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Klabukov I, Tenchurin T, Shepelev A, Baranovskii D, Mamagulashvili V, Dyuzheva T, Krasilnikova O, Balyasin M, Lyundup A, Krasheninnikov M, Sulina Y, Gomzyak V, Krasheninnikov S, Buzin A, Zayratyants G, Yakimova A, Demchenko A, Ivanov S, Shegay P, Kaprin A, Chvalun S. Biomechanical Behaviors and Degradation Properties of Multilayered Polymer Scaffolds: The Phase Space Method for Bile Duct Design and Bioengineering. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030745. [PMID: 36979723 PMCID: PMC10044742 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reports the electrospinning technique for the manufacturing of multilayered scaffolds for bile duct tissue engineering based on an inner layer of polycaprolactone (PCL) and an outer layer either of a copolymer of D,L-lactide and glycolide (PLGA) or a copolymer of L-lactide and ε-caprolactone (PLCL). A study of the degradation properties of separate polymers showed that flat PCL samples exhibited the highest resistance to hydrolysis in comparison with PLGA and PLCL. Irrespective of the liquid-phase nature, no significant mass loss of PCL samples was found in 140 days of incubation. The PLCL- and PLGA-based flat samples were more prone to hydrolysis within the same period of time, which was confirmed by the increased loss of mass and a significant reduction of weight-average molecular mass. The study of the mechanical properties of developed multi-layered tubular scaffolds revealed that their strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions was comparable with the values measured for a decellularized bile duct. The strength of three-layered scaffolds declined significantly because of the active degradation of the outer layer made of PLGA. The strength of scaffolds with the PLCL outer layer deteriorated much less with time, both in the axial (p-value = 0.0016) and radial (p-value = 0.0022) directions. A novel method for assessment of the physiological relevance of synthetic scaffolds was developed and named the phase space approach for assessment of physiological relevance. Two-dimensional phase space (elongation modulus and tensile strength) was used for the assessment and visualization of the physiological relevance of scaffolds for bile duct bioengineering. In conclusion, the design of scaffolds for the creation of physiologically relevant tissue-engineered bile ducts should be based not only on biodegradation properties but also on the biomechanical time-related behavior of various compositions of polymers and copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Klabukov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Obninsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Timur Tenchurin
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Shepelev
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Baranovskii
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vissarion Mamagulashvili
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Dyuzheva
- Department of Hospital Surgery, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Krasilnikova
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Maksim Balyasin
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Cellular Technologies, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Lyundup
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Cellular Technologies, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
- N.P. Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Krasheninnikov
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Cellular Technologies, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, Russian Technological University MIREA, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana Sulina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly Gomzyak
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Krasheninnikov
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Buzin
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of the Structure of Polymer Materials, Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials RAS, 117393 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgiy Zayratyants
- Department of Pathology, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Delegatskaya st., 20, p. 1, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Yakimova
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Anna Demchenko
- N.P. Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Peter Shegay
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Kaprin
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei Chvalun
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of the Structure of Polymer Materials, Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials RAS, 117393 Moscow, Russia
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New PCL/PEC Blends: In Vitro Cell Response of Preosteoblasts and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081201. [PMID: 36009827 PMCID: PMC9404747 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, new blends of PCL/PEC have been prepared in an easy manner by casting with the objective of obtaining new biomaterials to apply to tissue engineering and bone regeneration. The PCL/PEC blends obtained, together with neat polymer blends, were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). This full characterization is the key to disentangle the miscibility, which means good compatibility, of the polymer blends used in this work. The addition of increasing amounts of PEC, has shown in the new biomaterials obtained, a remarkable improvement in relation with the mechanical properties (manageable materials) and above all, in terms of an increase in their hydrophilic character with respect to the PCL neat polymer. The improvement of all these properties is reflected in their biological properties. With these thoughts in mind, the blends obtained were tested through the assessment of several biological parameters such as cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation of both the MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cell line and hMSCs to evaluate their cell response to different polymer membranes aimed at bone tissue regeneration. “In vitro” biocompatibility methods have been chosen rather than in vivo studies due to their lower cost, faster procedure time, and minimum ethical concerns, and because it was the first time that the biological effects of these blends were studied. The results show that the PCL/PEC blends obtained, with tunable properties in terms of hydrophilic character and hydrolytic degradation, may be regarded as good candidates to perform “in vivo” tests and check their real-life applicability for bone regeneration. The polymer acronym (the weight percentage in the sub index) is PCLx/PECy as noted in table one with the summary of compositions.
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López-González I, Zamora-Ledezma C, Sanchez-Lorencio MI, Tristante Barrenechea E, Gabaldón-Hernández JA, Meseguer-Olmo L. Modifications in Gene Expression in the Process of Osteoblastic Differentiation of Multipotent Bone Marrow-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced by a Novel Osteoinductive Porous Medical-Grade 3D-Printed Poly(ε-caprolactone)/β-tricalcium Phosphate Composite. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11216. [PMID: 34681873 PMCID: PMC8537621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we evaluated the influence of a novel hybrid 3D-printed porous composite scaffold based on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) microparticles in the process of adhesion, proliferation, and osteoblastic differentiation of multipotent adult human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (ah-BM-MSCs) cultured under basal and osteogenic conditions. The in vitro biological response of ah-BM-MSCs seeded on the scaffolds was evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity, adhesion, and proliferation (AlamarBlue Assay®) after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of culture. The osteogenic differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red Solution, ARS), expression of surface markers (CD73, CD90, and CD105), and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) after 7 and 14 days of culture. The scaffolds tested were found to be bioactive and biocompatible, as demonstrated by their effects on cytotoxicity (viability) and extracellular matrix production. The mineralization and ALP assays revealed that osteogenic differentiation increased in the presence of PCL/β-TCP scaffolds. The latter was also confirmed by the gene expression levels of the proteins involved in the ossification process. Our results suggest that similar bio-inspired hybrid composite materials would be excellent candidates for osteoinductive and osteogenic medical-grade scaffolds to support cell proliferation and differentiation for tissue engineering, which warrants future in vivo research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan López-González
- Tissue Regeneration and Repair Group, Orthobiology, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, UCAM-Universidad Católica de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Camilo Zamora-Ledezma
- Tissue Regeneration and Repair Group, Orthobiology, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, UCAM-Universidad Católica de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - María Isabel Sanchez-Lorencio
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, University of Murcia, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | | | - José Antonio Gabaldón-Hernández
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, UCAM-Universidad Católica de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Luis Meseguer-Olmo
- Tissue Regeneration and Repair Group, Orthobiology, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, UCAM-Universidad Católica de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
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Jesus S, Bernardi N, da Silva J, Colaço M, Panão Costa J, Fonte P, Borges O. Unravelling the Immunotoxicity of Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles-Effects of Polymer Molecular Weight, Hydrolysis, and Blends. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2819-2833. [PMID: 33050694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polyester that has FDA and CE approval as a medical device. Nonetheless, the lack of toxicity exhibited by the polymer cannot be extrapolated to its nanomaterial conformation. Despite PCL-based NPs being widely studied in the biomedical field for their advantages as controlled drug delivery systems, little data describe PCL NPs' toxicity, particularly immunotoxicity. This work assessed different PCL-based delivery systems intended for protein delivery regarding their immunotoxicity and hemocompatibility. Two different molecular weight PCL polymers were used, as well as blends with chitosan and glucan. Results showed that the presence of NaOH during the production of PCL2 NPs and PCL2/glucan NPs induced PCL alkali hydrolysis, generating more reactive groups (carboxyl and hydroxyl) that contributed to an increased toxicity of the NPs (higher reduction in peripheral blood mononuclear cell viability and lower hemocompatibility). PCL2/glucan NPs showed an anti-inflammatory activity characterized by the inhibition of LPS stimulated nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α. In conclusion, generalizations among different PCL NP delivery systems must be avoided, and immunotoxicity assessments should be performed in the early stage of product development to increase the clinical success of the nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jesus
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Natalia Bernardi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jessica da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Colaço
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Panão Costa
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fonte
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.,iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Olga Borges
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Jacob G, Shimomura K, Nakamura N. Osteochondral Injury, Management and Tissue Engineering Approaches. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:580868. [PMID: 33251212 PMCID: PMC7673409 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral lesions (OL) are a common clinical problem for orthopedic surgeons worldwide and are associated with multiple clinical scenarios ranging from trauma to osteonecrosis. OL vary from chondral lesions in that they involve the subchondral bone and chondral surface, making their management more complex than an isolated chondral injury. Subchondral bone involvement allows for a natural healing response from the body as marrow elements are able to come into contact with the defect site. However, this repair is inadequate resulting in fibrous scar tissue. The second differentiating feature of OL is that damage to the subchondral bone has deleterious effects on the mechanical strength and nutritive capabilities to the chondral joint surface. The clinical solution must, therefore, address both the articular cartilage as well as the subchondral bone beneath it to restore and preserve joint health. Both cartilage and subchondral bone have distinctive functional requirements and therefore their physical and biological characteristics are very much dissimilar, yet they must work together as one unit for ideal joint functioning. In the past, the obvious solution was autologous graft transfer, where an osteochondral bone plug was harvested from a non-weight bearing portion of the joint and implanted into the defect site. Allografts have been utilized similarly to eliminate the donor site morbidity associated with autologous techniques and overall results have been good but both techniques have their drawbacks and limitations. Tissue engineering has thus been an attractive option to create multiphasic scaffolds and implants. Biphasic and triphasic implants have been under explored and have both a chondral and subchondral component with an interface between the two to deliver an implant which is biocompatible and emulates the osteochondral unit as a whole. It has been a challenge to develop such implants and many manufacturing techniques have been utilized to bring together two unalike materials and combine them with cellular therapies. We summarize the functions of the osteochondral unit and describe the currently available management techniques under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Jacob
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tejasvini Hospital, Mangalore, India
| | - Kazunori Shimomura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norimasa Nakamura
- Institute for Medical Science in Sports, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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7
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Kosik-Kozioł A, Graham E, Jaroszewicz J, Chlanda A, Kumar PTS, Ivanovski S, Święszkowski W, Vaquette C. Surface Modification of 3D Printed Polycaprolactone Constructs via a Solvent Treatment: Impact on Physical and Osteogenic Properties. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:318-328. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kosik-Kozioł
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology (WUT), 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elizabeth Graham
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Jakub Jaroszewicz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology (WUT), 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Chlanda
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology (WUT), 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P. T. Sudheesh Kumar
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology (WUT), 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cedryck Vaquette
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
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Sajkiewicz P, Heljak M, Gradys A, Choińska E, Rumiński S, Jaroszewicz T, Bissenik I, Święszkowski W. Degradation and related changes in supermolecular structure of poly(caprolactone) in vivo conditions. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Damanik FFR, van Blitterswijk C, Rotmans J, Moroni L. Enhancement of synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins on retinoic acid loaded electrospun scaffolds. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:6468-6480. [PMID: 32254654 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01244j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a renowned technique for the generation of ultrafine, micro- and nanoscale fibres due to its simplicity, versatility and tunability. Owing to its adaptability to a wide selection of materials and scaffold architectures, electrospun meshes have been developed as biocompatible scaffolds and drug delivery systems for tissue engineering. Here, we developed a drug delivery scaffold by electrospinning poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) directly blended with a therapeutic agent, retinoic acid (RA), at different concentrations. The release profile, DNA, and elastin analysis of direct and transwell seeded RA-loaded PCL electrospun scaffolds showed desirable controlled release at 15 kV fabrication, with 0.01% RA as the optimum concentration. The selected 0.01% (w/v) RA-loaded PCL meshes were further analysed using five different seeding cultures to investigate and extensively distinguish the effects of RA release with or without cell contact to the PCL electrospun meshes for cell morphology, proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein secretion of collagen and elastin. Upon exposure to RA-loaded PCL scaffolds, an increase of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation was observed. In contrast, human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) cultures showed a decrease in cell proliferation. For both hMSC and HDF cultures, exposure to RA-loaded PCL scaffolds provided a significant increase in elastin production per cell. For collagen expression, a slight increase was measured and was outperformed by the 3D geometry stimulation from PCL scaffolds. In contrast to hMSCs, HDFs showed enhanced stress actin fibres in cultures with RA-loaded PCL scaffolds. Both cell types exhibited more vinculin expression when seeded to RA-loaded PCL scaffolds. Hence, electrospun scaffolds releasing RA in a controlled manner were able to regulate cell proliferation, morphology and ECM secretion, and present an attractive approach for optimizing tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Febriyani F R Damanik
- University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Zuidhorst 145, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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Heljak MK, Moczulska-Heljak M, Choińska E, Chlanda A, Kosik-Kozioł A, Jaroszewicz T, Jaroszewicz J, Swieszkowski W. Micro and nanoscale characterization of poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) films subjected to the L929 cells and the cyclic mechanical load. Micron 2018; 115:64-72. [PMID: 30253318 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of the presence of L929 fibroblast cells and a cyclic load application on the kinetics of the degradation of amorphous PLGA films was examined. Complex micro and nano morphological, mechanical and physico-chemical studies were performed to assess the degradation of the tested material. For this purpose, molecular weight, glass transition temperature, specimen morphology (SEM, μCT) and topography (AFM) as well as the stiffness of the material were measured. The study showed that the presence of living cells along with a mechanical load accelerates the PLGA degradation in comparison to the degradation occurring in acellular media: PBS and DMEM. The drop in molecular weight observed was accompanied by a distinct increase in the tensile modulus and surface roughness, especially in the case of the film degradation in the presence of cells. The suspected cause of the rise in stiffness during the degradation of PLGA films is a reduction in the molecular mobility of the distinctive superficial layer resulting from severe structural changes caused by the surface degradation. In conclusion, all the micro and nanoscale properties of amorphous PLGA considered in the study are sensitive to the presence of L929 cells, as well as to a cyclic load applied during the degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin K Heljak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maryla Moczulska-Heljak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Choińska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Chlanda
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Kosik-Kozioł
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jaroszewicz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Jaroszewicz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Swieszkowski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
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Felice B, Sánchez MA, Socci MC, Sappia LD, Gómez MI, Cruz MK, Felice CJ, Martí M, Pividori MI, Simonelli G, Rodríguez AP. Controlled degradability of PCL-ZnO nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and their antibacterial activity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:724-738. [PMID: 30274106 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Up to date, tissue regeneration of large bone defects is a clinical challenge under exhaustive study. Nowadays, the most common clinical solutions concerning bone regeneration involve systems based on human or bovine tissues, which suffer from drawbacks like antigenicity, complex processing, low osteoinductivity, rapid resorption and minimal acceleration of tissue regeneration. This work thus addresses the development of nanofibrous synthetic scaffolds of polycaprolactone (PCL) - a long-term degradation polyester - compounded with hydroxyapatite (HA) and variable concentrations of ZnO as alternative solutions for accelerated bone tissue regeneration in applications requiring mid- and long-term resorption. In vitro cell response of human fetal osteoblasts as well as antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus of PCL:HA:ZnO and PCL:ZnO scaffolds were here evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of ZnO nanostructures at different concentrations on in vitro degradation of PCL electrospun scaffolds was analyzed. The results proved that higher concentrations ZnO may induce early mineralization, as indicated by high alkaline phosphatase activity levels, cell proliferation assays and positive Alizarin-Red-S-stained calcium deposits. Moreover, all PCL:ZnO scaffolds particularly showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus which may be attributed to release of Zn2+ ions. Additionally, results here obtained showed a variable PCL degradation rate as a function of ZnO concentration. Therefore, this work suggests that our PCL:ZnO scaffolds may be promising and competitive short-, mid- and long-term resorption systems against current clinical solutions for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betiana Felice
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Chacabuco 461, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Chacabuco 461, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Socci
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Chacabuco 461, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Luciano David Sappia
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Chacabuco 461, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Inés Gómez
- Instituto de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Karina Cruz
- Instituto de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Carmelo José Felice
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Chacabuco 461, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mercè Martí
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Immunology Unit, Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, Spain; Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia (BCFI), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María Isabel Pividori
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gabriela Simonelli
- Laboratorio de Física del Sólido, INFINOA (CONICET-UNT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Andrea Paola Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Chacabuco 461, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina.
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12
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Zamanlui S, Mahmoudifard M, Soleimani M, Bakhshandeh B, Vasei M, Faghihi S. Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on PCL/PLGA electrospun with different alignments and compositions. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1297941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Zamanlui
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterial Research Center, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Mahmoudifard
- Department of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vasei
- Department of Pathology and Digestive Disease, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Faghihi
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterial Research Center, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Synchrotron-Based in Situ Characterization of the Scaffold Mass Loss from Erosion Degradation. J Funct Biomater 2016; 7:jfb7030017. [PMID: 27399789 PMCID: PMC5040990 DOI: 10.3390/jfb7030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mass loss behavior of degradable tissue scaffolds is critical to their lifespan and other degradation-related properties including mechanical strength and mass transport characteristics. This paper presents a novel method based on synchrotron imaging to characterize the scaffold mass loss from erosion degradation in situ, or without the need of extracting scaffolds once implanted. Specifically, the surface-eroding degradation of scaffolds in a degrading medium was monitored in situ by synchrotron-based imaging; and the time-dependent geometry of scaffolds captured by images was then employed to estimate their mass loss with time, based on the mathematical model that was adopted from the literature of surface erosion with the experimentally-identified model parameters. Acceptable agreement between experimental results and model predictions was observed for scaffolds in a cylindrical shape, made from poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) and polycaprolactone (PCL). This study illustrates that geometry evaluation by synchrotron-based imaging is an effective means to in situ characterize the scaffold mass loss as well as possibly other degradation-related properties.
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14
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Gagliardi M, Bertero A, Bardi G, Bifone A. A poly(ether-ester) copolymer for the preparation of nanocarriers with improved degradation and drug delivery kinetics. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 59:488-499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Pai B G, Kulkarni AV, Jain S. Study of smart antibacterial PCL-x
Fe3
O4
thin films using mouse NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:795-804. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Pai B
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore-560012 Karnataka India
- BARC Training School; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Trombay Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Ajay V. Kulkarni
- Department of Biotechnology; M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology; Bangalore 560054 Karnataka India
| | - Shilpee Jain
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore-560012 Karnataka India
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16
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Shimomura K, Moriguchi Y, Murawski CD, Yoshikawa H, Nakamura N. Osteochondral tissue engineering with biphasic scaffold: current strategies and techniques. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:468-76. [PMID: 24417741 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The management of osteoarthritis (OA) remains challenging and controversial. Although several clinical options exist for the treatment of OA, regeneration of the damaged articular cartilage has proved difficult due to the limited healing capacity. With the advancements in tissue engineering and cell-based technologies over the past decade, new therapeutic options for patients with osteochondral lesions potentially exist. This review will focus on the feasibility of tissue-engineered biphasic scaffolds, which can mimic the native osteochondral complex, for osteochondral repair and highlight the recent development of these techniques toward tissue regeneration. Moreover, basic anatomy, strategy for osteochondral repair, the design and fabrication methods of scaffolds, as well as the choice of cells, growth factor, and materials will be discussed. Specifically, we focus on the latest preclinical animal studies using large animals and clinical trials with high clinical relevance. In turn, this will facilitate an understanding of the latest trends in osteochondral repair and contribute to the future application of such clinical therapies in patients with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Shimomura
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka, Japan
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17
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Xue J, Feng B, Zheng R, Lu Y, Zhou G, Liu W, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang WJ. Engineering ear-shaped cartilage using electrospun fibrous membranes of gelatin/polycaprolactone. Biomaterials 2013; 34:2624-31. [PMID: 23352044 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering approach continuously requires for emerging strategies to improve the efficacy in repairing and regeneration of tissue defects. Previously, we developed a sandwich model strategy for cartilage engineering, using the combination of acellular cartilage sheets (ACSs) and chondrocytes. However, the process for the preparation of ACSs is complicated, and it is also difficult to obtain large ACSs. The aim of this study was to engineer cartilage with precise three-dimensional (3-D) structures by applying electrospun fibrous membranes of gelatin/polycaprolactone (GT/PCL). We first prepared the electrospun GT/PCL membranes into rounded shape, and then seeded chondrocytes in the sandwich model. After in vitro and in vivo cultivation, the newly formed cartilage-like tissues were harvested. Macroscopic observations and histological analysis confirmed that the engineering of cartilage using the electrospun GT/PCL membranes was feasible. An ear-shaped cartilage was then constructed in the sandwich model, with the help of an ear-shaped titanium alloy mold. After 2 weeks of culture in vitro and 6 weeks of subcutaneous incubation in vivo, the ear-shaped cartilage largely maintained their original shape, with a shape similarity up to 91.41% of the titanium mold. In addition, the engineered cartilage showed good elasticity and impressive mechanical strength. These results demonstrated that the engineering of 3-D cartilage in a sandwich model using electrospun fibrous membranes was a facile and effective approach, which has the potential to be applied for the engineering of other tissues with complicated 3-D structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Xue
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai 200011, China
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18
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Corrales T, Larraza I, Catalina F, Portolés T, Ramírez-Santillán C, Matesanz M, Abrusci C. In vitro biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity of poly(ε-caprolactone)/montmorillonite nanocomposites. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:4247-56. [PMID: 23153018 DOI: 10.1021/bm301537g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A triblock copolymer based on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and 2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA)/2-(methyl-7-nitrobenzofurazan)amino ethyl acrylate (NBD-NAcri), was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The corresponding chlorohydrated copolymer, named as PCL-b-DEAEMA, was prepared and anchored via cationic exchange on montmorillonite (MMT) surface. (PCL)/layered silicate nanocomposites were prepared through melt intercalation, and XRD and TEM analysis showed an exfoliated/intercalated morphology for organomodified clay. The surface characterization of the nanocomposites was undertaken by using contact angle and AFM. An increase in the contact angle was observed in the PCL/MMT(PCL-b-DEAEMA) nanocomposites with respect to PCL. The AFM analysis showed that the surface of the nanocomposites became rougher with respect to the PCL when MMTk10 or MMT(PCL-b-DEAEMA) was incorporated, and the value increased with the clay content. The antimicrobial activity of the nanocomposites against B. subtilis and P. putida was tested. It is remarkable that the biodegradation of PCL/MMT(PCL-b-DEAEMA) nanocomposites, monitored by the production of carbon dioxide and by chemiluminescence emission, was inhibited or retarded with respect to the PCL and PCL/1-MMTk10. It would indicate that nature of organomodifier in the clay play an important role in B. subtilis and P. putida adhesion processes. Biocompatibility studies demonstrate that both PCL and PCL/MMT materials allow the culture of murine L929 fibroblasts on its surface with high viability, very low apoptosis, and without plasma membrane damage, making these materials very adequate for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Corrales
- Polymer Photochemistry Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, C.S.I.C. Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Araujo JV, Martins A, Leonor IB, Pinho ED, Reis RL, Neves NM. Surface controlled biomimetic coating of polycaprolactone nanofiber meshes to be used as bone extracellular matrix analogues. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 19:1261-78. [DOI: 10.1163/156856208786052335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. V. Araujo
- a 3B's Research Group — Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IBB — Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - A. Martins
- b 3B's Research Group — Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IBB — Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - I. B. Leonor
- c 3B's Research Group — Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IBB — Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - E. D. Pinho
- d 3B's Research Group — Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IBB — Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - R. L. Reis
- e 3B's Research Group — Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IBB — Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - N. M. Neves
- f 3B's Research Group — Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IBB — Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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Poly-є-caprolactone based formulations for drug delivery and tissue engineering: A review. J Control Release 2011; 158:15-33. [PMID: 21963774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 603] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymer based novel drug delivery systems have provided many avenues to improve therapeutic efficacy and pharmacokinetic parameters of medicinal entities. Among synthetic biodegradable polymer, poly-є-caprolactone (PCL) is a polymer with very low glass transition temperature and melting point. Owing to its amicable nature and tailorable properties it has been trialed in almost all novel drug delivery systems and tissue engineering application in use/investigated so far. This review aims to provide an up to date of drugs incorporated in different PCL based formulations, their purpose and brief outcomes. Demonstrated PCL formulations with or without drugs, intended for drug delivery and/or tissue engineering application such as microsphere, nanoparticles, scaffolds, films, fibers, micelles etc. are categorized based on method of preparation.
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21
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Shafiee A, Soleimani M, Chamheidari GA, Seyedjafari E, Dodel M, Atashi A, Gheisari Y. Electrospun nanofiber-based regeneration of cartilage enhanced by mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 99:467-78. [PMID: 21887742 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Application of biomaterials in combination with stem cells is a novel tissue engineering approach to regenerate cartilage. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polycaprolactone (PVA/PCL) nanofiber scaffolds seeded with rabbit bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) for cartilage tissue engineering in vitro and in vivo. We tested the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of nanofibrous scaffolds using scanning electron microscope, MTT assay, and tensile measurements. The capacity of MSC for chondrogenic differentiation on scaffolds was examined using reverse transcription-polymer chain reaction and immunostaining. For in vivo assessments, PVA/PCL nanofiber scaffolds with or without MSC were implanted into rabbit full-thickness cartilage defects. To evaluate cartilage regeneration, semi-quantitative grading and histological analysis were performed. Our results showed that PVA/PCL scaffolds supported the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of MSC in vitro. Moreover, the animals treated with cell-seeded PVA/PCL scaffolds showed improved healing of defects compared with untreated control and those which received cell-free scaffolds. Our findings suggest that PVA/PCL scaffolds incorporated with MSC can serve as a suitable graft for articular cartilage reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shafiee
- Stem Cell Biology, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Departments, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Liu J, Morykwas MJ, Argenta LC, Wagner WD. Development of a biodegradable foam for use in negative pressure wound therapy. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 98:316-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
We demonstrate self-folding of precisely patterned, optically transparent, all-polymeric containers and describe their utility in mammalian cell and microorganism encapsulation and culture. The polyhedral containers, with SU-8 faces and biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) hinges, spontaneously assembled on heating. Self-folding was driven by a minimization of surface area of the liquefying PCL hinges within lithographically patterned two-dimensional (2D) templates. The strategy allowed for the fabrication of containers with variable polyhedral shapes, sizes and precisely defined porosities in all three dimensions. We provide proof-of-concept for the use of these polymeric containers as encapsulants for beads, chemicals, mammalian cells and bacteria. We also compare accelerated hinge degradation rates in alkaline solutions of varying pH. These optically transparent containers resemble three-dimensional (3D) micro-Petri dishes and can be utilized to sustain, monitor and deliver living biological components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Azam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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24
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Chuenjitkuntaworn B, Inrung W, Damrongsri D, Mekaapiruk K, Supaphol P, Pavasant P. Polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds: preparation, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo biological responses of human primary bone cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:241-51. [PMID: 20166220 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a synthetic biodegradable polymer that has been approved for use as bone graft substitutes. In this study, PCL scaffolds incorporating hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles were fabricated by combined solvent casting and particulate leaching techniques. The average pore dimension was in the range of about 480-500 microm. The porosity, water absorption, and compressive modulus of the scaffold were evaluated. The responses of primary bone cells cultured on the PCL and PCL/HAp scaffolds were examined both in vitro and invivo. In comparison with the cells grown on the PCL scaffold, those cultured on the PCL/HAp counterpart positively expressed the markers of osteogenic differentiation. Cells increased the mRNA expressions of type I collagen and osteocalcin on day 10 and demonstrated a significant increase in calcium deposition. In coherence with the in vitro appearance, histomorphometric analysis in a mouse calvarial model showed a significantly greater amount of new bone formation. The results demonstrated that the prepared PCL/HAp scaffold could be a good candidate as synthetic substitute for bone tissue engineering. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010.
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25
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Porter JR, Ruckh TT, Popat KC. Bone tissue engineering: a review in bone biomimetics and drug delivery strategies. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 25:1539-60. [PMID: 19824042 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Critical-sized defects in bone, whether induced by primary tumor resection, trauma, or selective surgery have in many cases presented insurmountable challenges to the current gold standard treatment for bone repair. The primary purpose of a tissue-engineered scaffold is to use engineering principles to incite and promote the natural healing process of bone which does not occur in critical-sized defects. A synthetic bone scaffold must be biocompatible, biodegradable to allow native tissue integration, and mimic the multidimensional hierarchical structure of native bone. In addition to being physically and chemically biomimetic, an ideal scaffold is capable of eluting bioactive molecules (e.g., BMPs, TGF-betas, etc., to accelerate extracellular matrix production and tissue integration) or drugs (e.g., antibiotics, cisplatin, etc., to prevent undesired biological response such as sepsis or cancer recurrence) in a temporally and spatially controlled manner. Various biomaterials including ceramics, metals, polymers, and composites have been investigated for their potential as bone scaffold materials. However, due to their tunable physiochemical properties, biocompatibility, and controllable biodegradability, polymers have emerged as the principal material in bone tissue engineering. This article briefly reviews the physiological and anatomical characteristics of native bone, describes key technologies in mimicking the physical and chemical environment of bone using synthetic materials, and provides an overview of local drug delivery as it pertains to bone tissue engineering is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Porter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Chang KY, Hung LH, Chu IM, Ko CS, Lee YD. The application of type II collagen and chondroitin sulfate grafted PCL porous scaffold in cartilage tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:712-23. [PMID: 19274722 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates a poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-graft-type II collagen-graft-chondroitin sulfate (PCL-g-COL-g-CS) biomaterial as a scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. Biodegradable polyester, PCL, was utilized to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds by particulate leaching. The PCL scaffold was then surface modified by chemical bonding of 1,6-hexanediamine and the grafting of a bioactive polymer layer of COL and CS with the help of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl- aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) on the modified PCL surface to produce PCL-g-COL and PCL-g-COL-g-CS, respectively. The characteristics of these modified and grafted matrices were examined by ESCA, aminolysis, collagen and CS assay, porosity and water-binding capacity. Grafted COL and CS markedly increased water-binding capacity, and promoted the spreading and growth of chondrocytes. During a 4-week culture period, PCL-g-COL and PCL-g-COL-g-CS matrices both provided more cell proliferation, as determined by measuring the DNA assay. Additionally, a larger amount of secreted collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) appeared in the PCL-g-COL-g-CS matrices than in the control (PCL) as indicated by the histochemical sections via Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, Masson trichrome stain and Safranin-O stain. The chondrocytes were induced to function normally; the cell phenotype was maintained, and the GAGs and collagen in the PCL-g-COL-g-CS scaffold were secreted in vitro. These results serve as a basis for future studies of the fabrication process and reveal the potential biocompatibility of the biomimetic matrix for regenerating articular cartilage or other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Yung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsin Chu, Taiwan 300, Republic of China
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Chang KY, Cheng LW, Ho GH, Huang YP, Lee YD. Fabrication and characterization of poly(gamma-glutamic acid)-graft-chondroitin sulfate/polycaprolactone porous scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:1937-47. [PMID: 19282262 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of blended biomacromolecule and polyester scaffolds can potentially be used in many tissue engineering applications. This study was to develop a poly(gamma-glutamic acid)-graft-chondroitin sulfate-blend-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (gamma-PGA-g-CS/PCL) composite biomaterial as a scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was grafted to gamma-PGA, forming a gamma-PGA-g-CS copolymer with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) system. The gamma-PGA-g-CS copolymers were then blended with PCL to yield a porous gamma-PGA-g-CS/PCL scaffold by salt leaching. These blended scaffolds were characterized by (1)H NMR, ESCA, water-binding capacity, mechanical test, degradation rate and CS assay. The results showed that with gamma-PGA-g-CS as a component, the water-binding capacity and the degradation rate of the scaffolds would substantially increase. During a 4 week period of culture, the mechanical stability of gamma-PGA-g-CS/PCL scaffolds was raised gradually and chondrocytes were induced to function normally in vitro. Furthermore, a larger amount of secreted GAGs was present in the gamma-PGA-g-CS/PCL matrices than in the control (PCL), as revealed by Alcian blue staining of the histochemical sections. Thus, gamma-PGA-g-CS/PCL matrices exhibit excellent biodegradation and biocompatibility for chondrocytes and have potential in tissue engineering as temporary substitutes for articular cartilage regeneration.
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Ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone initiated by the antitumor agent doxifluridine. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:1075-81. [PMID: 19101214 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (5'-DFUR-PCL) polymer was synthesized from the antitumor agent doxifluridine (5'-DFUR) by the ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone (epsilon-CL) using Sn(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct)2) as the catalyst. The structure and molecular weight of these polymers were further elucidated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and gel-permeation chromatography. The results revealed that the molecular weights of the 5'-DFUR-PCL polymers were close to the theoretical values calculated from the epsilon-CL to 5'-DFUR molar ratios and their recovery yields were as high as 90%. Two mechanisms of epsilon-CL polymerization initiated by Sn(Oct)2 were proposed involving either a single or two 5'-DFUR molecules. This study has provided an efficient method for the preparation of 5'-DFUR-PCL polymers. These novel 5'-DFUR-PCL polymers can be applied as drugs on carriers without the need for the coating or grafting processes associated with drugs in drug delivery and have great potential for cancer therapy.
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Natu MV, Gil M, de Sousa HC. Supercritical solvent impregnation of poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/poly(oxyethylene-b-oxypropylene-b-oxyethylene) and poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) blends for controlled release applications. J Supercrit Fluids 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abrusci C, Marquina D, Santos A, Del Amo A, Corrales T, Catalina F. A chemiluminescence study on degradation of gelatine. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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