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Ak A. Fibroblast Cell Responses to Vanadium and Niobium Titanium Alloys: A Biocompatibility Study. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:33802-33808. [PMID: 37744787 PMCID: PMC10515373 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of a biomaterial with tissues must be determined for the material to be fully compatible with the body for a long time. The tissue and environment where the material is implanted are highly affected by its content. Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium is widely used in orthopedics and dentistry. Recently, Titanium-6Aluminum-7Niobium alloys have been studied because of Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium toxicity, which may be caused by vanadium. The aim of this study was to determine whether Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium and Titanium-6Aluminum-7Niobium affect fibroblast cell proliferation, mineralization, and collagen production and whether they change the expression of type 1 collagen and fibronectin genes. It was determined that the niobium-containing alloy increased cell proliferation and calcium mineralization compared with the vanadium-containing alloy (p < 0.05). However, the alloys did not cause changes in the expression of collagen type 1 or fibronectin in cells. The collagen content of the cells on the niobium-containing alloy was lower than that on both the vanadium-containing alloy and tissue culture plate surface (p < 0.05). The niobium-containing alloy was found to be superior to the vanadium-containing alloy in terms of cell proliferation and calcium mineralization. Furthermore, neither vanadium-containing alloy nor niobium-containing alloy implant materials altered gene expression. Although both alloys are considered compatible with bone tissue, it should be considered whether they are also biocompatible with fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ak
- Kocaeli Vocational School
of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques,
Medical Imaging Techniques Program, Kocaeli
University, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey
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Sharma A, Waddell JN, Li KC, A Sharma L, Prior DJ, Duncan WJ. Is titanium-zirconium alloy a better alternative to pure titanium for oral implant? Composition, mechanical properties, and microstructure analysis. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:546-553. [PMID: 34803299 PMCID: PMC8589587 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Titanium (Ti) is widely accepted as a biomaterial for orthopaedic and dental implants, primarily due to its capacity to integrate directly into the bone and its superior corrosion resistance. It has been suggested that titanium–zirconium alloy (TiZr), with 13–17% of zirconium, has better mechanical properties than pure Ti, but there are very few published studies assessing the suitability of TiZr for high-load- bearing implants. This study aimed to compare the mechanical properties and microstructures of TiZr and commercially pure titanium (Ti). Methodology Pure Ti and TiZr alloy discs were prepared and subjected to characterisation by nanoindentation, electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Results The TiZr alloy was found to have significantly lower elastic modulus value (p < 0.0001) and greater hardness than Ti (p < 0.05). The EDS results confirmed the presence of Zr (13–17%) in the TiZr alloy, with XRD and EBSD images showing microstructure with the alpha phase similar to commercially available Ti. Conclusion The lower elastic modulus, higher hardness, presence of alpha phase, and the finer grain size of the TiZr alloy make it more suitable for high-load-bearing implants compared to commercially available Ti and is likely to encourage a positive biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Sharma
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - John N Waddell
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kai C Li
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lavanya A Sharma
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - David J Prior
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Warwick J Duncan
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Epperson RT, Mangiapani D, Bloebaum RD, Hofmann AA. Bone ingrowth comparison of irregular titanium and cobalt‐chromium coatings in a translational cancellous bone model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:1626-1635. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Epperson
- Bone & Joint Research LaboratoryDepartment of Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Utah
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity of Utah Salt Lake City Utah
| | | | - Roy D. Bloebaum
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity of Utah Salt Lake City Utah
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Immunomodulatory Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9671206. [PMID: 30766609 PMCID: PMC6350611 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9671206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response to chronic injury affects tissue regeneration and has become an important factor influencing the prognosis of patients. In previous stem cell treatments, it was revealed that stem cells not only have the ability for direct differentiation or regeneration in chronic tissue damage but also have a regulatory effect on the immune microenvironment. Stem cells can regulate the immune microenvironment during tissue repair and provide a good "soil" for tissue regeneration. In the current study, the regulation of immune cells by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the local tissue microenvironment and the tissue damage repair mechanisms are revealed. The application of the concepts of "seed" and "soil" has opened up new research avenues for regenerative medicine. Tissue engineering (TE) technology has been used in multiple tissues and organs using its biomimetic and cellular cell abilities, and scaffolds are now seen as an important part of building seed cell microenvironments. The effect of tissue engineering techniques on stem cell immune regulation is related to the shape and structure of the scaffold, the preinflammatory microenvironment constructed by the implanted scaffold, and the material selection of the scaffold. In the application of scaffold, stem cell technology has important applications in cartilage, bone, heart, and liver and other research fields. In this review, we separately explore the mechanism of MSCs in different tissue and organs through immunoregulation for tissue regeneration and MSC combined with 3D scaffolds to promote MSC immunoregulation to repair damaged tissues.
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[Surface modifications of implants. Part 1 : Material technical and biological principles]. DER ORTHOPADE 2018; 47:347-366. [PMID: 29632974 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-018-3548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of implants in vivo are not only dependent on the implantation site and patient-specific factors but are also influenced by the physicochemical composition and the surface topography of the biomaterial. In cases of permanent implants applied to bone, primary stability, the promotion of rapid osteointegration and antimicrobial properties of the implant are strived for; however, surface modifications are also found on biomaterials which only temporarily come into contact with tissue. These include not only osteosynthesis materials, jig or implant templates but also surgical instruments. This article summarizes the relevant technical principles of materials for the assessment of implant surfaces. Besides technical material-specific and biological principles, different surface modifications for targeted clinical applications are presented. Furthermore, current developmental strategies are outlined.
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Thampi VVA, Dhandapani P, Manivasagam G, Subramanian B. Enhancement of bioactivity of titanium carbonitride nanocomposite thin films on steels with biosynthesized hydroxyapatite. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10 Suppl 1:107-18. [PMID: 26491312 PMCID: PMC4599609 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s79976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thin films of titanium carbonitride (TiCN) were fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering on medical grade steel. The biocompatibility of the coating was further enhanced by growing hydroxyapatite crystals over the TiCN-coated substrates using biologically activated ammonia from synthetic urine. The coatings were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior of the coatings was determined in simulated body fluid. In addition, hemocompatibility was assessed by monitoring the attachment of platelets on the coating using SEM. The wettability of the coatings was measured in order to correlate with biocompatibility results. Formation of a coating with granular morphology and the preferred orientation was confirmed by SEM and X-ray diffraction results. The hydroxyapatite coating led to a decrease in thrombogenicity, resulting in controlled blood clot formation, hence demonstrating the hemocompatibility of the coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Anusha Thampi
- Electrochemical Materials Science Division, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, India
| | - P Dhandapani
- Corrosion and Materials Protection Division, Central Electrochemical Reserach Institute, Karaikudi, India
| | - Geetha Manivasagam
- Centre for Bio-Materials Science and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - B Subramanian
- Electrochemical Materials Science Division, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, India
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Logan N, Bozec L, Traynor A, Brett P. Mesenchymal stem cell response to topographically modified CoCrMo. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3747-56. [PMID: 26015290 PMCID: PMC4975717 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Surface roughness on implant materials has been shown to be highly influential on the behavior of osteogenic cells. Four surface topographies were engineered on cobalt chromium molybdenum (CoCrMo) in order to examine this influence on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). These treatments were smooth polished (SMO), acid etched (AE) using HCl 7.4% and H2SO4 76% followed by HNO3 30%, sand blasted, and acid etched using either 50 μm Al2O3 (SLA50) or 250 μm Al2O3 grit (SLA250). Characterization of the surfaces included energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), contact angle, and surface roughness analysis. Human MSCs were cultured onto the four CoCrMo substrates and markers of cell attachment, retention, proliferation, cytotoxicity, and osteogenic differentiation were studied. Residual aluminum was observed on both SLA surfaces although this appeared to be more widely spread on SLA50, whilst SLA250 was shown to have the roughest topography with an Ra value greater than 1 μm. All substrates were shown to be largely non‐cytotoxic although both SLA surfaces were shown to reduce cell attachment, whilst SLA50 also delayed cell proliferation. In contrast, SLA250 stimulated a good rate of proliferation resulting in the largest cell population by day 21. In addition, SLA250 stimulated enhanced cell retention, calcium deposition, and hydroxyapatite formation compared to SMO (p < 0.05). The enhanced response stimulated by SLA250 surface modification may prove advantageous for increasing the bioactivity of implants formed of CoCrMo. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3747–3756, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall Logan
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, University College London, Eastman Dental Institute, London, WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Bozec
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, University College London, Eastman Dental Institute, London, WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Traynor
- Corin Ltd, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, Gl7 1YJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Brett
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, University College London, Eastman Dental Institute, London, WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
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Li CC, Kharaziha M, Min C, Maas R, Nikkhah M. Microfabrication of Cell-Laden Hydrogels for Engineering Mineralized and Load Bearing Tissues. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 881:15-31. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22345-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Si J, Zhang J, Liu S, Zhang W, Yu D, Wang X, Guo L, Shen SGF. Characterization of a micro-roughened TiO2/ZrO2 coating: mechanical properties and HBMSC responses in vitro. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:572-81. [PMID: 24850303 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that using ZrO2 as a second phase to bioceramics can significantly increase the bonding strength of plasma-sprayed composite material. In the present study, micro-roughened titanium dioxide/zirconia (TiO2/ZrO2) (30 wt% ZrO2) coating and TiO2 coating were plasma-sprayed onto Ti plates. The micro-structural characteristics and mechanical properties of both coatings were investigated. Furthermore, the biological behavior and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) on both TiO2/ZrO2 and TiO2 coatings were compared. The results indicated that the shear bond strength and microhardness of TiO2/ZrO2 coating were statistically higher than those of TiO2 coating. Scanning electron microscope observation revealed that more irregularly shaped protuberances and denser pores were formed on the surface of TiO2/ZrO2 coating compared with those of TiO2 coating. Further comparative analysis of HBMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation on both coatings showed that significantly higher cellular alkaline phosphatase activity and expression levels of Runx2 and Osterix at day 10 after osteogenic culture were found on TiO2/ZrO2 coating compared with TiO2 coating, while no statistically significant difference in cell proliferation and extracellular calcium deposition was observed. The present study suggests that TiO2/ZrO2 coating may be favorable for dental implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Si
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Shanghai United Stem Cell Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shanghai 200333, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dedong Yu
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihe Guo
- Shanghai United Stem Cell Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shanghai 200333, China Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Steve G F Shen
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Sista S, Nouri A, Li Y, Wen C, Hodgson PD, Pande G. Cell biological responses of osteoblasts on anodized nanotubular surface of a titanium-zirconium alloy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3416-30. [PMID: 23559548 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anodization of titanium and its alloys, under controlled conditions, generates a nanotubular architecture on the material surface. The biological consequences of such changes are poorly understood, and therefore, we have analyzed the cellular and molecular responses of osteoblasts that were plated on nanotubular anodized surface of a titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloy. Upon comparing these results with those obtained on acid etched and polished surfaces of the same alloy, we observed a significant increase in adhesion and proliferation of cells on anodized surfaces as compared to acid etched or polished surface. The expression of genes related to cell adhesion was high only on anodized TiZr, but that of genes related to osteoblast differentiation and osteocalcin protein and extracellular matrix secretion were higher on both anodized and acid etched surfaces. Examination of surface morphology, topography, roughness, surface area and wettability using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle goniometry, showed that higher surface area, hydrophilicity, and nanoscale roughness of nanotubular TiZr surfaces, which were generated specifically by the anodization process, could strongly enhance the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts. We propose that biological properties of known bioactive titanium alloys can be further enhanced by generating nanotubular surfaces using anodization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Sista
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
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Sista S, Wen C, Hodgson PD, Pande G. Expression of cell adhesion and differentiation related genes in MC3T3 osteoblasts plated on titanium alloys: role of surface properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:1573-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Jäger M, Böge C, Janissen R, Rohrbeck D, Hülsen T, Lensing-Höhn S, Krauspe R, Herten M. Osteoblastic potency of bone marrow cells cultivated on functionalized biometals with cyclic RGD-peptide. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:2905-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Böge
- Orthopaedic Department; University of Duisburg-Essen; Germany
| | | | - D. Rohrbeck
- Institute of Molecular Physical Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - T. Hülsen
- Orthopaedic Department; University of Duisburg-Essen; Germany
| | - S. Lensing-Höhn
- Orthopaedic Department; Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - R. Krauspe
- Orthopaedic Department; Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - M. Herten
- Orthopaedic Department; Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School; Düsseldorf; Germany
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Aboushelib MN, Osman E, Jansen I, Everts V, Feilzer AJ. Influence of a Nanoporous Zirconia Implant Surface of on Cell Viability of Human Osteoblasts. J Prosthodont 2013; 22:190-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2012.00920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
The history and evolution of both soft tissue and implant arthroplasty about the wrist are discussed, including carpometacarpal, radiocarpal, and distal radioulnar joints. Technical considerations for arthroplasty are reviewed, including factors affecting implant osseointegration, implant articulation/constraint, and management of complications.
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García-Gareta E, Hua J, Knowles JC, Blunn GW. Comparison of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation between biomimetic and electrochemical coatings on different topographic surfaces. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:199-210. [PMID: 23053816 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis for this study was that there is no difference in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) proliferation and osteogenic differentiation between calcium-phosphate (CaP) coatings with different crystal size deposited on different topographic surfaces of metal discs. Polished (P) and sand-blasted (SB) tantalum and TiAl6V4 discs were CaP coated by three methods-biomimetic (BioM), electrochemical at 20 mA/cm(2) and at 6.5 mA/cm(2)-and cultured with MSCs. At days 4, 7 and 14, cell proliferation-alamarBlue(®) activity and DNA quantification-and differentiation down the osteogenic lineage-ALP activity normalised per amount of DNA and SEM (morphology)-were analysed. Results showed that MSCs proliferated more when cultured on the nano-sized BioM coatings compared to uncoated and electrochemically coated discs. MSCs also proliferated more on P surfaces than on SB and or electrochemical coatings. All the coatings induced osteogenic differentiation, which was greater on electrochemical coatings and SB discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García-Gareta
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK.
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Significance of nano- and microtopography for cell-surface interactions in orthopaedic implants. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2007:69036. [PMID: 18274618 PMCID: PMC2233875 DOI: 10.1155/2007/69036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2007] [Accepted: 08/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-surface interactions play a crucial role for biomaterial application in orthopaedics. It is evident that not only the chemical composition of solid substances influence cellular adherence, migration, proliferation and differentiation but also the surface topography of a biomaterial. The progressive application of nanostructured surfaces in medicine has gained increasing interest to improve the cytocompatibility and osteointegration of orthopaedic implants. Therefore, the understanding of cell-surface interactions is of major interest for these substances. In this review, we elucidate the principle mechanisms of nano- and microscale cell-surface interactions in vitro for different cell types onto typical orthopaedic biomaterials such as titanium (Ti), cobalt-chrome-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys, stainless steel (SS), as well as synthetic polymers (UHMWPE, XLPE, PEEK, PLLA). In addition, effects of nano- and microscaled particles and their significance in orthopaedics were reviewed. The significance for the cytocompatibility of nanobiomaterials is discussed critically.
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Mesenchymal stem cell-based tissue engineering for chondrogenesis. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:806891. [PMID: 22007146 PMCID: PMC3191858 DOI: 10.1155/2011/806891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In tissue engineering fields, recent interest has been focused on stem cell therapy to replace or repair damaged or worn-out tissues due to congenital abnormalities, disease, or injury. In particular, the repair of articular cartilage degeneration by stem cell-based tissue engineering could be of enormous therapeutic and economic benefit for an aging population. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can induce chondrogenic differentiation would provide an appropriate cell source to repair damaged cartilage tissues; however, we must first understand the optimal environmental conditions for chondrogenic differentiation. In this review, we will focus on identifying the best combination of MSCs and functional extracellular matrices that provides the most successful chondrogenesis.
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Evaluation of the in vitro cell-material interactions and in vivo osteo-integration of a spinal acrylic bone cement. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2011; 21 Suppl 6:S800-9. [PMID: 21811821 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-011-1945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polymethylmethacrylate bone cements have proven performance in arthroplasty and represent a common bone filler, e.g. in vertebroplasty. However, acrylic cements are still subject to controversy concerning their exothermic reaction and osteo-integration potential. Therefore, we submitted a highly filled acrylic cement to a systematic investigation on the cell-material and tissue-implant response in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cured Vertecem V+ Cements were characterized by electron microscopy. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell morphology, growth and differentiation on the cured cement were followed for 28 days in vitro. The uncured cement was injected in an ovine cancellous bone defect and analysed 4 and 26 weeks post-implantation. RESULTS The rough surface of the cement allowed for good stem cells adhesion in vitro. Up-regulation of alkaline phosphatase was detected after 8 days of incubation. No adverse local effects were observed macroscopically and microscopically following 4 and 26 weeks of implantation of the cement into drill-hole defects in ovine distal femoral epiphysis. Direct bone apposition onto the implant surface was observed resulting in extended signs of osteo-integration over time (35.2 ± 24.2% and 88.8 ± 8.8% at week 4 and 26, respectively). CONCLUSION Contrary to the established opinion concerning bony tissue response to implanted acrylic bone cements, we observed an early cell-implant in vitro interaction leading to cell growth and differentiation and significant signs of osteo-integration for this acrylic cement using standardized methods. Few outlined limitations, such as the use of low cement volumes, have to be considered in the interpretation of the study results.
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Sista S, Wen C, Hodgson PD, Pande G. The influence of surface energy of titanium-zirconium alloy on osteoblast cell functions in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 97:27-36. [PMID: 21308982 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The success of an implant used for bone regeneration and repair is determined by the events that take place at the cell-material interface. An understanding of these interactions in vitro gives insights into the formulation of ideal conditions for their effective functioning in vivo. Thus, it is not only important to understand the physico-chemical properties of the materials but, also necessary to assess the cellular responses to them to determine their long-term stability and efficacy as implants. In the present study, we have compared the physico-chemical and biological properties of titanium (Ti) and two Ti-based alloys, namely: Ti- Zirconium (TiZr) and Ti-Niobium (TiNb). The morphology, chemical analysis, surface roughness, and contact angle measurements of the alloys were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), profilometer, and contact angle goniometer, respectively whereas the biological properties of the materials were evaluated by measuring the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells on the surfaces of these alloys. Our results indicate that the biological properties of osteoblasts were better on TiZr surface than on TiNb surface. Furthermore, the surface energy and substrate composition influenced the superior biological activity of the TiZr alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Sista
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
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Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) loaded nanoparticles mixed with human mesenchymal stem cell in fibrin hydrogel for bone tissue engineering. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 108:530-7. [PMID: 19914589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent tissue engineering efforts have been focused on the use of natural or synthetic matrices which combine the characteristics of biodegradable properties with those of protein delivery vehicles, allowing for implanted cell actions and enhanced tissue regeneration. The principal objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of ectopic bone formation in a three-dimensional fibrin construct mixed with bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) loaded in nano-carriers for the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The results of our evaluation showed that the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs embedded in the fibrin construct was affected significantly by the stimulation of growth factors loaded in nanoparticles. When the osteoinduction activity of hMSCs in fibrin construct was evaluated in an in vitro test followed by RT-PCR, real time-QPCR, Western blotting, histological and immunohistochemical examinations, significant homogeneous bone formation was observed histologically throughout the fibrin construct containing the growth factor (BMP-2) loaded into the nanoparticles. With the above detection techniques, the BMP-2-loaded nanoparticles encapsulated in fibrin constructs evidenced more potent effects of hMSCs on bone regeneration as compared to the control or BMP-2 loaded fibrin constructs without nanoparticles. In the current study, we conclude that fibrin constructs containing BMP-2 loaded nanoparticles will be a promising method by which bone regeneration can be enhanced.
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Despang F, Bernhardt A, Lode A, Hanke T, Handtrack D, Kieback B, Gelinsky M. Response of human bone marrow stromal cells to a novel ultra-fine-grained and dispersion-strengthened titanium-based material. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:1006-13. [PMID: 19800426 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel titanium-based material, containing no toxic or expensive alloying elements, was compared to the established biomaterials: commercially pure titanium (c.p.Ti) and Ti6Al4V. This material (Ti/1.3HMDS) featured similar hardness, yield strength and better wear resistance than Ti6Al4V, as well as better electrochemical properties at physiological pH7.4 than c.p.Ti grade 1 of our study. These excellent properties were obtained by utilizing an alternative mechanism to produce a microstructure of very fine titanium silicides and carbides (<100 nm) embedded in an ultra-fine-grained Ti matrix (365 nm). The grain refinement was achieved by high-energy ball milling of Ti powder with 1.3 wt.% of hexamethyldisilane (HMDS). The powder was consolidated by spark plasma sintering at moderate temperatures of 700 degrees C. The microstructure was investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and correlated to the mechanical properties. Fluorescence microscopy revealed good adhesion of human mesenchymal stem cells on Ti/1.3HMDS comparable to that on c.p.Ti or Ti6Al4V. Biochemical analysis of lactate dehydrogenase and specific alkaline phosphatase activities of osteogenically induced hMSC exhibited equal proliferation and differentiation rates in all three cases. Thus the new material Ti/1.3HMDS represents a promising alternative to the comparatively weak c.p.Ti and toxic elements containing Ti6Al4V.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Despang
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Strasse 27, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
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You L, Temiyasathit S, Coyer SR, García AJ, Jacobs CR. Bone Cells Grown on Micropatterned Surfaces are More Sensitive to Fluid Shear Stress. Cell Mol Bioeng 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-008-0017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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