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García A, Cabañas MV, Peña J, Sánchez-Salcedo S. Design of 3D Scaffolds for Hard Tissue Engineering: From Apatites to Silicon Mesoporous Materials. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111981. [PMID: 34834396 PMCID: PMC8624321 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced bioceramics for bone regeneration constitutes one of the pivotal interests in the multidisciplinary and far-sighted scientific trajectory of Prof. Vallet Regí. The different pathologies that affect osseous tissue substitution are considered to be one of the most important challenges from the health, social and economic point of view. 3D scaffolds based on bioceramics that mimic the composition, environment, microstructure and pore architecture of hard tissues is a consolidated response to such concerns. This review describes not only the different types of materials utilized: from apatite-type to silicon mesoporous materials, but also the fabrication techniques employed to design and adequate microstructure, a hierarchical porosity (from nano to macro scale), a cell-friendly surface; the inclusion of different type of biomolecules, drugs or cells within these scaffolds and the influence on their successful performance is thoughtfully reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana García
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (M.V.C.); (J.P.)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Cabañas
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (M.V.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Juan Peña
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (M.V.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Sandra Sánchez-Salcedo
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (M.V.C.); (J.P.)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Li C, Liu C. Characterization of agarose microparticles prepared by water-in-water emulsification. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2017.1279698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Chenguang Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
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Seidenstuecker M, Ruehe J, Suedkamp NP, Serr A, Wittmer A, Bohner M, Bernstein A, Mayr HO. Composite material consisting of microporous β-TCP ceramic and alginate for delayed release of antibiotics. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:433-446. [PMID: 28104468 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to produce a novel composite of microporous β-TCP filled with alginate and Vancomycin (VAN) to prolong the release behavior of the antibiotic for up to 28days. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the flow chamber developed by the group, porous ceramics in a directional flow were filled with alginates of different composition containing 50mg/mL of antibiotics. After cross-linking the alginate with calcium ions, incubation took place in 10mL double-distilled water for 4weeks at 37°C. At defined times (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 20 and 28days), the liquid was completely exchanged and analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis and microtiter trials. For statistical purposes, the mean and standard deviation were calculated and analyzed by ANOVA. RESULTS The release of VAN from alginate was carried out via an external calcium source over the entire period with concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The burst release measured 35.2±1.5%. The release of VAN from alginate with an internal calcium source could only be observed over 14days. The burst release here was 61.9±4.3%. The native alginate's burst release was 54.1±7.8%; that of the sterile alginate 40.5±6.4%. The microtiter experiments revealed efficacy over the entire study period for VAN. The MIC value was determined in the release experiments as well in a range of 0.5-2.0μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Drug release systems based on β-TCP and hydrogels are well documented in literature. However, in all described systems the ceramic, as granule or powder, is inserted into a hydrogel. In our work, we do the opposite, a hydrogel which acts as reservoir for antibiotics is placed into a porous biodegradable ceramic. Eventually, this system should be applied as treatment of bone infections. Contrary to the "granule in hydrogel" composites it has the advantage of mechanical stability. Thus, it can take over functions of the bone during the healing process. For a quicker translation from our scientific research into clinical use, only FDA approved materials were used in this work.
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Lee JW, Kim JY, Cho DW. Solid Free-form Fabrication Technology and Its Application to Bone Tissue Engineering. Int J Stem Cells 2014; 3:85-95. [PMID: 24855546 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2010.3.2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of scaffolds for use in cell-based therapies to repair damaged bone tissue has become a critical component in the field of bone tissue engineering. However, design of scaffolds using conventional fabrication techniques has limited further advancement, due to a lack of the required precision and reproducibility. To overcome these constraints, bone tissue engineers have focused on solid free-form fabrication (SFF) techniques to generate porous, fully interconnected scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. This paper reviews the potential application of SFF fabrication technologies for bone tissue engineering with respect to scaffold fabrication. In the near future, bone scaffolds made using SFF apparatus should become effective therapies for bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Lee
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Jong Young Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea ; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
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Pradny M, Vetrik M, Hruby M, Michalek J. Biodegradable Porous Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118774205.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mishra R, Kumar A. Osteocompatibility and osteoinductive potential of supermacroporous polyvinyl alcohol-TEOS-agarose-CaCl2 (PTAgC) biocomposite cryogels. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:1327-1337. [PMID: 24515863 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering majorly focuses on the development of biomaterials which have the capability to mimic bone as well as the ability to induce bone formation. To this direction, we have prepared supermacroporous polyvinyl alcohol-TEOS-Agarose-CaCl2 (PTAgC) biocomposite cryogels having a uniform porous structure with an interconnected porosity of 77 ± 0.16 % and pore size of 190 ± 0.78 μm, as determined by scanning electron microscopic and micro-computed tomographic analyses. These biocomposite cryogels show an osteocompatible response towards Saos-2 human osteoblasts as analyzed via MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and cell adhesion behaviour showing a flattened morphology of the cells on the cryogel surface. The property of bioactivity was also observed on the surface of these biomaterials. Further, we also explored the osteoinductive potential of these biocomposite cryogels by the analysis of osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts after seeding onto these biocomposite cryogels. The results indicate that these biocomposite cryogels indeed show an osteoinductive potential as we could observe the presence of respective markers for different stages during osteoblast maturation. During early timepoints, higher alkaline phosphatase production via ALP assay and BCIP/NBT staining was observed in the case of biocomposite cryogel seeded cells suggesting the osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 cells. Whereas, during later timepoints, formation of calcium-phosphate like crystals was confirmed by von-kossa staining, further indicating towards the onset of mineralization phase during osteoblast maturation. Therefore, these results suggest that PTAgC biocomposite cryogels can form an important part of bone tissue engineered biomaterials due to their osteocompatible behaviour and osteoinductive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
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Joshy MA, Elayaraja K, Sakthivel N, Chandra VS, Shanthini G, Kalkura SN. Freeze dried cross linking free biodegradable composites with microstructures for tissue engineering and drug delivery application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:466-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cho DW, Kang HW. Microstereolithography-based computer-aided manufacturing for tissue engineering. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 868:341-356. [PMID: 22692621 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-764-4_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Various solid freeform fabrication technologies have been introduced for constructing three-dimensional (3-D) freeform structures. Of these, microstereolithography (MSTL) technology performs the best in 3-D space because it not only has high resolution, but also fast fabrication speed. Using this technology, 3-D structures with mesoscale size and microscale resolution are achievable. Many researchers have been trying to apply this technology to tissue engineering to construct medically applicable scaffolds, which require a 3-D shape that fits a defect with a mesoscale size and microscale inner architecture for efficient regeneration of artificial tissue. This chapter introduces the principles of MSTL technology and representative systems. It includes fabrication and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) processes to show the automation process by which measurements from medical images are used to fabricate the required 3-D shape. Then, various tissue engineering applications based on MSTL are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang Institute of Intelligent Robotics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.
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Román J, Cabañas MV, Peña J, Vallet-Regí M. Control of the pore architecture in three-dimensional hydroxyapatite-reinforced hydrogel scaffolds. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2011; 12:045003. [PMID: 27877422 PMCID: PMC5090500 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/12/4/045003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels (gellan or agarose) reinforced with nanocrystalline carbonated hydroxyapatite (nCHA) were prepared by the GELPOR3D technique. This simple method is characterized by compositional flexibility; it does not require expensive equipment, thermal treatment, or aggressive or toxic solvents, and yields a three-dimensional (3D) network of interconnected pores 300-900 μm in size. In addition, an interconnected porosity is generated, yielding a hierarchical porous architecture from the macro to the molecular scale. This porosity depends on both the drying/preservation technology (freeze drying or oven drying at 37 ○C) and on the content and microstructure of the reinforcing ceramic. For freeze-dried samples, the porosities were approximately 30, 66 and below 3% for pore sizes of 600-900 μm, 100-200 μm and 50-100 nm, respectively. The pore structure depends much on the ceramic content, so that higher contents lead to the disappearance of the characteristic honeycomb structure observed in low-ceramic scaffolds and to a lower fraction of the 100-200-μm-sized pores. The nature of the hydrogel did not affect the pore size distribution but was crucial for the behavior of the scaffolds in a hydrated medium: gellan-containing scaffolds showed a higher swelling degree owing to the presence of more hydrophilic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Román
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Cabañas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Peña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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Ruiz-Hitzky E, Aranda P, Darder M, Ogawa M. Hybrid and biohybrid silicate based materials: molecular vs. block-assembling bottom–up processes. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:801-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cabañas M, Peña J, Román J, Vallet-Regí M. Tailoring vancomycin release from β-TCP/agarose scaffolds. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 37:249-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Alcaide M, Serrano MC, Pagani R, Sánchez-Salcedo S, Nieto A, Vallet-Regí M, Portolés MT. L929 fibroblast and Saos-2 osteoblast response to hydroxyapatite-βTCP/agarose biomaterial. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 89:539-49. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Moribe K, Nomizu N, Izukura S, Yamamoto K, Tozuka Y, Sakurai M, Ishida A, Nishida H, Miyazaki M. Physicochemical, morphological and therapeutic evaluation of agarose hydrogel particles as a reservoir for basic fibroblast growth factor. Pharm Dev Technol 2009; 13:541-7. [PMID: 18756387 DOI: 10.1080/10837450802309661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Micron-sized agarose hydrogel particles were prepared using an emulsification/gelation method as a controlled release reservoir for basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Mean particle size of agarose hydrogel particles decreased with an increase in stirring speed and also with an increasing temperature of the oil phase, as measured before cooling. Morphologies of agarose particles before and after dispersing into water were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cryogenic SEM, respectively. Freeze-dried agarose particles were spherical with rough surface. Porous polymer matrix structure was observed in the hydrogel particles by cryo-SEM. More than 99% of bFGF was encapsulated and the release from the agarose hydrogel particles was less than 3% during the incubation in phosphate buffered saline. bFGF molecules were not only adsorbed on the particle surface but also permeated and retained within the matrix. The therapeutic efficacy of bFGF retained in agarose hydrogel particles was significantly higher than that dissolved in saline. Agarose hydrogel particle seems to be a potential candidate for a bFGF reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunikazu Moribe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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Biocompatibility markers for the study of interactions between osteoblasts and composite biomaterials. Biomaterials 2009; 30:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Román J, Cabañas MV, Peña J, Doadrio JC, Vallet-Regí M. An optimized β-tricalcium phosphate and agarose scaffold fabrication technique. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 84:99-107. [PMID: 17600331 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable scaffolds composed of beta-tricalcium phosphate, and a natural hydrogel, agarose, were prepared by a shaping method based on the thermal gelation of the polymeric component. This technique was modified to facilitate the inclusion, during the scaffold preparation stage, of therapeutic agents that could improve the graft performance. Vancomycin was included in materials containing different amounts of agarose and ceramic without affecting the scaffold consolidation process. These materials, easily injectable, behave like a reinforced hydrogel whose swelling behavior and drug release rate depend on their composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Román
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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