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Hoque ME, Showva NN, Ahmed M, Rashid AB, Sadique SE, El-Bialy T, Xu H. Titanium and titanium alloys in dentistry: current trends, recent developments, and future prospects. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11300. [PMID: 36387463 PMCID: PMC9640965 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many implant materials have been used in various dental applications depending on their efficacy and availability. A dental implant must possess the required characteristics, such as biocompatibility, corrosion & wear resistance, adequate mechanical properties, osseointegration, etc., to ensure its safe and optimum use. This review analyzes various aspects of titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys, including properties, manufacturing processes, surface modifications, applications as dental implants, and limitations. In addition, it also presents a perception of recent advances in Ti-based implant materials and the futuristic development of innovative dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Enamul Hoque
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmir-Nur Showva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mansura Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Adib Bin Rashid
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sarder Elius Sadique
- College of Information Technology and Engineering, Marshall University, West Virginia, USA
| | - Tarek El-Bialy
- Department of Dentistry & Dental Hygiene, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Huaizhong Xu
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology (KIT), Sakyoku, Kyoto City, Japan
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2
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Innovative Coatings of Metallic Alloys Used as Bioactive Surfaces in Implantology: A Review. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11060649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metallic implants are widely used in the field of implantology, but there are still problems leading to implant failures due to weak osseointegration, low mechanical strength for the implant, inadequate antibacterial properties, and low patient satisfaction. Implant failure can be caused by bacterial infections and poor osteointegration. To improve the implant functionalization, many researchers focus on surface modifications to prepare the proper physical and chemical conditions able to increase biocompatibility and osteointegration between implant and bone. Improving the antibacterial performance is also a key factor to avoid the inflammation in the human body. This paper is a brief review for the types of coatings used to increase osseointegration and biocompatibility for the successful use of metal alloys in the field of implantology.
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Oikawa M, Masumoto H, Shiraishi N, Orii Y, Anada T, Suzuki O, Sasaki K. Effect of surface modification of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by electron cyclotron resonance plasma oxidation. Dent Mater J 2020; 40:228-234. [PMID: 33055434 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ti-6Al-4V alloy is used as biomaterials for dental and orthopedic implants because of their excellent biocompatibilities and mechanical properties. However, it is unclear that electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma oxidation can create the oxide films on Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface, and this technique improves the ability of its osseointegration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and calcification ability of the oxide films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks of rutile phase were intensified with increasing the temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed a crater-like structure, and bonding strengths between the substrate and oxide film reached a maximum at 400°C. Calcium phosphate (CaP) compounds after calcification process were identified as octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and precipitation amount was maximized at 400°C. The results suggested that the altered surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by ECR plasma oxidation might have the potential of accelerating the ability of its osseointegration through enhancement of OCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Oikawa
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | | | - Naru Shiraishi
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yusuke Orii
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Takahisa Anada
- Institue for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Wu B, Sant G. A Nitrogen- and Self-Doped Titania Coating Enables the On-Demand Release of Free Radical Species. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18567-18573. [PMID: 31737815 PMCID: PMC6854566 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For potential applications such as suppressing the onset of peri-implant infections, a doped titania coating was developed to induce free radical release because of its ability for microbial elimination. The coatability of the sol-gel precursor is robust since the suspension's rheology can be modified to attain uniform and complete surface coverage. The coating is composed of a mixture of anatase and rutile polymorphs doped with nitrogen (N3-), and it contains substoichiometric Ti2+ and Ti3+ species. Nitrogen doping results in a 0.4 eV band gap shift, while the defects induce photocurrent generation under visible light excitation up to 650 nm. Greater currents were observed in the nitrogen-doped titania at wavelengths above 450 nm vis-à-vis its (singularly) self-doped counterparts. The (photo)electrochemical behavior and photoactivity of the coating were evaluated by assessing redox species formation in a background aqueous solution. In the absence of any illumination, the coating behaved as an insulator and inhibited the activities of both oxidative and reductive species. On the other hand, under illumination, the coating enhances oxidation processes and inhibits reduction reactions within a near-field region wherein release of free radicals occurs and is constrained (delimited).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Laboratory
for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC), Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Departments of Bioengineering,
Advanced Prosthodontics, and Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, California Nanosystems Institute (CNSI), Weintraub Center for Reconstructive
Biotechnology, and Institute for Carbon Management (ICM), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Laboratory
for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC), Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Departments of Bioengineering,
Advanced Prosthodontics, and Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, California Nanosystems Institute (CNSI), Weintraub Center for Reconstructive
Biotechnology, and Institute for Carbon Management (ICM), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Laboratory
for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC), Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Departments of Bioengineering,
Advanced Prosthodontics, and Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, California Nanosystems Institute (CNSI), Weintraub Center for Reconstructive
Biotechnology, and Institute for Carbon Management (ICM), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Gaurav Sant
- Laboratory
for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC), Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Departments of Bioengineering,
Advanced Prosthodontics, and Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, California Nanosystems Institute (CNSI), Weintraub Center for Reconstructive
Biotechnology, and Institute for Carbon Management (ICM), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Iwatsu M, Kanetaka H, Mokudai T, Ogawa T, Kawashita M, Sasaki K. Visible light‐induced photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of N‐doped TiO
2. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:451-459. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Misato Iwatsu
- Graduate School of DentistryTohoku University Sendai Japan
| | | | | | - Toru Ogawa
- Graduate School of DentistryTohoku University Sendai Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Graduate School of DentistryTohoku University Sendai Japan
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Eliaz N, Metoki N. Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics: A Review of Their History, Structure, Properties, Coating Technologies and Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E334. [PMID: 28772697 PMCID: PMC5506916 DOI: 10.3390/ma10040334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics are widely used in the field of bone regeneration, both in orthopedics and in dentistry, due to their good biocompatibility, osseointegration and osteoconduction. The aim of this article is to review the history, structure, properties and clinical applications of these materials, whether they are in the form of bone cements, paste, scaffolds, or coatings. Major analytical techniques for characterization of CaPs, in vitro and in vivo tests, and the requirements of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and international standards from CaP coatings on orthopedic and dental endosseous implants, are also summarized, along with the possible effect of sterilization on these materials. CaP coating technologies are summarized, with a focus on electrochemical processes. Theories on the formation of transient precursor phases in biomineralization, the dissolution and reprecipitation as bone of CaPs are discussed. A wide variety of CaPs are presented, from the individual phases to nano-CaP, biphasic and triphasic CaP formulations, composite CaP coatings and cements, functionally graded materials (FGMs), and antibacterial CaPs. We conclude by foreseeing the future of CaPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Eliaz
- Biomaterials and Corrosion Lab, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Noah Metoki
- Biomaterials and Corrosion Lab, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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Construction of surface HA/TiO2 coating on porous titanium scaffolds and its preliminary biological evaluation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:1047-1056. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abdelrahim RA, Badr NA, Baroudi K. Effect of anodization and alkali-heat treatment on the bioactivity of titanium implant material (an in vitro study). J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2016; 6:189-95. [PMID: 27382532 PMCID: PMC4916790 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.183107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to assess the effect of anodized and alkali-heat surface treatment on the bioactivity of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) after immersion in Hank's solution for 7 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen titanium alloy samples were used in this study. The samples were divided into three groups (five for each), five samples were anodized in 1M H3PO4 at constant voltage value of 20 v and another five samples were alkali-treated in 5 M NaOH solution for 25 min at temperature 60°C followed by heat treatment at 600°C for 1 h. All samples were then immersed in Hank's solution for 7 days to assess the effect of surface modifications on the bioactivity of titanium alloy. The different treated surfaces and control one were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transformation infra-red spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was performed with PASW Statistics 18.0(®) (Predictive Analytics Software). RESULTS Anodization of Ti-alloy samples (Group B) led to the formation of bioactive titanium oxide anatase phase and PO4 (3-) group on the surface. The alkali-heat treatment of titanium alloy samples (Group C) leads to the formation of bioactive titania hydrogel and supplied sodium ions. The reaction between the Ti sample and NaOH alkaline solution resulted in the formation of a layer of amorphous sodium titania on the Ti surface, and this layer can induce apatite deposition. CONCLUSIONS The surface roughness and surface chemistry had an excellent ability to induce bioactivity of titanium alloy. The anodization in H3PO4 produced anatase titanium oxide on the surface with phosphate originated from electrolytes changed the surface topography and allowed formation of calcium-phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy A. Abdelrahim
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Egypt, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Alfarabi Colleges, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia A. Badr
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Kusai Baroudi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Alfarabi Colleges, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Liang J, Song R, Huang Q, Yang Y, Lin L, Zhang Y, Jiang P, Duan H, Dong X, Lin C. Electrochemical construction of a bio-inspired micro/nano-textured structure with cell-sized microhole arrays on biomedical titanium to enhance bioactivity. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Zadpoor AA. Relationship between in vitro apatite-forming ability measured using simulated body fluid and in vivo bioactivity of biomaterials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 35:134-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Hayakawa S, Masuda Y, Okamoto K, Shirosaki Y, Kato K, Osaka A. Liquid phase deposited titania coating to enable in vitro apatite formation on Ti6Al4V alloy. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:375-381. [PMID: 24165799 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A recently developed "GRAPE(®) technology" provides titanium or titanium alloy implants with spontaneous apatite-forming ability in vitro, which requires properly designed gaps and optimum heat treatment in air. In this study, titanium alloy and commercially pure (cp) titanium substrates were thermally oxidized in air before aligning pairs of specimens in the GRAPE(®) set-up, i.e., titanium alloy and cp titanium substrates were aligned parallel to each other with optimum gap width (spatial design). A liquid phase deposition (LPD) technique was employed for titania coatings on titanium alloy substrate. Then, they were soaked in Kokubo's simulated body fluid (SBF, pH 7.4, 36.5 °C) for 7 days to confirm the in vitro apatite formation on the substrates under the specific spatial design. Anatase-type titania coatings fabricated by using LPD technique led to the deposition of apatite particles within 7 days and showed apatite X-ray diffraction. On the other hand, thermally oxidized titanium alloy substrate in air and non-treated specimens did not show any apatite X-ray diffraction. These results indicated that the heterogeneous nucleation of apatite induced on anatase-type titania coating prepared by LPD technique when it was aligned parallel to thermally oxidized cp titanium substrate with optimum gap width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan,
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12
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Jiang P, Lin L, Zhang F, Dong X, Ren L, Lin C. Electrochemical construction of micro–nano spongelike structure on titanium substrate for enhancing corrosion resistance and bioactivity. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.05.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Park H, Choi B, Nguyen J, Fan J, Shafi S, Klokkevold P, Lee M. Anionic carbohydrate-containing chitosan scaffolds for bone regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:587-96. [PMID: 23911489 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds derived from naturally occurring polysaccharides have attracted significant interest in bone tissue engineering due to their excellent biocompatibility and hydrophilic nature favorable for cell attachment. In this study, we developed composite chitosan (CH) scaffolds containing anionic carbohydrate, such as chondroitin 4-sulfate (CS) or alginate (AG), with biomimetic apatite layer on their surfaces, and investigate their capacity to deliver progenitor cells (bone marrow stromal cells, BMSC) and model proteins with net-positive (histone) and net-negative charge (bovine serum albumin, BSA). The incorporation of CS or AG in CH scaffolds increased compressive modulus of the scaffolds and enhanced apatite formation. Initial burst release of histone was significantly higher than that of BSA from CH scaffold, while the addition of CS or AG in the scaffolds significantly reduced the initial burst release of histone, indicating strong electrostatic interaction between histone and negatively charged CS or AG. The apatite layer created on scaffold surfaces significantly reduced the initial burst release of both BSA and histone. Furthermore, apatite-coated scaffolds enhanced spreading, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of BMSC seeded on the scaffolds compared to non-coated scaffolds as assessed by live/dead and alamarBlue assays, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and Picrosirius red staining. This study suggests that apatite-coated CH/CS composite scaffolds have the potential as a promising osteogenic system for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Park
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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14
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Lindahl C, Engqvist H, Xia W. Influence of Surface Treatments on the Bioactivity of Ti. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5402/2013/205601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several techniques have been described to modify the surface of titanium to make it more bioactive. Heat treatment (HT) and sodium hydroxide treatment (NaOH) have been used and can change the crystallinity and surface chemistry of titanium implants. However, no studies have systemically focused on comparing these different methods and their effect on the bioactivity of Ti. Therefore, in this study, Ti substrates were systematically treated using HT, NaOH, and a combination of HT and NaOH. The Ti plates were heat treated at various temperatures, and the plates were subjected to HT followed by soaking in NaOH or first soaked in NaOH and then heat treated. The morphology, crystallinity, hardness, water contact angle, and surface energy of the samples were analyzed as well as the bioactivity after immersion in PBS. Morphology and crystallinity changed with increasing temperature. The difference was most pronounced for the 800°C treated samples. The water contact angle decreased, and the surface energy increased with increasing temperature and was highest for 800°C. The rutile surface showed faster hydroxyapatite formation. NaOH treatment of the HT Ti samples increased the surface energy and improved its bioactivity further. Also, HT of NaOH samples improved the bioactivity compared to only HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Lindahl
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wei Xia
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Jiang L, Lu X, Leng Y, Qu S, Feng B, Weng J, Watari F. Osteoblast behavior on TiO2 microgrooves prepared by soft-lithography and sol–gel methods. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Abstract
This paper presents results of oxidation tests and corrosion investigations of titanium alloy Ti13Nb13Zr performed at different conditions. The oxide layers have been formed by electrochemical method in 2M H3PO4 + 0.3% HF solution for 30 min. and 1 h at 20 V constant voltage. The corrosion tests have been made by potentiodynamic method in Ringer`s solution at pH ranged between 3 and 7. It has been shown that the nanooxide films, which improve corrosion resistance of titanium alloy Ti13Nb13Zr even if acidic environment, have appeared.
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Pattanayak DK, Yamaguchi S, Matsushita T, Kokubo T. Nanostructured positively charged bioactive TiO2 layer formed on Ti metal by NaOH, acid and heat treatments. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:1803-1812. [PMID: 21670996 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanometer-scale roughness was generated on the surface of titanium (Ti) metal by NaOH treatment and remained after subsequent acid treatment with HCl, HNO(3) or H(2)SO(4) solution, as long as the acid concentration was not high. It also remained after heat treatment. Sodium hydrogen titanate produced by NaOH treatment was transformed into hydrogen titanate after subsequent acid treatment as long as the acid concentration was not high. The hydrogen titanate was then transformed into titanium oxide (TiO(2)) of anatase and rutile by heat treatment. Treated Ti metals exhibited high apatite-forming abilities in a simulated body fluid especially when the acid concentration was greater than 10 mM, irrespective of the type of acid solutions used. This high apatite-forming ability was maintained in humid environments for long periods. The high apatite-forming ability was attributed to the positive surface charge that formed on the TiO(2) layer and not to the surface roughness or a specific crystalline phase. This positively charged TiO(2) induced apatite formation by first selectively adsorbing negatively charged phosphate ions followed by positively charged calcium ions. Apatite formation is expected on the surfaces of such treated Ti metals after short periods, even in living systems. The bonding of metal to living bone is also expected to take place through this apatite layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K Pattanayak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan.
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18
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Eliaz N, Ritman-Hertz O, Aronov D, Weinberg E, Shenhar Y, Rosenman G, Weinreb M, Ron E. The effect of surface treatments on the adhesion of electrochemically deposited hydroxyapatite coating to titanium and on its interaction with cells and bacteria. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:1741-1752. [PMID: 21611792 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different mechanical and chemical pre-treatments on the adhesion strength of hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating on a commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) substrate was studied by means of a standard tensile test followed by microscopic and chemical analysis to determine the locus of fracture. In addition, the effects of either these pre-treatments or post-treatment by low-energy electron irradiation, which allowed tuning the wettability of the surface, on both osteoblast progenitor attachment and S. aureus bacteria attachment were investigated. A dedicated program was developed for unambiguous identification and count of stained cells. A single-phase HAp coating was formed by electrodeposition. A series of surface pre-treatments consisted of grinding down to P1000, etching in HNO₃/HF solution, grit blast, soaking in NaOH and subsequent heat treatment provided the highest adhesion strength to the HAp coating. Osteoblast progenitors derived from rats may be attached preferentially to a hydrophilic surface (post-treatment to θ = 30°), while the bacteria seemed to be less attached to hydrophobic surfaces (post-treatment to θ = 105°). However, the results were not statistically different. The bacteria seemed to be less attached to the smoother, uncoated surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Eliaz
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
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19
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Zavgorodniy AV, Borrero-López O, Hoffman M, LeGeros RZ, Rohanizadeh R. Mechanical stability of two-step chemically deposited hydroxyapatite coating on Ti substrate: Effects of various surface pretreatments. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 99:58-69. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Tavangar A, Tan B, Venkatakrishnan K. Synthesis of bio-functionalized three-dimensional titania nanofibrous structures using femtosecond laser ablation. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:2726-32. [PMID: 21354476 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective of current tissue regeneration research is to synthesize nano-based platforms that can induce guided, controlled, and rapid healing. Titanium nanotubes have been extensively considered as a new biomaterial for biosensors, implants, cell growth, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems. However, due to their one-dimensional structure and chemical inertness, cell adhesion to nanotubes is poor. Therefore, further surface modification is required to enhance nanotube-cell interaction. Although there have been a considerable number of studies on growing titanium nanotubes, synthesizing a three-dimensional (3-D) nano-architecture which can act as a growth support platform for bone and stem cells has not been reported so far. Therefore, we present a novel technique to synthesize and grow 3-D titania interwoven nanofibrous structures on a titanium substrate using femtosecond laser irradiation under ambient conditions. This surface architecture incorporate the functions of 3-D nano-scaled topography and modified chemical properties to improve osseointegration while at the same time leaving space to deliver other functional agents. The results indicate that laser pulse repetition can control the density and pore size of engineered nanofibrous structures. In vitro experiments reveal that the titania nanofibrous architecture possesses excellent bioactivity and can induce rapid, uniform, and controllable bone-like apatite precipitation once immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). This approach to synthesizing 3-D titania nanofibrous structures suggests considerable promise for the promotion of Ti interfacial properties to develop new functional biomaterials for various biomedical applications.
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Zavgorodniy AV, Borrero-López O, Hoffman M, Legeros RZ, Rohanizadeh R. Characterization of the chemically deposited hydroxyapatite coating on a titanium substrate. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:1-9. [PMID: 21052792 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on titanium (Ti) implant can be used as a drug delivery device. A controlled release of drug around the implant requires the incorporation of drug into the coating material during the coating process. HA coating was prepared using a two-step procedure in conditions suitable for simultaneous incorporation of the protein-based drug into the coating material. Monetite coating was deposited on Ti substrate in acidic condition followed by the transformation of the monetite coating to HA. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of the monetite phase at the first step of the coating preparation, which was transformed into HA at the second step. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated typical bands of a crystallized carbonated HA with A- and B-type substitution, which was confirmed by the XRD refinement of the structural parameters. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of monetite and HA coatings. Adhesion of the coatings was measured using a scratch tester. The critical shearing stress was found to be 84.20 ± 1.27 MPa for the monetite coating, and 44.40 ± 2.39 MPa for the HA coating.
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Mîndroiu M, Pirvu C, Ion R, Demetrescu I. Comparing performance of nanoarchitectures fabricated by Ti6Al7Nb anodizing in two kinds of electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Park HH, Park IS, Kim KS, Jeon WY, Park BK, Kim HS, Bae TS, Lee MH. Bioactive and electrochemical characterization of TiO2 nanotubes on titanium via anodic oxidation. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Among various dental materials and their successful applications, a dental implant is a good example of the integrated system of science and technology involved in multiple disciplines including surface chemistry and physics, biomechanics, from macro-scale to nano-scale manufacturing technologies and surface engineering. As many other dental materials and devices, there are crucial requirements taken upon on dental implants systems, since surface of dental implants is directly in contact with vital hard/soft tissue and is subjected to chemical as well as mechanical bio-environments. Such requirements should, at least, include biological compatibility, mechanical compatibility, and morphological compatibility to surrounding vital tissues. In this review, based on carefully selected about 500 published articles, these requirements plus MRI compatibility are firstly reviewed, followed by surface texturing methods in details. Normally dental implants are placed to lost tooth/teeth location(s) in adult patients whose skeleton and bony growth have already completed. However, there are some controversial issues for placing dental implants in growing patients. This point has been, in most of dental articles, overlooked. This review, therefore, throws a deliberate sight on this point. Concluding this review, we are proposing a novel implant system that integrates materials science and up-dated surface technology to improve dental implant systems exhibiting bio- and mechano-functionalities.
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Chrzanowski W, Valappil SP, Dunnill CW, Abou Neel EA, Lee K, Parkin IP, Wilson M, Armitage DA, Knowles JC. Impaired bacterial attachment to light activated Ni–Ti alloy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2010; 30:225-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Lu X, Zhang HP, Leng Y, Fang L, Qu S, Feng B, Weng J, Huang N. The effects of hydroxyl groups on Ca adsorption on rutile surfaces: a first-principles study. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:1-10. [PMID: 19639267 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl groups on titanium surfaces have been believed to play an important role in absorbing Ca in solution, which is crucial in the formation of bioactive calcium phosphates both in vitro and in vivo. CASTEP, a first-principles density functional theory (DFT) code, was employed to investigate Ca adsorption on various rutile (110) surfaces in order to clarify how hydroxyl groups effect Ca adsorption. The surfaces modeled in the present study include a bare rutile (110) surface, a hydroxylated rutile (110) surface, an oxidized rutile (110) surface, and a rutile (110) surface bonded with mixed OH groups and water. The results reveal that not all OH groups favors to attract Ca adsorption and loosely bonded OH and water on a rutile surface actually combine with Ca during adsorption. An oxidized rutile surface has the highest ability to attract Ca atoms, which partially explains that alkali-treated Ti surfaces could induce hydroxyapatite formation in alkaline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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27
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Pattanayak DK, Kawai T, Matsushita T, Takadama H, Nakamura T, Kokubo T. Effect of HCl concentrations on apatite-forming ability of NaOH-HCl- and heat-treated titanium metal. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2009; 20:2401-2411. [PMID: 19585225 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) metal was treated with water or HCl solutions after 5 M NaOH solution treatment and then subjected to heat treatment at 600 degrees C. The apatite-forming abilities of the treated Ti metals were examined in simulated body fluid. The apatite-forming ability of the Ti metal subjected to NaOH, water and heat treatment was lower than that of just NaOH and heat treatments. Ti metals subjected to NaOH, HCl and heat treatment showed apatite-forming abilities, which increased with increasing HCl concentrations up to the same level as that of NaOH- and heat-treated Ti metal. The former did not show a decrease in its apatite-forming ability, even in a humid environment for a long period, whereas the latter decreased its ability. The increase in the apatite-forming ability with increasing HCl concentrations suggests a different mechanism of apatite formation from that previously proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K Pattanayak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan.
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Yang GL, He FM, Yang XF, Wang XX, Zhao SF. In vivo evaluation of bone-bonding ability of RGD-coated porous implant using layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 90:175-85. [PMID: 18491389 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
RGD has been demonstrated to improve implant osseointegration. However, few studies are known about an effect of RGD coating on a bone-bonding ability of screw-shaped porous implant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of RGD coating using the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique on the bone-bonding ability of porous implant. 60 implants of 10 mm in length (30 control and 30 RGD-coated) were inserted into femurs of 30 rabbits and 30 implants of 8 mm in length (15 control and 15 RGD-coated) were inserted into tibias of 15 rabbits. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-implantation, femurs and tibias were retrieved and prepared for removal torque tests (RTQ) and histomorphometric evaluation, respectively. No differences were found in the RTQ values between two implants at 4 weeks (p = 0.932). There were statistical significances in the RTQ values at 8 and 12 weeks (p = 0.002, 0.001, respectively). New bone was formed on both implant surfaces. The bone-implant contact pattern appeared to produce a broad-based direct contact in both implants. The RGD-coated implants showed a significantly greater BIC in the threads inside the cortical bone compared with the control implants at 4, 8, and 12 weeks (p = 0.024, 0.041, 0.022, respectively). No differences were found in the bone area within the same threads between two implants at 4 weeks (p = 0.806) whereas differences were found at 8 and 12 weeks (p = 0.009, 0.031, respectively). It was concluded that RGD coating using the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique has a positive effect on the bone-bonding ability of porous implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Li Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, China
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Gu Y, Yong M, Tay B, Lim C. Synthesis and bioactivity of porous Ti alloy prepared by foaming with TiH2. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fahim NF, Morks MF, Sekino T. Electrochemical synthesis of silica-doped high aspect-ratio titania nanotubes as nanobioceramics for implant applications. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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CUI X, KIM H, KAWASHITA M, WANG L, XIONG T, KOKUBO T, NAKAMURA T. Preparation of bioactive titania films on titanium metal via anodic oxidation. Dent Mater 2009; 25:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2008.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Effect of heat-treatment atmosphere on the bond strength of apatite layer on Ti substrate. Dent Mater 2008; 24:1549-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2008.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang XJ, Li YC, Lin JG, Yamada Y, Hodgson PD, Wen CE. In vitro bioactivity evaluation of titanium and niobium metals with different surface morphologies. Acta Biomater 2008; 4:1530-5. [PMID: 18485846 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Revised: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current orthopaedic biomaterials research mainly focuses on designing implants that could induce controlled, guided and rapid healing. In the present study, the surface morphologies of titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) metals were tailored to form nanoporous, nanoplate and nanofibre-like structures through adjustment of the temperature in the alkali-heat treatment. The in vitro bioactivity of these structures was then evaluated by soaking the treated samples in simulated body fluid (SBF). It was found that the morphology of the modified surface significantly influenced the apatite-inducing ability. The Ti surface with a nanofibre-like structure showed better apatite-inducing ability than the nanoporous or nanoplate surface structures. A thick dense apatite layer formed on the Ti surface with nanofibre-like structure after 1 week of soaking in SBF. It is expected that the nanofibre-like surface could achieve good apatite formation in vivo and subsequently enhance osteoblast cell adhesion and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Wang
- Centre for Material and Fibre Innovation, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
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Onoki T, Hosoi K, Hashida T, Tanabe Y, Watanabe T, Yasuda E, Yoshimura M. Effects of titanium surface modifications on bonding behavior of hydroxyapatite ceramics and titanium by hydrothermal hot-pressing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Wu JM, Liu JF, Hayakawa S, Tsuru K, Osaka A. Low-temperature deposition of rutile film on biomaterials substrates and its ability to induce apatite deposition in vitro. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2007; 18:1529-36. [PMID: 17410409 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-0115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2005] [Accepted: 03/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature deposition of crystalline titania films on intrinsically bioinert materials to induce the bioactivity is of practical interest, not only because it meets the demand of providing organic biomaterials with bioactivity, which cannot tolerate high-temperature thermal treatments, but also because it reserves abundant Ti-OH groups facilitating the apatite deposition. In this paper, rutile films with thickness varied from 0.1 microm to 1.7 microm were deposited on commercially available pure titanium substrates from 1.5 M titanium tetrachloride aqueous solution kept at 60 degrees C for 3-60 h. The rutile films grew to give a preferred (101) crystalline plane in the X-ray diffraction pattern. After soaking in a simulated body fluid of the Kokubo solution (SBF) for 2 days, the rutile films with thickness over 0.6 microm were covered with a layer of apatite. All the films with various thickness induced apatite deposition in SBF after soaking for 5 days. The bioinert polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was also found to exhibit remarkable in vitro bioactivity as to induce apatite deposition from SBF within 2 days, after depositing the rutile film on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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Lu X, Wang Y, Yang X, Zhang Q, Zhao Z, Weng LT, Leng Y. Spectroscopic analysis of titanium surface functional groups under various surface modification and their behaviors
in vitro
and
in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 84:523-34. [PMID: 17618503 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, surface functional groups of titanium surfaces gone through different treatments, including acid etched treatment (AE), nitric acid treatment (NT), heat treatment (HT), and alkali treatment (AT), and their behaviors in vitro and in vivo was thoroughly studied by spectroscopic analysis. In vitro and in vivo results revealed that the rank of bioactivity of various surfaces was AE < NT < HT < AT. XPS analysis indicated that AT greatly increased the OH group concentration on the titanium surface whereas HT reduced the OH group concentration. Thus, OH group difference could not be a good explanation of bioactivity difference. On the other hand, ToF-SIMS analysis demonstrated the TiOH+/Ti+ ratios of various surfaces correlated well with the bioactivity and the surface energies, which implied that Ti-OH could play an important role in the bioactivity. This detail investigation of the relationship between surface functional groups and surface bioactivity could help us to broaden the knowledge about the mechanism of bioactivity and to design next generation bioactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Lu
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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Biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings on nitric-acid-treated titanium surfaces. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2006.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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39
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Zhou W, Zhong X, Wu X, Yuan L, Shu Q, Xia Y, Ostrikov KK. Plasma-controlled nanocrystallinity and phase composition of TiO2: A smart way to enhance biomimetic response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 81:453-64. [PMID: 17133445 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This contribution sheds light on the role of crystal size and phase composition in inducing biomimetic apatite growth on the surface of nanostructured titania films synthesized by reactive magnetron sputtering of Ti targets in Ar+O(2) plasmas. Unlike most existing techniques, this method enables one to deposit highly crystalline titania films with a wide range of phase composition and nanocrystal size, without any substrate heating or postannealing. Moreover, by using this dry plasma-based method one can avoid surface hydroxylation at the deposition stage, almost inevitable in wet chemical processes. Results of this work show that high phase purity and optimum crystal size appear to be the essential requirement for efficient apatite formation on magnetron plasma-fabricated bioactive titania coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Lin CM, Yen SK. Biomimetic growth of apatite on electrolytic TiO2 coatings in simulated body fluid. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2005.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rohanizadeh R, LeGeros RZ, Harsono M, Bendavid A. Adherent apatite coating on titanium substrate using chemical deposition. J Biomed Mater Res A 2005; 72:428-38. [PMID: 15666365 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Plasma-sprayed "HA" coatings on commercial orthopedic and dental implants consist of mixtures of calcium phosphate phases, predominantly a crystalline calcium phosphate phase, hydroxyapatite (HA) and an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) with varying HA/ACP ratios. Alternatives to the plasma-spray method are being explored because of some of its disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to deposit an adherent apatite coating on titanium substrate using a two-step method. First, titanium substrates were immersed in acidic solution of calcium phosphate resulting in the deposition of a monetite (CaHPO4) coating. Second, the monetite crystals were transformed to apatite by hydrolysis in NaOH solution. Composition and morphology of the initial and final coatings were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The final coating was porous and the apatite crystals were agglomerated and followed the outline of the large monetite crystals. EDS revealed the presence of calcium and phosphorous elements on the titanium substrate after removing the coating using tensile or scratching tests. The average tensile bond of the coating was 5.2 MPa and cohesion failures were observed more frequently than adhesion failures. The coating adhesion measured using scratch test with a 200-microm-radius stylus was 13.1N. Images from the scratch tracks demonstrated that the coating materials were squashed without fracturing inside and/or at the border of the tracks until the failure point of the coating. In conclusion, this study showed the potential of a chemical deposition method for depositing a coating consisting of either monetite or apatite. This method has the advantage of producing a coating with homogenous composition on even implants of complex geometry or porosity. This method involves low temperatures and, therefore, can allow the incorporation of growth factors or biogenic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rohanizadeh
- Bone and Skin Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia.
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