidyl ethyl ether (EGE) was prepared in order to study their thermoresponsive properties in solution and on the surface with respect to the comonomer ratio. In both cases, when grafted to planar surfaces or spherical nanoparticles, the applied thermoresponsive polyglycerol coatings render the respective surfaces switchable. Protein adsorption experiments on copolymer coated planar surfaces with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy reveal the ability of the tested thermoresponsive coatings to be switched between highly protein resistant and adsorptive states. Cell culture experiments demonstrate that these thermoresponsive coatings allow for adhesion and proliferation of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts comparable to TCPS and faster than on PNIPAM substrates. Temperature triggered detachment of complete cell sheets from copolymer coated substrates was accomplished within minutes while maintaining high viability of the harvested cells. Thus such glycerol based copolymers present a promising alternative to PNIPAM as a thermoresponsive coating of cell culture substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Becherer
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Silke Heinen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Qiang Wei
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rainer Haag
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Gandhi A, Paul A, Sen SO, Sen KK. Studies on thermoresponsive polymers: Phase behaviour, drug delivery and biomedical applications. Asian J Pharm Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Chen D, Hyldahl RD, Hayward RC. Creased hydrogels as active platforms for mechanical deformation of cultured cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1160-7. [PMID: 25563808 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01296h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cells cultured in vitro using traditional substrates often change their behavior due to the lack of mechanical deformation they would naturally experience in vivo. To mimic the in vivo mechanical environment, we design temperature-responsive hydrogels with patterned surface creases as dynamic cell stretching devices. A one-step photolithographic method is first employed to pattern integrin-binding peptides on the gel, causing single cells or several-cell clusters to adhere to the surface in registry with creases. A variety of crease patterns are prescribed on a single substrate, enabling the mechanical deformation of cultured myoblast cells with different strain states and achieving tensile strain as high as 0.2. As creases provide large amplitude local deformation of the gel surface without the need for macroscopic deformation, can be formed on gels covering a wide range of modulus, and can be actuated using a variety of stimuli, they hold the potential to enable the design of high throughput and versatile platforms for mechano-biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Tang Z, Okano T. Recent development of temperature-responsive surfaces and their application for cell sheet engineering. Regen Biomater 2014; 1:91-102. [PMID: 26816628 PMCID: PMC4669004 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbu011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell sheet engineering, which fabricates sheet-like tissues without biodegradable scaffolds, has been proposed as a novel approach for tissue engineering. Cells have been cultured and proliferate to confluence on a temperature-responsive cell culture surface at 37°C. By decreasing temperature to 20°C, an intact cell sheet can be harvested from the culture surface without enzymatic treatment. This new approach enables cells to keep their cell–cell junction, cell surface proteins and extracellular matrix. Therefore, recovered cell sheet can be easily not only transplanted to host tissue, but also constructed a three-dimensional (3D) tissue by layering cell sheets. Moreover, cell sheet manipulation technology and bioreactor have been combined with the cell sheet technology to fabricate a complex and functional 3D tissue in vitro. So far, cell sheet technology has been applied in regenerative medicine for several tissues, and a number of clinical studies have been performed. In this review, recent advances in the preparation of temperature-responsive cell culture surface, the fabrication of organ-like tissue and the clinical application of cell sheet engineering are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglan Tang
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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Pena-Francesch A, Montero L, Borrós S. Tailoring the LCST of thermosensitive hydrogel thin films deposited by iCVD. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:7162-7167. [PMID: 24874567 DOI: 10.1021/la5003594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using the iCVD (initiated chemical vapor deposition) polymerization technique, we generated a library of thermosensitive thin film hydrogels in the physiological temperature range. The library shows how a specific hydrogel with a desired temperature response can be synthesized via the copolymerization of three main components: (a) the main thermosensitive monomer, which determines the temperature range of the LCST; (b) the comonomer, which modulates the temperature according to its hydrophilic/hydrophobic behavior; and (c) the cross-linker, which determines the swelling degree and the polymer chain mobility of the resulting hydrogel. The thermosensitive thin films included in the library have been characterized by the water contact angle (WCA), revealing a switchable hydrophobic/hydrophilic behavior depending on the temperature and a decrease in the WCA with the incorporation of hydrophilic moieties. Moreover, a more accurate characterization by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is performed. With temperature and flow control, the switchable swelling properties of the thermosensitive thin films (due to the polymer mixture transition) can be recorded and analyzed in order to study the effects of the comonomer moieties on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Thus, the LCST tailoring method has been successfully used in this paper, and thermoresponsive thin films (50 nm in thickness) have been deposited by iCVD, exhibiting LCSTs in the 32-49 °C range. Due to the presented method's ability to tailor the LCST in the physiological temperature range, the developed thermoresponsive films present potential biosensing and drug delivery applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdon Pena-Francesch
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull , Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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Tang Z, Akiyama Y, Okano T. Recent development of temperature-responsive cell culture surface using poly(N
-isopropylacrylamide). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglan Tang
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science; TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University; 8-1 Kawada-cho Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8666 Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Akiyama
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science; TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University; 8-1 Kawada-cho Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8666 Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science; TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University; 8-1 Kawada-cho Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8666 Japan
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Hui EE, Li C, Agrawal A, Bhatia SN. A Macro-to-Micro Interface for the Control of Cellular Organization. JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS : A JOINT IEEE AND ASME PUBLICATION ON MICROSTRUCTURES, MICROACTUATORS, MICROSENSORS, AND MICROSYSTEMS 2014; 23:391-397. [PMID: 26167106 PMCID: PMC4495972 DOI: 10.1109/jmems.2013.2278813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The spatial organization of cellular communities plays a fundamental role in determining intercellular communication and emergent behavior. However, few tools exist to modulate tissue organization at the scale of individual cells, particularly in the case of dynamic manipulation. Micromechanical reconfigurable culture achieves dynamic control of tissue organization by culturing adherent cells on microfabricated plates that can be shifted to reorganize the arrangement of the cells. While biological studies utilizing this approach have been previously reported, this paper focuses on the engineering of the device, including the mechanism for translating manual manipulation to precise microscale position control, fault-tolerant design for manufacture, and the synthetic-to-living interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot E Hui
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. He is now with the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA (phone: 949-824-8723; fax: 949-824-1727; )
| | - Chun Li
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ( )
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ( )
| | - Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ( )
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Mishra V, Jung SH, Jeong HM, Lee HI. Thermoresponsive ureido-derivatized polymers: the effect of quaternization on UCST properties. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01648j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kumashiro Y, Fukumori K, Takahashi H, Nakayama M, Akiyama Y, Yamato M, Okano T. Modulation of cell adhesion and detachment on thermo-responsive polymeric surfaces through the observation of surface dynamics. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 106:198-207. [PMID: 23434713 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Various thermo-responsive polymeric surfaces were evaluated in terms of cell adhesion/detachment and surface analysis. Three kinds of thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) surfaces were prepared by an electron beam irradiation (PIPAAm-EB), a reversible addition fragmentation polymerization (PIPAAm-RAFT), and a redox polymerization (PIPAAm-Redox). Although cell adhesion and detachment on surfaces of PIPAAm-EB and PIPAAm-RAFT were able to be modulated by altering their surface characters with changing the amounts of polymers, the adhesion and detachment were hardly controlled on PIPAAm-Redox surfaces, even though the amounts of polymers on the surface were able to be modulated. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) probed the interactions between AFM tip and the polymeric surface for further investigating a different conformation of polymeric surface. The modification of AFM tip surface coated with octadecyltrichlorosilane was found to change the interaction between the thermo-responsive surface and the tip. Adhesion force analysis clearly showed changes in the hydrophilic/hydrophobic characters of three kinds of thermo-responsive surfaces immediately after a change in temperature. From the kinetics study of AFM, PIPAAm-EB and PIPAAm-RAFT surfaces became hydrophilic less than 30 min after temperature decrease, but PIPAAm-Redox surfaces required 120 min to become hydrophilic after temperature reduction. These results indicated that a faster conformational change triggered cell detachment and a slow conformation change hardly affected cell detachment. Therefore, polymeric conformation on solid substrate was an important factor for modulating cell adhesion and detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Kumashiro
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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Underhill GH, Peter G, Chen CS, Bhatia SN. Bioengineering Methods for Analysis of Cells In Vitro. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2012; 28:385-410. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101011-155709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Galie Peter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Christopher S. Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Sangeeta N. Bhatia
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology,
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139;
- Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Wang F, He H, Wang X, Li Z, Gallego-Perez D, Guan J, Lee LJ. Micropatterned thermoresponsive surfaces by polymerization of monomer crystals: modulating cellular morphology and cell-substrate interactions. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9439-45. [PMID: 23025496 DOI: 10.1021/ac302267z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel and facile approach has been developed to create thermoresponsive surfaces with macroscale patterns together with microscale features. The surface patterns were formed by applying macroscale nucleation agent patterns onto saturated N-isopropylacrylamide monomer solution membranes to induce the divergent growth of needlelike monomer crystals; the patterned monomer crystals were then photopolymerized to form patterned thermoresponsive films. A series of analytical tools (i.e., scanning electron microscopy, profilometry, and contact angle measurement) were used to characterize the properties of the patterned films. Cell coculture on this patterned thermoresponsive films enables cell separation and sorting by modulating temperature- and topography-dependent cell-substrate interactions and cell morphology, respectively. This versatile technique allows the formation of various macroscale patterns with microscale features over large areas, and on most solid substrates, within minutes, all of this without the need for expensive equipment and facilities. Such patterned surfaces can act as both in vitro tumor models and separation platforms for cancer studies. This method can also be applied to other cell-based biological studies and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United States
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Felton EJ, Copeland CR, Chen CS, Reich DH. Heterotypic cell pair co-culturing on patterned microarrays. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3117-26. [PMID: 22739471 PMCID: PMC3444241 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40349h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a pair-wise co-culturing technique that creates large numbers of heterotypic cell pairs in patterned arrays. Lithographic patterning produces arrays with thousands of traps, each designed to accommodate only two cells and confine them at these sites for co-culturing. Two variants are introduced: a random seeding method that sediments a mixture of two cell types onto the array, and an approach that incorporates ferromagnetic thin films into the arrays and attracts cells that have been attached to ferromagnetic nanowires to the array sites through dipole interactions. The array technique includes the utilization of custom image analysis software that extracts data from multi-channel fluorescence images and records information about the cells in every trap, enabling the acquisition of accurate, high-statistics data. The applicability of the technique was demonstrated in experiments examining proliferation rates in pairs of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Results demonstrated that heterotypic interactions favored smooth muscle cell proliferation while disfavoring endothelial cell proliferation. This is one example of a variety of cell-cell interactions that could be probed with this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Felton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Regulation of protein loading on poly(trimethylene carbonate), poly(l-lactic acid), and their copolymer: Effect of surface enrichment by polymer crystallinity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhou Y, Pang Y, Huang Y. Openly Accessible Microfluidic Liquid Handlers for Automated High-Throughput Nanoliter Cell Culture. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2576-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ac203469v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- College of
Engineering, and Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuhong Pang
- College of
Engineering, and Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- College of
Engineering, and Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Abstract
There is an increasing demand on the development of "smart" switchable interfaces since controlling surface topography and chemical functionality on a nanometer scale is crucial for numerous biomedical applications. Those surfaces, which are based on stimuli responsive polymers (SRPs), are able to modify their interactions with cells, biomolecules responding to different physical (e.g., temperature) or chemical (e.g., pH) stimuli. Such behavior may partially mimic complex dynamic properties of natural systems that are regulated by many biological stimuli. This paper reviews major studies and applications of SRPs as biointerfaces in a form of thin polymeric films (gels) and surface tethered polymers (brushes).
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Zhang C, Vernier PT, Wu YH, Yang W. Surface chemical immobilization of parylene C with thermosensitive block copolymer brushes based on N-isopropylacrylamide and N-tert-butylacrylamide: Synthesis, characterization, and cell adhesion/detachment. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 100:217-29. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Spridon D, Curecheriu L, Dobromir M, Dumitrascu N. Synthesis of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) under atmospheric pressure plasma conditions. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dey S, Kellam B, Alexander MR, Alexander C, Rose FRAJ. Enzyme-passage free culture of mouse embryonic stem cells on thermo-responsive polymer surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm03993d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ma D, Chen H, Li Z, He Q. Thermomodulated cell culture∕harvest in polydimethylsiloxane microchannels with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted surface. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2010; 4:44107. [PMID: 21151579 PMCID: PMC3000856 DOI: 10.1063/1.3516038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell culture and harvest are the most upstream operation for a completely integrated cell assay chip. In our previous work, thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) was successfully grafted onto polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface via benzophenone-initiated photopolymerization. In the present work, the PNIPAAm-grafted-PDMS (PNIPAAm-g-PDMS) surface was explored for thermomodulated cell culture and noninvasive harvest in microfluidic channels. Using COS 7 fibroblast from African green monkey kidney as the model cells, the thermomodulated adhering and detaching behaviors of the cells on the PNIPAAm-g-PDMS surfaces were optimized with respect to PNIPAAm-grafting yields and gelatin modification. The viability of the cells cultured on and harvested from the PNIPAAm-g-PDMS surface with the thermomodulated noninvasive protocol was estimated against the traditional cell culture∕harvest method involving trypsin digestion. The configuration of the microchannel on the PNIPAAm-g-PDMS chip was evaluated for static cell culture. Using a pipette-shaped PNIPAAm-g-PDMS microchannel, long-term cell culture could be achieved at 37 °C with periodic change of the culture medium every 12 h. After moving the microchip from the incubator set at 37 °C to the room temperature, the proliferated cells could be spontaneously detached from the PNIPAAm-g-PDMS surface of the upstream chamber and transferred by a gentle fluid flow to the downstream chamber, wherein the transferred cells could be subcultured. The thermomodulated cell culture, harvest, and passage operations on the PNIPAAm-g-PDMS microfluidic channels were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The Institute of Micro-analytical Systems, Zhejiang University, Zijin'gang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
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35
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Yang L, Pan F, Zhao X, Yaseen M, Padia F, Coffey P, Freund A, Yang L, Liu T, Ma X, Lu JR. Thermoresponsive copolymer nanofilms for controlling cell adhesion, growth, and detachment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:17304-17314. [PMID: 20964301 DOI: 10.1021/la102411u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the development and use of a novel thermoresponsive polymeric nanofilm for controlling cell adhesion and growth at 37 °C, and then cell detachment for cell recovery by subsequent temperature drop to the ambient temperature, without enzymatic cleavage or mechanical scraping. A copolymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxypropyl methacrylate-co-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate) (abbreviated PNIPAAm copolymer), was synthesized by free radical polymerization. The thermoresponses of the copolymer in aqueous solution were demonstrated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) through detecting the sensitive changes of copolymer aggregation against temperature. The DLS measurements revealed the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at approximately 30 °C. The PNIPAAm film stability and robustness was provided through silyl cross-linking within the film and with the hydroxyl groups on the substrate surface. Film thickness, stability, and reversibility with respect to temperature switches were examined by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle measurements. The results confirmed the high extent of thermosensitivity and structural restoration based on the alterations of film thickness and surface wettability. The effective control of adhesion, growth, and detachment of HeLa and HEK293 cells demonstrated the physical controllability and cellular compatibility of the copolymer nanofilms. These PNIPAAm copolymer nanofilms could open up a convenient interfacial mediation for cell film production and cell expansion by nonenzymatic and nonmechanical cell recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Cooperstein MA, Canavan HE. Biological cell detachment from poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) and its applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:7695-707. [PMID: 20496955 DOI: 10.1021/la902587p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (pNIPAM) has become widely used for bioengineering applications. In particular, pNIPAM substrates have been used for the nondestructive release of biological cells and proteins. In this feature article, we review the applications for which pNIPAM substrates have been used to release biological cells, including for the study of the extracellular matrix (ECM), for cell sheet engineering and tissue transplantation, the formation of tumorlike spheroids, the study of bioadhesion and bioadsorption, and the manipulation or deformation of individual cells. The articles reviewed include submissions from our own group as well as from those performing research in the field worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Cooperstein
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Fukumori K, Akiyama Y, Kumashiro Y, Kobayashi J, Yamato M, Sakai K, Okano T. Characterization of Ultra-Thin Temperature-Responsive Polymer Layer and Its Polymer Thickness Dependency on Cell Attachment/Detachment Properties. Macromol Biosci 2010; 10:1117-29. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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38
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Capek I. On inverse miniemulsion polymerization of conventional water-soluble monomers. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 156:35-61. [PMID: 20199767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inverse monomer miniemulsions can be generated by sonification of the polar monomer, water, stabilizer and costabilizer in organic solvents as the unpolar continuous phase. The inverse miniemulsion obtains its stability by using a combination of effective surfactant and osmotic pressure agent, so called lypophobe, which is practically insoluble in the continuous phase and prevents the minidroplets from Ostwald ripening. Inverse miniemulsions are typically sterically stabilized with a nonionic surfactant blend so as to provide a relatively condensed interface. The monomer droplet nucleation proceeds under an uncomplete coverage of the monomer and polymer particles with surfactant. Inverse monomer miniemulsions can be easily polymerized to latexes by using water and oil-soluble initiators. The rate of inverse miniemulsion polymerization of water-soluble monomers increased with increasing both initiator and emulsifier concentrations. The inverse polymerization is very fast and the high conversion is reached during a few minutes. The dependence of the polymerization rate vs. conversion can be described by a curve with the two rate intervals. The abrupt increase in the polymerization rate can be attributed to the increased number of reaction loci and the gel effect. The partitioning of unsaturated monomers between the aqueous and continuous phases favours the contribution of homogeneous nucleation. The desorption of monomeric radicals from the small polymer particles favours the polymerization in the continuous phase. The miniemulsion polymerization and copolymerization is ideal process for the preparation of composite nanoparticles with different structures. This procedure can be used to develop novel thermally responsive polymer microspheres, for example, based on N-isopropylacrylamide monomer. The composite magnetic nanoparticles are prepared by polymerization of both water-soluble and oil-soluble monomers in the presence of water- and oil-soluble iron oxide nanoparticles. The inverse miniemulsion copolymerization of acrylic acid and sodium acrylate in the presence of inorganic nanoparticles and substances produces poly(acrylic acid-co-sodium acrylate)/inorganic phase composite nanoparticles. The presence of hydrophobic monomer in the miniemulsion system favours the formation of hollow nanoparticles. The composite latex particles owned better thermal stability and higher colloidal stability than pure latex particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignác Capek
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Polymer Institute, Dúbravská cesta, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Cheng X, Yegan Erdem E, Takeuchi S, Fujita H, Ratner BD, Böhringer KF. Infrared light induced patterning of proteins on ppNIPAM thermoresponsive thin films: a "protein laser printer". LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:1079-1085. [PMID: 20358117 DOI: 10.1039/b920883f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein micropatterns have applications in fundamental life sciences and clinical medicine. In this work, we present a new technique to create 2-D protein micropatterns by local activation of a thin film of thermoresponsive plasma-deposited poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (ppNIPAM) using a computer-controlled infrared laser beam. While the whole substrate is exposed to the protein solution, protein deposition happens only at laser-activated locations. A few seconds of laser exposure is all that is required to form a pattern with resolution in the single micrometre range. Successful ligand binding after protein deposition indicates that protein function remains intact after laser-induced adsorption onto ppNIPAM. This rapid, simple technique advances currently available strategies for protein patterning by its potential to pattern proteins in an enclosed environment or onto a 3-D scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhong Cheng
- Materials Science and Engineering, Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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Cell culture on MEMS platforms: a review. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:5411-5441. [PMID: 20054478 PMCID: PMC2802002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10125411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfabricated systems provide an excellent platform for the culture of cells, and are an extremely useful tool for the investigation of cellular responses to various stimuli. Advantages offered over traditional methods include cost-effectiveness, controllability, low volume, high resolution, and sensitivity. Both biocompatible and bio-incompatible materials have been developed for use in these applications. Biocompatible materials such as PMMA or PLGA can be used directly for cell culture. However, for bio-incompatible materials such as silicon or PDMS, additional steps need to be taken to render these materials more suitable for cell adhesion and maintenance. This review describes multiple surface modification strategies to improve the biocompatibility of MEMS materials. Basic concepts of cell-biomaterial interactions, such as protein adsorption and cell adhesion are covered. Finally, the applications of these MEMS materials in Tissue Engineering are presented.
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Proliferation and multi-differentiation potentials of human mesenchymal stem cells on thermoresponsive PDMS surfaces grafted with PNIPAAm. Biosci Rep 2009; 30:149-58. [PMID: 19445653 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20090026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermo-responsivity of PNIPAAm [poly(N-isopropylcarylamide)]-grafted PDMS [poly(dimethylsiloxane)] surface is a property that could be feasibly used for detaching cells adhered on the surface. We used benzophenone-initiated photopolymerization to graft PNIPAAm on PDMS substrates to construct the PNIPAAm-grafted PDMS surface and this PDMS surface was highly thermo-responsive. hMSCs (human mesenchymal stem cells) were used to analyse the proliferation and multi-differentiation of stem cells on the PNIPAAm-grafted PDMS surface. The results showed that hMSCs could adhere on the PNIPAAm-grafted PDMS surface at 37 degrees C and form cell colonies, and then become fibroblastic. The proliferation potential of hMSCs on the PNIPAAm-grafted PDMS surface was not significantly different from that on a plate surface coated with gelatin. However, as it proved easier to detach cells from the surface, by changing temperature, a higher viability of detached cells could be obtained with the PNIPAAm-grafted PDMS surface, using a temperature shift, compared with a gelatin-coated surface, where cells are detached by treatment with trypsin. hMSCs on the PNIPAAm-grafted PDMS surface were induced into osteoblasts, adipocytes and neurocytes under osteogenic medium, adipogenic medium and neurogenic medium respectively. The PNIPAAm-grafted PDMS surface was favourable for osteogenesis of hMSCs, although the potentials of adipogenesis and neurogenesis of hMSCs on the PNIPAAm-grafted PDMS surface were similar to those on the plate surface coated with gelatin. The above results demonstrate that the PNIPAAm-grafted PDMS surface not only kept the potentials of proliferation and multi-differentiation of hMSCs, but also increased the viability of hMSCs.
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Conjunctival impression cytology by using a thermosensitive adhesive: polymerized N-isopropyl acrylamide. Cornea 2009; 28:770-3. [PMID: 19574910 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e318196706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate a new technique using a thermosensitive glue coating for impression cytology of the ocular surface. METHODS We prepared plasma polymerized N-isopropyl acrylamide (pNIPAM)-coated parylene C (poly(monochloro-p-xylylene)) films to obtain cytological samples from the conjunctival surface. We compared this new technique with the conventional nitrocellulose paper method in regards to the quality of impression cytology and quantity of the cells in 30 postmenauposal women with dry eye complaints. RESULTS The cellular material was adequate for evaluation in 28 (93%) of 30 eyes in pNIPAM-coated parylene group and in 18 (60%) of 30 eyes in the nitrocellulose group (P = 0.0002). pNIPAM-coated parylene technique was superior to the nitrocellulose technique regarding the mean number of cells per microscopic field (P = 0.00003), integrity of the cells (P = 0.00001), and cellular preservation (P = 0.0002). CONCLUSION The number of cells and the quality scores were significantly higher in the pNIPAM-coated impression cytology technique than the nitrocellulose method.
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43
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Spatiotemporal sub-cellular biopatterning using an AFM-assisted electrochemical system. Electrochem commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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44
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Goubko CA, Cao X. Patterning multiple cell types in co-cultures: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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45
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A novel technique for positioning multiple cell types by liquid handling. Biointerphases 2009; 4:13-8. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3122025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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47
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Ma D, Chen H, Shi D, Li Z, Wang J. Preparation and characterization of thermo-responsive PDMS surfaces grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) by benzophenone-initiated photopolymerization. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 332:85-90. [PMID: 19168188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2008] [Revised: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the preparation of a thermo-responsive, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)-grafted polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface by means of benzophenone-initiated photopolymerization, we observed that thick (>1 mm) PDMS substrates were much more difficult to be grafted with PNIPAAm than thin ones. Investigations revealed that the shortage of diffused benzophenone molecules in the surface region of the thick substrate might be the reason. By prolonging the time spent for treating the substrate with a benzophenone solution, PNIPAAm could be successfully grafted onto thick PDMS substrates. The PNIPAAm-grafted PDMS surface was highly thermo-responsive. The contact angle on a grafted surface increased from 38 to 91 degrees in response to the temperature increase from 20 to 38 degrees C. An electroosmotic flow (EOF) mobility of 5x10(-4) cm(2)/Vs was supported by a PNIPAAm-grafted PDMS channel at 50 degrees C, whereas negligible EOF was observed at 20 degrees C. Doxorubicin (DX), an anticancer drug, was adsorbed by the grafted surface at 40 degrees C, and the majority of the adsorbed DX was quickly released from the surface to a stripping solution at 5 degrees C. Osteoblast cells adhered onto the PNIPAAm-grafted PDMS surface and proliferated therein at 37 degrees C, while the cell sheet detached from the surface by lowering the temperature to 25 degrees C without using any enzymatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- The Institute of Micro-analytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zijin'gang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Huang HC, Koria P, Parker SM, Selby L, Megeed Z, Rege K. Optically responsive gold nanorod-polypeptide assemblies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:14139-44. [PMID: 19360961 PMCID: PMC2888953 DOI: 10.1021/la802842k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally responsive nanoassemblies based on polypeptides and nanoparticles can have a number of promising biological/biomedical applications. We report the generation of gold nanorod (GNR)-elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) nanoassemblies whose optical response can be manipulated based on exposure to near-infrared (NIR) light. Cysteine-containing ELPs were self-assembled on GNRs mediated by gold-thiol bonds, leading to the generation of GNR-ELP nanoassemblies. Exposure of GNR-ELP assemblies to NIR light resulted in the heating of GNRs due to surface plasmon resonance. Heat transfer from the GNRs resulted in an increase in temperature of the self-assembled ELP above its transition temperature (Tt), which led to a phase transition and aggregation of the GNR-ELP assemblies. This phase transition was detected using an optical readout (increase in optical density); no change in optical behavior was observed in the case of either ELP alone or GNR alone. The optical response was reproducibele and reversible across a number of cycles following exposure to or removal of the laser excitation. Our results indicate that polypeptides may be interfaced with GNRs resulting in optically responsive nanoasssemblies for sensing and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Chiao Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6006
| | - Piyush Koria
- The Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Sarah M. Parker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6006
| | - Luke Selby
- The Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Zaki Megeed
- The Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Kaushal Rege
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6006
- Kaushal Rege Department of Chemical Engineering ECG 202 Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287-6006
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Sincic RS, Chang-Yen DA, Eddings M, Barrows LR, Gale BK. Parallel determination of phenotypic cytotoxicity with a micropattern of mutant cell lines. Biomed Microdevices 2008; 11:443-52. [PMID: 19067175 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-008-9250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a novel tool, the Continuous Flow Microspotter (CFM) and its use in patterning cellular microarrays of multiple cell types into the bottom of a tissue culture well. The CFM uses a system of isolated microfluidic channels to make an array of localized microspots of adhesion dependent cells in the bottom of a conventional tissue culture well. With this device we have created micropatterns of multiple cell lines in a single tissue culture well and used this system to conduct simultaneous cytotoxicity tests and recover dose survival curves in a parallel study. This mechanism of parallel testing allows the researcher to employ the use of positive and negative controls, as well as compare the chemical response of phenotypes in a tightly controlled microenvironment. For the experiments presented in this paper we have fabricated a CFM with a set of ten microchannels (five inlet channels and five outlet channels) to pattern a row of five microspots consisting of four cellular microspots and one empty spot for background measurements. Micropatterns containing a set of four different Chinese hamster ovarian cell (CHO) mutant phenotypes were deposited into the bottom of commercially available tissue culture wells then interrogated with mitomycin C, a chemotherapeutic agent. This study shows statistically significant (P < 0.05) hypersensitivity of the UV20 CHO mutant to a DNA interstrand cross-linking agent (mitomycin C). Because the CFM is also capable of depositing proteins and other biomolecules to the individual microspots of the array we foresee capabilities of the 48 microspot CFM to multiplex 48 cell types with 48 chemical reagents all within the confines of a 60 mm(2) area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Sincic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 50 S. Central Campus Dr., Rm. 2480 MEB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-9202, USA.
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Kurokawa S, Kikuchi T, Sakairi M, Takahashi H. Fabrication of micro-dot arrays and micro-walls of acrylic acid/melamine resin on aluminum by AFM probe processing and electrophoretic coating. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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