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Gupta V, Khan Y, Berkland CJ, Laurencin CT, Detamore MS. Microsphere-Based Scaffolds in Regenerative Engineering. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2018. [PMID: 28633566 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microspheres have long been used in drug delivery applications because of their controlled release capabilities. They have increasingly served as the fundamental building block for fabricating scaffolds for regenerative engineering because of their ability to provide a porous network, offer high-resolution control over spatial organization, and deliver growth factors/drugs and/or nanophase materials. Because they provide physicochemical gradients via spatiotemporal release of bioactive factors and nanophase ceramics, microspheres are a desirable tool for engineering complex tissues and biological interfaces. In this review we describe various methods for microsphere fabrication and sintering, and elucidate how these methods influence both micro- and macroscopic scaffold properties, with a special focus on the nature of sintering. Furthermore, we review key applications of microsphere-based scaffolds in regenerating various tissues. We hope to inspire researchers to join a growing community of investigators using microspheres as tissue engineering scaffolds so that their full potential in regenerative engineering may be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045;
| | - Yusuf Khan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Campus, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; , .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269.,Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Campus, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Cory J Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; .,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045;
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Campus, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; , .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269.,Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Campus, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Michael S Detamore
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019;
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Narayanan G, Vernekar VN, Kuyinu EL, Laurencin CT. Poly (lactic acid)-based biomaterials for orthopaedic regenerative engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 107:247-276. [PMID: 27125191 PMCID: PMC5482531 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative engineering converges tissue engineering, advanced materials science, stem cell science, and developmental biology to regenerate complex tissues such as whole limbs. Regenerative engineering scaffolds provide mechanical support and nanoscale control over architecture, topography, and biochemical cues to influence cellular outcome. In this regard, poly (lactic acid) (PLA)-based biomaterials may be considered as a gold standard for many orthopaedic regenerative engineering applications because of their versatility in fabrication, biodegradability, and compatibility with biomolecules and cells. Here we discuss recent developments in PLA-based biomaterials with respect to processability and current applications in the clinical and research settings for bone, ligament, meniscus, and cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Narayanan
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Varadraj N Vernekar
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Emmanuel L Kuyinu
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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3
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Li JJ, Roohani-Esfahani SI, Dunstan CR, Quach T, Steck R, Saifzadeh S, Pivonka P, Zreiqat H. Efficacy of novel synthetic bone substitutes in the reconstruction of large segmental bone defects in sheep tibiae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:015016. [PMID: 26894676 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/1/015016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of large bone defects, particularly those with segmental bone loss, remains a significant clinical challenge as current approaches involving surgery or bone grafting often do not yield satisfactory long-term outcomes. This study reports the evaluation of novel ceramic scaffolds applied as bone graft substitutes in a clinically relevant in vivo model. Baghdadite scaffolds, unmodified or modified with a polycaprolactone coating containing bioactive glass nanoparticles, were implanted into critical-sized segmental bone defects in sheep tibiae for 26 weeks. Radiographic, biomechanical, μ-CT and histological analyses showed that both unmodified and modified baghdadite scaffolds were able to withstand physiological loads at the defect site, and induced substantial bone formation in the absence of supplementation with cells or growth factors. Notably, all samples showed significant bridging of the critical-sized defect (average 80%) with evidence of bone infiltration and remodelling within the scaffold implant. The unmodified and modified baghdadite scaffolds achieved similar outcomes of defect repair, although the latter may have an initial mechanical advantage due to the nanocomposite coating. The baghdadite scaffolds evaluated in this study hold potential for use as purely synthetic bone graft substitutes in the treatment of large bone defects while circumventing the drawbacks of autografts and allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao Li
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. These authors contributed equally
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Aravamudhan A, Ramos DM, Jenkins NA, Dyment NA, Sanders MM, Rowe DW, Kumbar SG. Collagen nanofibril self-assembly on a natural polymeric material for the osteoinduction of stem cells in vitro and biocompatibility in vivo. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript reports the characterization of molecularly self-assembled collagen nanofibers on a natural polymeric microporous structure and their ability to support stem cell differentiation in vitro and host tissue response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Aravamudhan
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering
- University of Connecticut Health Center
- Farmington
- USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
| | - D. M. Ramos
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering
- University of Connecticut Health Center
- Farmington
- USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
| | - N. A. Jenkins
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering
- University of Connecticut Health Center
- Farmington
- USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
| | - N. A. Dyment
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences
- School of Dental Medicine
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine
- Farmington
- USA
| | - M. M. Sanders
- Division of Pathology
- University of Connecticut Health Center
- Farmington
- USA
| | - D. W. Rowe
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences
- School of Dental Medicine
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine
- Farmington
- USA
| | - S. G. Kumbar
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering
- University of Connecticut Health Center
- Farmington
- USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
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Das A, Fishero BA, Christophel JJ, Li CJ, Kohli N, Lin Y, Dighe AS, Cui Q. Poly(lactic-co-glycolide) polymer constructs cross-linked with human BMP-6 and VEGF protein significantly enhance rat mandible defect repair. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 364:125-35. [PMID: 26475719 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the combined delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) induces significantly more bone formation than that induced by the delivery of any single factor or a combination of any two factors. We now determine whether the exogenous addition of VEGF and BMP-6 is sufficient for bone healing when MSCs are not provided. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLAGA) microsphere-based three-dimensional scaffolds (P) were fabricated by thermal sintering of PLAGA microspheres. The scaffolds were chemically cross-linked with 200 ng recombinant human VEGF (P(VEGF)) or BMP-6 (P(BMP-6)) or both (P(VEGF+BMP-6)) by the EDC-NHS-MES method. Release of the proteins from the scaffolds was detected for 21 days in vitro which confirmed their comparable potential to supply the proteins in vivo. The scaffolds were delivered to a critical-sized mandibular defect created in 32 Sprague Dawley rats. Significant bone regeneration was observed only in rats with P(VEGF+BMP-6) scaffolds at weeks 2, 8 and 12 as revealed by micro-computer tomography. Vascular ingrowth was higher in the P(VEGF+BMP-6) group as seen by microfil imaging than in other groups. Trichrome staining revealed that a soft callus formed in P(VEGF), P(BMP-6) and P(VEGF+BMP-6) but not in P. MSCs isolated from rat femurs displayed expression of the bone-specific marker osteocalcin when cultured with P(VEGF), P(BMP-6), or P(VEGF+BMP-6) but not with P. Robust mineralization and increased alkaline phosphatase gene expression were seen in rat MSCs when cultured on P(VEGF+BMP-6) but not on P, P(VEGF), or P(BMP-6). Thus, unlike the delivery of VEGF or BMP-6 alone, the combined delivery of VEGF and BMP-6 to the bone defect significantly enhanced bone repair through the enhancement of angiogenesis and the differentiation of endogenously recruited MSCs into the bone repair site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Das
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Brian A Fishero
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - J Jared Christophel
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ching-Ju Li
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nikita Kohli
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yong Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Abhijit S Dighe
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Quanjun Cui
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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James R, Nagarale RK, Sachan VK, Badalucco C, Bhattacharya PK, Kumbar SG. Synthesis and characterization of electrically conducting polymers for regenerative engineering applications: sulfonated ionic membranes. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan James
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering; University of Connecticut Health Center; CT 06030 USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical; Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences; CT 06030 USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; CT 06030 USA
| | - Rajaram K. Nagarale
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; UP 208016 India
| | - Vinay K. Sachan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; UP 208016 India
| | - Christopher Badalucco
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering; University of Connecticut Health Center; CT 06030 USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical; Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences; CT 06030 USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; CT 06030 USA
| | | | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering; University of Connecticut Health Center; CT 06030 USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical; Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences; CT 06030 USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; CT 06030 USA
- Departments of Materials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Connecticut; CT 06269 USA
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7
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Huang W, Li X, Shi X, Lai C. Microsphere based scaffolds for bone regenerative applications. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1145-1153. [DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00161c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Shelke NB, James R, Laurencin CT, Kumbar SG. Polysaccharide biomaterials for drug delivery and regenerative engineering. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Namdev B. Shelke
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical, and Engineering Sciences; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
| | - Roshan James
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical, and Engineering Sciences; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical, and Engineering Sciences; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- Departments of Materials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical, and Engineering Sciences; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- Departments of Materials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT 06269 USA
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9
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Félix Lanao RP, Jonker AM, Wolke JG, Jansen JA, van Hest JC, Leeuwenburgh SC. Physicochemical properties and applications of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) for use in bone regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2013; 19:380-90. [PMID: 23350707 PMCID: PMC3690090 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is the most often used synthetic polymer within the field of bone regeneration owing to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. As a consequence, a large number of medical devices comprising PLGA have been approved for clinical use in humans by the American Food and Drug Administration. As compared with the homopolymers of lactic acid poly(lactic acid) and poly(glycolic acid), the co-polymer PLGA is much more versatile with regard to the control over degradation rate. As a material for bone regeneration, the use of PLGA has been extensively studied for application and is included as either scaffolds, coatings, fibers, or micro- and nanospheres to meet various clinical requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa P. Félix Lanao
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anika M. Jonker
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop G.C. Wolke
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John A. Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C.M. van Hest
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander C.G. Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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10
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Roux R, Ladavière C, Montembault A, Delair T. Particle assemblies: toward new tools for regenerative medicine. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012; 33:997-1007. [PMID: 23827536 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a demanding field in terms of design and elaboration of materials able to meet the specifications that this application imposes. The regeneration of tissue is a multiscale issue, from the signaling molecule through cell expansion and finally tissue growth requiring a large variety of cues that should be delivered in place and time. Hence, the materials should be able to accommodate cells with respect to their phenotypes, to allow cell division to the right tissue, to maintain the integrity of the surrounding sane tissue, and eventually use their signaling machinery to serve the development of the appropriate neo-tissue. They should also present the ability to deliver growth factors and regulate tissue development, to be degraded into safe products, in order not to impede tissue development, and finally be easily implanted/injected into the patients. In this context, colloid-based materials represent a very promising family of products because one can take advantage of their high specific area, their capability to carry/deliver bio-active molecules, and their capacity of assembling (eventually in vivo) into materials featuring other mechanical, rheological, physicochemical properties. Other benefits of great interest would be their ease of production even via high through-put processes and their potential manufacturing from safe, biodegradable and biocompatible parent raw material. This review describes the state-of-the-art of processes leading to complex materials from the assembly of colloids meeting, at least partially, the above-described specifications for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Roux
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, IMP@LYON1, UMR CNRS 5223, 15 bld Latarjet, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Zhou H, Lawrence JG, Bhaduri SB. Fabrication aspects of PLA-CaP/PLGA-CaP composites for orthopedic applications: a review. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1999-2016. [PMID: 22342596 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, composites made of polylactic acid-calcium phosphates (PLA-CaP) and polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid-calcium phosphates (PLGA-CaP) have seen widespread uses in orthopedic applications. This paper reviews the fabrication aspects of these composites, following the ubiquitous materials science approach by studying "processing-structure-property" correlations. Various fabrication processes such as microencapsulation, phase separation, electrospinning, supercritical gas foaming, etc., are reviewed, with specific examples of their applications in fabricating these composites. The effect of the incorporation of CaP materials on the mechanical and biological performance of PLA/PLGA is addressed. In addition, this paper describes the state of the art on challenges and innovations concerning CaP dispersion, incorporation of biomolecules/stem cells and long-term degradation of the composites.
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12
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Kumbar SG, Toti US, Deng M, James R, Laurencin CT, Aravamudhan A, Harmon M, Ramos DM. Novel mechanically competent polysaccharide scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2011; 6:065005. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/6/6/065005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Sintered microsphere scaffolds for controlled release and tissue engineering. Pharm Res 2011; 28:1224-8. [PMID: 21213022 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Reichert WM, Ratner BD, Anderson J, Coury A, Hoffman AS, Laurencin CT, Tirrell D. 2010 Panel on the biomaterials grand challenges. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 96:275-87. [PMID: 21171147 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In 2009, the National Academy for Engineering issued the Grand Challenges for Engineering in the 21st Century comprised of 14 technical challenges that must be addressed to build a healthy, profitable, sustainable, and secure global community (http://www.engineeringchallenges.org). Although crucial, none of the NEA Grand Challenges adequately addressed the challenges that face the biomaterials community. In response to the NAE Grand Challenges, Monty Reichert of Duke University organized a panel entitled Grand Challenges in Biomaterials at the at the 2010 Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting in Seattle. Six members of the National Academies-Buddy Ratner, James Anderson, Allan Hoffman, Art Coury, Cato Laurencin, and David Tirrell-were asked to propose a grand challenge to the audience that, if met, would significantly impact the future of biomaterials and medical devices. Successfully meeting these challenges will speed the 60-plus year transition from commodity, off-the-shelf biomaterials to bioengineered chemistries, and biomaterial devices that will significantly advance our ability to address patient needs and also to create new market opportunities.
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15
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Jiang T, Nukavarapu SP, Deng M, Jabbarzadeh E, Kofron MD, Doty SB, Abdel-Fattah WI, Laurencin CT. Chitosan-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microsphere-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: in vitro degradation and in vivo bone regeneration studies. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3457-70. [PMID: 20307694 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural polymer chitosan and synthetic polymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLAGA) have been investigated for a variety of tissue engineering applications. We have previously reported the fabrication and in vitro evaluation of a novel chitosan/PLAGA sintered microsphere scaffold for load-bearing bone tissue engineering applications. In this study, the in vitro degradation characteristics of the chitosan/PLAGA scaffold and the in vivo bone formation capacity of the chitosan/PLAGA-based scaffolds in a rabbit ulnar critical-sized-defect model were investigated. The chitosan/PLAGA scaffold showed slower degradation than the PLAGA scaffold in vitro. Although chitosan/PLAGA scaffold showed a gradual decrease in compressive properties during the 12-week degradation period, the compressive strength and compressive modulus remained in the range of human trabecular bone. Chitosan/PLAGA-based scaffolds were able to guide bone formation in a rabbit ulnar critical-sized-defect model. Microcomputed tomography analysis demonstrated that successful bridging of the critical-sized defect on the sides both adjacent to and away from the radius occurred using chitosan/PLAGA-based scaffolds. Immobilization of heparin and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on the chitosan/PLAGA scaffold surface promoted early bone formation as evidenced by complete bridging of the defect along the radius and significantly enhanced mechanical properties when compared to the chitosan/PLAGA scaffold. Furthermore, histological analysis suggested that chitosan/PLAGA-based scaffolds supported normal bone formation via intramembranous formation.
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Wang J, Yu X. Preparation, characterization and in vitro analysis of novel structured nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3004-12. [PMID: 20144749 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, a three-dimensional nanofibrous spiral scaffold for bone tissue engineering was developed, which showed enhanced human osteoblast cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation compared with traditional cylinder scaffolds, owing to the incorporation of spiral structures and nanofiber. However, the application of these scaffolds to bone tissue engineering was limited by their weak mechanical strength. This limitation triggered the design for novel structured scaffolds with reinforced physical characteristics. In this study, spiral polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous scaffolds were inserted into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microsphere sintered tubular scaffolds to form integrated scaffolds to provide mechanical properties and bioactivity appropriate for bone tissue engineering. Four experiment groups were designed: PLGA cylinder scaffold; PLGA tubular scaffold; PLGA tubular scaffold with PCL spiral structured inner core; PLGA tubular scaffold with PCL nanofiber containing spiral structured inner core. The morphology, porosity and mechanical properties of the scaffolds were characterized. Furthermore, human osteoblastic cells were seeded on these scaffolds, and the cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation and mineralized matrix deposition on the scaffolds were evaluated. The integrated scaffolds had Young's modulus 250-300 MPa, and compressive strength 8-11 MPa under uniaxial compression. With the addition of an inner highly porous insert to the tubular shell, human osteoblast cells seeded on the integrated scaffolds showed slightly higher cell proliferation, 20-25% more alkaline phosphatase expression and twofold higher calcium deposition than those on the cylinder and tubular scaffolds. Furthermore, compared with sintered PLGA cylinder scaffolds, the integrated scaffolds allowed better cellular infiltration Therefore, this design demonstrates great potential for integrated scaffolds in bone tissue engineering applications.
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Shi X, Wang Y, Ren L, Lai C, Gong Y, Wang DA. A novel hydrophilic poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/lecithin hybrid microspheres sintered scaffold for bone repair. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:963-72. [PMID: 19291688 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Novel 3-D porous scaffolds made of sintered poly(lacide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)/lecithin hybrid microspheres (PLGA/Lec-SMS) were developed and investigated. The addition of lecithin in PLGA bulk successfully managed the desired hydrophilic modification without sacrificing bulk properties. The outcomes were verified with infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle analyses. Specifically, this model of scaffold gained significant improvement in mechanical (mainly compressive) strength upon an optimization of lecithin fractions aligning with sintering conditions. Given a perspective of bone tissue engineering use, human fetal osteoblasts were seeded into a series of these PLGA/Lec-SMS scaffolds upon which key parameters of cytocompatibility and osteoconductivity (including cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium secretion, and osteogenic genes expression) were assessed. Osteoblasts seeded on PLGA scaffolds with 5 wt % lecithin demonstrated high cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity. Moreover, elevated lecithin also enhanced the expression of type I collagen. Taken together, these results suggest PLGA/Lec-SMS are promising scaffolds for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Shi X, Wang Y, Ren L, Huang W, Wang DA. A protein/antibiotic releasing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/lecithin scaffold for bone repair applications. Int J Pharm 2009; 373:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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