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Yang KR, Hong MH. Improved Biocompatibility and Osseointegration of Nanostructured Calcium-Incorporated Titanium Implant Surface Treatment (XPEED ®). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2707. [PMID: 38893971 PMCID: PMC11173531 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Surface treatment of implants facilitates osseointegration, with nanostructured surfaces exhibiting accelerated peri-implant bone regeneration. This study compared bone-to-implant contact (BIC) in implants with hydroxyapatite (HA), sand-blasted and acid-etched (SLA), and SLA with calcium (Ca)-coated (XPEED®) surfaces. Seventy-five disk-shaped grade 4 Ti specimens divided into three groups were prepared, with 16 implants per group tested in New Zealand white rabbits. Surface characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), digital microscopy, and a contact angle analyzer. Cell viability, proliferation, and adhesion were assessed using MC3T3-E1 cells. Apatite formation was evaluated using modified simulated body fluid (m-SBF) incubation. After 4 weeks of healing, the outcomes reviewed were BIC, bone area (BA), removal torque tests, and histomorphometric evaluation. A microstructure analysis revealed irregular pores across all groups, with the XPEED group exhibiting a nanostructured Ca-coated surface. Surface characterization showed a crystalline CaTiO3 layer on XPEED surfaces, with evenly distributed Ca penetrating the implants. All surfaces provided excellent environments for cell growth. The XPEED and SLA groups showed significantly higher cell density and viability with superior osseointegration than HA (p < 0.05); XPEED exhibited the highest absorbance values. Thus, XPEED surface treatment improved implant performance, biocompatibility, stability, and osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ran Yang
- Daegu Mir Dental Hospital, Jung-gu, Daegu 41934, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-Ho Hong
- Department of Dental Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, 57 Oryundae-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea
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Makary C, Menhall A, Lahoud P, An HW, Park KB, Traini T. Nanostructured Calcium-Incorporated Surface Compared to Machined and SLA Dental Implants-A Split-Mouth Randomized Case/Double-Control Histological Human Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:357. [PMID: 36678110 PMCID: PMC9866326 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Implant surface topography is a key element in achieving osseointegration. Nanostructured surfaces have shown promising results in accelerating and improving bone healing around dental implants. The main objective of the present clinical and histological study is to compare, at 4 and 6 weeks, (w) bone-to-implant contact in implants having either machined surface (MAC), sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched implant surface (SLA) medium roughness surface or a nanostructured calcium-incorporated surface (XPEED®). Methods: 35 mini-implants of 3.5 × 8.5 mm with three different surface treatments (XPEED® (n = 16)—SLA (n = 13)—MAC (n = 6), were placed in the posterior maxilla of 11 patients (6 females and 5 males) then, retrieved at either 4 or 6w in a randomized split-mouth study design. Results: The BIC rates measured at 4w and 6w respectively, were: 16.8% (±5.0) and 29.0% (±3.1) for MAC surface; 18.5% (±2.3) and 33.7% (±3.3) for SLA surface; 22.4% (±1.3) and 38.6% (±3.2) for XPEED® surface. In all types of investigated surfaces, the time factor appeared to significantly increase the bone to implant contact (BIC) rate (p < 0.05). XPEED® surface showed significantly higher BIC values when compared to both SLA and MAC values at 4w (p < 0.05). Also, at 6w, both roughened surfaces (SLA and XPEED®) showed significantly higher values (p < 0.05) than turned surface (MAC). Conclusions: Nanostructured Calcium titanate coating is able to enhance bone deposition around implants at early healing stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Makary
- Oral Surgery Department, Saint Joseph University, Beirut P.O. Box 1104-2020, Lebanon
| | - Abdallah Menhall
- Oral Surgery Department, Saint Joseph University, Beirut P.O. Box 1104-2020, Lebanon
| | - Pierre Lahoud
- Oral Surgery Department, Saint Joseph University, Beirut P.O. Box 1104-2020, Lebanon
| | - Hyun-Wook An
- Department of Dental Science, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Bum Park
- Daegu Mir Dental Hospital, Jung-gu, Daegu 41934, Republic of Korea
| | - Tonino Traini
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Sun X, Yu X, Li W, Chen M, Liu D. Fabrication and characterization of biodegradable zinc matrix composites reinforced by uniformly dispersed beta-tricalcium phosphate via graphene oxide-assisted hetero-agglomeration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 130:112431. [PMID: 34702516 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of biodegradable Zn matrix composites has been considered a promising approach to achieving enhanced mechanical properties, controllable degradation rate, good biocompatibility, and good osseointegration as orthopedic implants. However, scant literature regarding Zn matrix composites has been reported because of the great difficulty in dispersing the nano-sized bioactive reinforcements uniformly within the Zn matrix. In the present study, a novel and effective method were employed to obtain Zn matrix composites reinforced by uniformly dispersed beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) via graphene oxide (GO)-assisted hetero-agglomeration and subsequent spark plasma sintering process. A very low-content (0.04 vol%) few-layered GO was used as a coupling reagent to connect the Zn matrix and nano-sized TCP particles. In an appropriate polarity solvent, the negatively charged GO sheets could combine with both the positively charged Zn powder and TCP particles by electrostatic attraction and charge neutralization. Due to the nature of hetero-agglomeration, the flexible GO sheet could adhere to the large Zn powder and attracted a certain amount of TCP particles to form a Zn/GO/TCP sandwich structure by charge neutralization thereby forming a uniform dispersion of TCP particles within Zn matrix. After the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process, the TCP particles incorporated with very thin ZnO layers (thickness of a few dozen nanometers) formed a homogeneous and unique 3D network-like distribution in as-sintered TCP/Zn composites. A unique "snap pea"-like structure was confirmed at the grain boundary of α-Zn grains, which consisted of the TCP particles as "pea" and thin ZnO layer as "pod". Due to the uniform dispersion of bioactive TCP particles and unique structure of the TCP incorporating grain boundary, as-sintered 3TCP/Zn matrix composites possessed yield strength (YS) of 140.8 ± 7.7 MPa, failure strain of 36.0 ± 2.8%, the moderate degradation rate of 19.1 ± 3.3 μm·y-1 and good cytocompatibility to MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, osteogenic differentiation activity evaluation revealed that the addition of TCP could significantly improve the expressions of the osteogenic differentiation-related gene (ALP) in MC3T3-E1 cells, thereby resulting in improved osteogenic capability. Therefore, biodegradable 3TCP/Zn matrix composites fabricated by GO-assisted hetero-agglomeration and subsequent SPS process could be a promising material as orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohao Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Xiao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Minfang Chen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Debao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300384, China.
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Bahraminasab M, Arab S, Ghaffari S. Osteoblastic cell response to Al 2O 3-Ti composites as bone implant materials. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2021; 12:247-259. [PMID: 35677667 PMCID: PMC9124877 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.2330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Alumina-titanium (Al2O3-Ti) composites with enhanced mechanical and corrosion properties have been recently developed for potential applications in orthopaedics and hard tissue replacements. However, before any clinical use, their interactions with biological environment must be examined. Methods: The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess the biocompatibility of three Al2O3-Ti composites having 25, 50, and 75 volume percentages of titanium. These materials were made by spark plasma sintering (SPS), and MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured onto the sample discs to evaluate the cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, mineralization, and adhesion. Furthermore, the apatite formation ability and wettability of the composites were analysed. Pure Ti (100Ti) and monolithic Al2O3 (0Ti) were also fabricated by SPS and biological characteristics of the composites were compared with them. Results: The results showed that cell viability to 75Ti (95.0%), 50Ti (87.3%), and 25Ti (63.9%) was superior when compared with 100Ti (42.7%). Pure Al2O3 also caused very high cell viability (89.9%). Furthermore, high cell proliferation was seen at early stage for 50Ti, while the cells exposed to 75Ti proliferated more at late stages. Cell differentiation was approximately equal between different groups, and increased by time. Matrix mineralization was higher on the composite surfaces rather than on 0Ti and 100Ti. Moreover, the cells adhered differently to the surfaces of different biomaterials where more spindle-shaped configuration was found on 100Ti, slightly enlarged cells with dendritic shape and early pseudopodia were observed on 75Ti, and more enlarged cells with long dendritic extensions were found on 0Ti, 25Ti, and 50Ti. The results of EDS analysis showed that both Ca and P deposited on the surfaces of all materials, after 20 days of immersion in SBF. Conclusion: Our in-vitro findings demonstrated that the 75Ti, 50Ti, and 25Ti composites have high potential to be used as load-bearing orthopedic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Bahraminasab
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Arab
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Somaye Ghaffari
- Department of Ceramics, Materials and Energy Research Center, P.O. Box 31787316, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
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Cai B, Tan P, Jiang N, Guo Z, Ay B, Li S, Hou Y, Li Y, You Y, Zhang L, Zhu S. Bioinspired Fabrication of Calcium-Doped TiP Coating with Nanofibrous Microstructure to Accelerate Osseointegration. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1641-1650. [PMID: 32426977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired by the morphology of osteoclast-resorbed bone surfaces, we prepared a calcium-doped titanium phosphate (Ca-TiP) coating, which consists of a nanofibrous network, on titanium (Ti) substrate via a simple two-step hydrothermal method, trying to mimic natural bone compositionally and microstructurally. The in vitro studies show that the Ca-TiP coating with synergistic features of nanofibrous biomimetic topography and surface chemistry could elicit intensively osteogenic behavior and responses including enhanced cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and up-regulated expression of bone-related genes, which inevitably benefit the formation of new bone and the quality of osseointegration. When the two control groups are compared in vivo, the significantly improved new bone formation in the early stage and the much stronger interfacial bonding with the surrounding bone for Ca-TiP coating suggest that Ca-TiP coating modified Ti implants hold great potential for orthopedic and dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianyun Cai
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Peijie Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhijun Guo
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Birol Ay
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Shujun Li
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yi Hou
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yubao Li
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yanjun You
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Songsong Zhu
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Nicolas-Silvente AI, Velasco-Ortega E, Ortiz-Garcia I, Monsalve-Guil L, Gil J, Jimenez-Guerra A. Influence of the Titanium Implant Surface Treatment on the Surface Roughness and Chemical Composition. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13020314. [PMID: 31936686 PMCID: PMC7014346 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The implant surface features affect the osseointegration process. Different surface treatment methods have been applied to improve the surface topography and properties. Trace of different elements may appear on the implant surface, which can modify surface properties and may affect the body’s response. The aim was to evaluate the roughness based on the surface treatment received and the amount and type of trace elements found. Ninety implants (nine different surface treatment) were evaluated. Roughness parameters were measured using white-light-interferometry (WLI). The arithmetical mean for Ra, Rq, Rt, and Rz of each implant system was calculated, and Fisher’s exact test was applied, obtaining Ra values between 0.79 and 2.89 µm. Surface chemical composition was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) at two times: as received by the manufacturer (AR) and after sputter-cleaning (SC). Traces of several elements were found in all groups, decreasing in favor of the Ti concentration after the sputter-cleaning. Within the limitations of this study, we can conclude that the surface treatment influences the roughness and the average percentage of the trace elements on the implant surface. The cleaning process at the implant surface should be improved by the manufacturer before assembling the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Nicolas-Silvente
- Associate Professor of Restorative Dentistry, Professor of Master in Mucogingival, Periodontal and Implant Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Eugenio Velasco-Ortega
- Professor of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults, Director of Master in Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivan Ortiz-Garcia
- Associate Professor of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults, Professor of Master in Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (I.O.-G.); (L.M.-G.); (A.J.-G.)
| | - Loreto Monsalve-Guil
- Associate Professor of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults, Professor of Master in Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (I.O.-G.); (L.M.-G.); (A.J.-G.)
| | - Javier Gil
- Chairman of Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Alvaro Jimenez-Guerra
- Associate Professor of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults, Professor of Master in Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (I.O.-G.); (L.M.-G.); (A.J.-G.)
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Nguyen TDT, Jang YS, Kim YK, Kim SY, Lee MH, Bae TS. Osteogenesis-Related Gene Expression and Guided Bone Regeneration of a Strontium-Doped Calcium-Phosphate-Coated Titanium Mesh. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6715-6724. [PMID: 33423489 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Guided bone regeneration using a perforated titanium membrane is actively used in oral and orthopedic surgeries to provide space for the subsequent filling of a new bone in the case of bone defects and to achieve proper bone augmentation and reconstruction. The surface modification of a titanium membrane using a strontium-substituted calcium phosphate coating has become a popular trend to provide better bioactivity and biocompatibility on the membrane for improving the bone regeneration because strontium can stimulate not only the differentiation of osteoblasts but also inhibit the differentiation of osteoclasts. The strontium-doped calcium phosphate coating on the titanium mesh was formed by the cyclic precalcification method, and its effects on bone regeneration were evaluated by in vitro analysis of osteogenesis-related gene expression and in vivo evaluation of osteogenesis of the titanium mesh using the rat calvarial defect model in this study. It was identified that the strontium-doped calcium phosphate-treated mesh showed a higher expression of all genes related to osteogenesis in the osteoblast cells and resulted in new bone formation with better osseointegration with the mesh in the rat calvarial defect, in comparison with the results of untreated and calcium phosphate-treated meshes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Duong Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen Street, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Yong-Seok Jang
- Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Plus Project, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Plus Project, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Seo-Young Kim
- Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Plus Project, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Plus Project, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Bae
- Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Plus Project, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
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Park JW, Hanawa T, Chung JH. The relative effects of Ca and Mg ions on MSC osteogenesis in the surface modification of microrough Ti implants. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5697-5711. [PMID: 31413570 PMCID: PMC6662177 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s214363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) ions have been used as promising bioactive ions in the surface chemistry modification of titanium (Ti) bone implants to increase bone regeneration capacity. However, it is not clear which (Ca or Mg) plays the more important role in the early osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) when applied to the surface of commercially available microstructured Ti implants. This study investigated the relative effect of these two ions on the early osteogenic functionality of primary mouse bone marrow MSCs in order to obtain insights into the surface design of Ti implants with enhanced early osteogenic capacity. Methods and results Wet chemical treatment was performed to modify a microrough Ti implant surface using Ca or Mg ions. Both the Ca and Mg-incorporated surfaces accelerated early cellular events and the subsequent osteogenic differentiation of MSCs compared with an unmodified microrough Ti surface. Surface Mg modification exhibited a more potent osteoblast differentiation-promoting effect than the Ca modification. Surface Mg incorporation markedly inhibited the phosphorylation of β-catenin. Conclusion These results indicate that alteration of the surface chemistry of microstructured Ti implants by wet chemical treatment with Mg ions exerts a more effect on promoting the early osteogenic differentiation of MSCs than Ca ions by enhancing early cellular functions, including focal adhesion development and stabilization of intracellular β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Takao Hanawa
- Department of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Jong-Hyuk Chung
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Effect of calcium ions on peptide adsorption at the aqueous rutile titania (110) interface. Biointerphases 2018; 13:06D403. [PMID: 30180596 DOI: 10.1116/1.5046531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
How the presence of Ca2+ ions at the aqueous TiO2 interface influences the binding modes of two experimentally identified titania-binding peptides, Ti-1 and Ti-2, is investigated using replica exchange with solute tempering molecular dynamics simulations. The findings are compared with available experimental data, and the results are contrasted with those obtained under NaCl solution conditions. For Ti-1, Ca2+ ions enhance the adsorption of the negatively charged Asp8 residue in this sequence to the negatively charged surface, via Asp–Ca2+–TiO2 bridging. This appears to generate a nonlocal impact on the adsorption of Lys12 in Ti-1, which then pins the peptide to the surface via direct surface contact. For Ti-2, fewer residues were predicted to adsorb directly to the surface in CaCl2, compared with predictions made for NaCl solution, possibly due to competition between the other peptide residues and Ca2+ ions to adsorb to the surface. This reduction in direct surface contact gives rise to a more extensive solvent-mediated contact for Ti-2. In general, the presence of Ca2+ ions resulted in a loss of conformational diversity of the surface-adsorbed conformational ensembles of these peptides, compared to counterpart data predicted for NaCl solution. The findings provide initial insights into how peptide–TiO2 interactions might be tuned at the molecular level via modification of the salt composition of the liquid medium.
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Effect of Uniaxial Tensile Cyclic Loading Regimes on Matrix Organization and Tenogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Encapsulated within 3D Collagen Scaffolds. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6072406. [PMID: 29375625 PMCID: PMC5742457 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6072406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells have become a popular cell choice for tendon repair strategies due to their relative abundance, ease of isolation, and ability to differentiate into tenocytes. In this study, we investigated the solo effect of different uniaxial tensile strains and loading frequencies on the matrix directionality and tenogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells encapsulated within three-dimensional collagen scaffolds. Samples loaded at 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% strains and 0.1 Hz and 1 Hz frequencies for 2 hours/day over a 7-day period using a custom-built uniaxial tensile strain bioreactor were characterized in terms of matrix organization, cell viability, and musculoskeletal gene expression profiles. The results displayed that the collagen fibers of the loaded samples exhibited increased matrix directionality with an increase in strain values. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that ASC-encapsulated collagen scaffolds loaded at 2% strain and 0.1 Hz frequency showed significant increases in extracellular matrix genes and tenogenic differentiation markers. Importantly, no cross-differentiation potential to osteogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic lineages was observed at 2% strain and 0.1 Hz frequency loading condition. Thus, 2% strain and 0.1 Hz frequency were identified as the appropriate mechanical loading regime to induce tenogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells cultured in a three-dimensional environment.
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11
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Elsaadany M, Winters K, Adams S, Stasuk A, Ayan H, Yildirim-Ayan E. Equiaxial Strain Modulates Adipose-derived Stem Cell Differentiation within 3D Biphasic Scaffolds towards Annulus Fibrosus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12868. [PMID: 28993681 PMCID: PMC5634474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation is the most important factor leading to chronic low back pain and subsequent disability after discectomy. Efficacious annulus fibrosus (AF) repair strategy that delivers cells and biologics to IVD injury site is needed to limit the progression of disc degeneration and promote disc self-regeneration capacities after discectomy procedures. In this study, a biphasic mechanically-conditioned scaffold encapsulated with human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) is studied as a potential treatment strategy for AF defects. Equiaxial strains and frequencies were applied to ASCs-encapsulated scaffolds to identify the optimal loading modality to induce AF differentiation. Equiaxial loading resulted in 2–4 folds increase in secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and the reorganization of the matrix fibers and elongations of the cells along the load direction. Further, the equiaxial load induced region-specific differentiation of ASCs within the inner and outer regions of the biphasic scaffolds. Gene expression of AF markers was upregulated with 5–30 folds within the equiaxially loaded biphasic scaffolds compared to unstrained samples. The results suggest that there is a specific value of equiaxial strain favorable to differentiate ASCs towards AF lineage and that ASCs-embedded biphasic scaffold can potentially be utilized to repair the AF defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayla Winters
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Adams
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Alexander Stasuk
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Halim Ayan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Eda Yildirim-Ayan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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Yang DH, Yoon SJ, Lee DW. Preparation and Evaluation of Dexamethasone (DEX)/Growth and Differentiation Factor-5 (GDF-5) Surface-Modified Titanium Using β-Cyclodextrin-Conjugated Heparin (CD-Hep) for Enhanced Osteogenic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081695. [PMID: 28771196 PMCID: PMC5578085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most ideal implant models in the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation involve the improvement of osseointegration with host bone. Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. The results showed that implant surfaces were successfully modified with DEX and/or GDF-5, and had rough surfaces along with hydrophilicity. DEX, GDF-5 or DEX/GDF-5 on the surface-modified samples were rapidly released within one day and released for 28 days in a sustained manner. The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on DEX/GDF-5–Ti showed noticeable ALP activity and calcium deposition in vitro. Active bone formation and strong osseointegration occurred at the interface between DEX/GDF-5–Ti and host bone, as evaluated by micro computed-tomography (micro CT) analysis. Surface modification using DEX/GDF-5 could be a good method for advanced implants for orthopaedic and dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyeok Yang
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Sun-Jung Yoon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
| | - Deok-Won Lee
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Korea.
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Yang DH, Moon SW, Jang G, Park K, Yoo Y, Lee DW. Surface modification of titanium with β-CD/polydopamine for a controlled release of lovastatin, and its effect on the enhanced osteogenic activity. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Evaluation of the osseointegration of dental implants coated with calcium carbonate: an animal study. Int J Oral Sci 2017; 9:133-138. [PMID: 28452375 PMCID: PMC5709541 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to overcome the limitations of titanium in dental and orthopaedic clinical applications, a new method has been developed to prepare calcium carbonate coatings on sandblasted and acid-etched (SA) titanium implants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of calcium carbonate-SA (CC-SA) implants on osseointegration in vivo. The surfaces of SA and CC-SA implants were characterised for surface morphology and surface chemistry. Subsequently, these two kinds of implants were implanted in the femoral condyles of rabbits. The implants were retrieved and prepared for histological and histomorphometric evaluation 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after implantation. Significantly higher values of bone-to-implant contact of the entire implant except the gap area (BIC_ALL) and the bone-to-implant contact of the gap area (BIC_GAP) were found in animals with the CC-SA implants than in those with the SA implants at 4 weeks. Higher values of total gap bone were found in those with the CC-SA implants than in those with the SA implants at 1, 2 and 4 weeks. In conclusion, the current findings demonstrate that the calcium carbonate coating can improve and accelerate the early ingrowth of bone and osseointegration at the early healing phase. This may reduce clinical healing times and thus improve implant success rates.
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Won S, Huh YH, Cho LR, Lee HS, Byon ES, Park CJ. Cellular Response of Human Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Titanium Surfaces Implanted with Calcium and Magnesium Ions. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:123-131. [PMID: 30603469 PMCID: PMC6171587 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface characteristics and cellular response to titanium surfaces that had been implanted with calcium and magnesium ions using plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID) were evaluated. Three different titanium surfaces were analyzed: a resorbable blast media (RBM) surface (blasted with hydroxyapatite grit), a calcium ion-implanted surface, and a magnesium ion-implanted surface. The surface characteristics were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface roughness testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on the 3 different surfaces. Initial cell attachment was evaluated by SEM, and cell proliferation was determined using MTT assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to quantify osteoblastic gene expression (i.e., genes encoding RUNX2, type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin). Surface analysis did not reveal any changes in surface topography after ion implantation. AES revealed that magnesium ions were present in deeper layers than calcium ions. The calcium ion- and magnesium ion-implanted surfaces showed greater initial cell attachment. Investigation of cell proliferation revealed no significant difference among the groups. After 6 days of cultivation, the expression of RUNX2 was higher in the magnesium ion-implanted surface and the expression of osteocalcin was lower in the calcium ion-implanted surface. In conclusion, ion implantation using the PIIID technique changed the surface chemistry without changing the topography. Calcium ion- and magnesium ion-implanted surfaces showed greater initial cellular attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Won
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Jukheongil 7, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 26403 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hyuk Huh
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Jukheongil 7, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 26403 Republic of Korea
| | - Lee-Ra Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Jukheongil 7, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 26403 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Su Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon-do, 26403 Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Sun Byon
- Materials Processing Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondaero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Jin Park
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Jukheongil 7, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 26403 Republic of Korea
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16
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Yang DH, Moon SW, Lee DW. Surface Modification of Titanium with BMP-2/GDF-5 by a Heparin Linker and Its Efficacy as a Dental Implant. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010229. [PMID: 28124978 PMCID: PMC5297858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). The two growth factors were coated onto Ti with a smooth surface using their specific interaction with heparin, because they have heparin binding sites in their molecular structures. Efficacy of the two growth factor-coated Ti for enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration was compared to pristine Ti, and hBMP-2- and hGDF-5-coated Ti in vivo. The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. The initial burst of hBMP-2, hGDF-5, and their combination, occurred within one day of the release study, resulting in 12.5%, 4.5%, and 13.5%/3.2%, and then there was a sustained, even release of these two growth factors from the coated metal for 30 days. In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. In vivo animal tests using ten white New Zealand rabbits showed that the two growth factor-coated Ti enhanced bone formation and osseointegration at the interface between the implants and host bone. In addition, histological evaluation showed that bone remodeling, including bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts, actively occurred between the two growth factor-coated Ti and host bone. Consequently, it is suggested that Ti surface modification with the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 for the two growth factor-coated Ti implants can improve the clinical properties of implants for orthopedic and dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyeok Yang
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Sang Woong Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02454, Korea.
| | - Deok-Won Lee
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, #892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Korea.
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Kim HS, Kim YJ, Jang JH, Park JW. Surface Engineering of Nanostructured Titanium Implants with Bioactive Ions. J Dent Res 2016; 95:558-65. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034516638026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface nanofeatures and bioactive ion chemical modification are centrally important in current titanium (Ti) oral implants for enhancing osseointegration. However, it is unclear whether the addition of bioactive ions definitively enhances the osteogenic capacity of a nanostructured Ti implant. We systematically investigated the osteogenesis process of human multipotent adipose stem cells triggered by bioactive ions in the nanostructured Ti implant surface. Here, we report that bioactive ion surface modification (calcium [Ca] or strontium [Sr]) and resultant ion release significantly increase osteogenic activity of the nanofeatured Ti surface. We for the first time demonstrate that ion modification actively induces focal adhesion development and expression of critical adhesion–related genes (vinculin, talin, and RHOA) of human multipotent adipose stem cells, resulting in enhanced osteogenic differentiation on the nanofeatured Ti surface. It is also suggested that fibronectin adsorption may have only a weak effect on early cellular events of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at least in the case of the nanostructured Ti implant surface incorporating Sr. Moreover, results indicate that Sr overrides the effect of Ca and other important surface factors (i.e., surface area and wettability) in the osteogenesis function of various MSCs (derived from human adipose, bone marrow, and murine bone marrow). In addition, surface engineering of nanostructured Ti implants using Sr ions is expected to exert additional beneficial effects on implant bone healing through the proper balancing of the allocation of MSCs between adipogenesis and osteogenesis. This work provides insight into the future surface design of Ti dental implants using surface bioactive ion chemistry and nanotopography.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.-S. Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Y.-J. Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J.-H. Jang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J.-W. Park
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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18
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Shen X, Ma P, Hu Y, Xu G, Xu K, Chen W, Ran Q, Dai L, Yu Y, Mu C, Cai K. Alendronate-loaded hydroxyapatite-TiO2 nanotubes for improved bone formation in osteoporotic rabbits. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:1423-1436. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01956g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alendronate-loaded hydroxyapatite-TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated for locally improving new bone formation at the bone–implant interface in osteoporotic rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Pingping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Gaoqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Kui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Weizhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Qichun Ran
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Yonglin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Caiyun Mu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
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19
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Park JW, Kang DG, Hanawa T. New bone formation induced by surface strontium-modified ceramic bone graft substitute. Oral Dis 2015; 22:53-61. [PMID: 26458092 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed the effect of surface strontium ion (Sr) modification on the osteogenic activity of an osteoconductive ceramic bone graft substitute with the hope of using the bone healing effect of Sr for potential application in periodontal and maxillofacial regenerative surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A simple wet chemical treatment was employed to deliver Sr to the surface of particulate porcine bone graft. The osteogenic activity of surface Sr-modified bone substitute was compared in vitro and in vivo with that of unmodified ceramic bone, other clinically available synthetic bone or osteoinductive allograft bone. RESULTS The resultant bone substitute showed the formation of Sr-containing microstructured surface layer along with the formation of additional nanostructures and displayed sustained Sr release. Sr modification promoted the osteogenic differentiation of bipotential ST2 stem cells. Sr-modified bone substitute increased the amount of newly formed bone at early healing period in calvarial defect of rabbits. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the surface Sr modification by wet chemical treatment is a promising approach to enhance the early bone healing capacity of osteoconductive ceramic bone substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-W Park
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - D-G Kang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - T Hanawa
- Department of Metals, Institute of Biomaterials & Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical & Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Ha SW, Jang HL, Nam KT, Beck GR. Nano-hydroxyapatite modulates osteoblast lineage commitment by stimulation of DNA methylation and regulation of gene expression. Biomaterials 2015; 65:32-42. [PMID: 26141836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the primary structural component of the skeleton and dentition. Under biological conditions, HA does not occur spontaneously and therefore must be actively synthesized by mineralizing cells such as osteoblasts. The mechanism(s) by which HA is actively synthesized by cells and deposited to create a mineralized matrix are not fully understood and the consequences of mineralization on cell function are even less well understood. HA can be chemically synthesized (HAp) and is therefore currently being investigated as a promising therapeutic biomaterial for use as a functional scaffold and implant coating for skeletal repair and dental applications. Here we investigated the biological effects of nano-HAp (10 × 100 nm) on the lineage commitment and differentiation of bone forming osteoblasts. Exposure of early stage differentiating osteoblasts resulted in dramatic and sustained changes in gene expression, both increased and decreased, whereas later stage osteoblasts were much less responsive. Analysis of the promoter region one of the most responsive genes, alkaline phosphatase, identified the stimulation of DNA methylation following cell exposure to nano-HAp. Collectively, the results reveal the novel epigenetic regulation of cell function by nano-HAp which has significant implication on lineage determination as well as identifying a novel potential therapeutic use of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Woo Ha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Lipids, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Hae Lin Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - George R Beck
- The Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Lipids, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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21
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Lee JW, Park JW, Khang D. Analysis of Osteoblast Differentiation on Polymer Thin Films Embedded with Carbon Nanotubes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129856. [PMID: 26076355 PMCID: PMC4468207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation can be modulated by variations in order of nanoscale topography. Biopolymers embedded with carbon nanotubes can cause various orders of roughness at the nanoscale and can be used to investigate the dynamics of extracellular matrix interaction with cells. In this study, clear relationship between the response of osteoblasts to integrin receptor activation, their phenotype, and transcription of certain genes on polymer composites embedded with carbon nanotubes was demonstrated. We generated an ultrathin nanocomposite film embedded with carbon nanotubes and observed improved adhesion of pre-osteoblasts, with a subsequent increase in their proliferation. The expression of genes encoding integrin subunits α5, αv, β1, and β3 was significantly upregulated at the early of time-point when cells initially attached to the carbon nanotube/polymer composite. The advantage of ultrathin nanocomposite film for pre-osteoblasts was demonstrated by staining for the cytoskeletal protein vinculin and cell nuclei. The expression of essential transcription factors for osteoblastogenesis, such as Runx2 and Sp7 transcription factor 7 (known as osterix), was upregulated after 7 days. Consequently, the expression of genes that determine osteoblast phenotype, such as alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, and osteocalcin, was accelerated on carbon nanotube embedded polymer matrix after 14 days. In conclusion, the ultrathin nanocomposite film generated various orders of nanoscale topography that triggered processes related to osteoblast bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- * E-mail: (J-WP); (DK)
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
- * E-mail: (J-WP); (DK)
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Subramanian G, Bialorucki C, Yildirim-Ayan E. Nanofibrous yet injectable polycaprolactone-collagen bone tissue scaffold with osteoprogenitor cells and controlled release of bone morphogenetic protein-2. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 51:16-27. [PMID: 25842103 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a nanofibrous, yet injectable orthobiologic tissue scaffold that is capable of hosting osteoprogenitor cells and controlling kinetic release profile of the encapsulated pro-osteogenic factor without diminishing its bioactivity over 21days. This innovative injectable scaffold was synthesized by incorporating electrospun and subsequently O2 plasma-functionalized polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers within the collagen type-I solution along with MC3T3-E1 cells (pre-osteoblasts) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2). Through changing the PCL nanofiber concentration within the injectable scaffolds, we were able to tailor the mechanical strength, protein retention capacity, bioactivity preservation, and osteoinductive potential of the scaffolds. The nanofibrous internal structure of the scaffold allowed us to use a low dose of BMP2 (200ng/ml) to achieve osteoblastic differentiation in in vitro culture. The osteogenesis capacity of the injectable scaffolds were evaluated though measuring MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation, ALP activity, matrix mineralization, and early- and late-osteoblast specific gene expression profiles over 21days. The results demonstrated that the nanofibrous injectable scaffold provides not only an osteoinductive environment for osteoprogenitor cells to differentiate, but also a suitable biomechanical and biochemical environment to act as a reservoir for osteogenic factors with controlled release profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Subramanian
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Callan Bialorucki
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Eda Yildirim-Ayan
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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SASAKI K, HAYASHI T, ASAKURA M, ANDO M, KAWAI T, BAN S. Improving biocompatibility of zirconia surface by incorporating Ca ions. Dent Mater J 2015; 34:336-44. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2014-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke SASAKI
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Tatsuhide HAYASHI
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Masaki ASAKURA
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Masahiko ANDO
- Department of Gerodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Tatsushi KAWAI
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Seiji BAN
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
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Harini D, Indra R, Rajaram A, Rama R. Induction of osteoblast differentiation in human adipose derived stem cells by lanthanum ions. J RARE EARTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(14)60186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Shabani I, Haddadi-Asl V, Soleimani M, Seyedjafari E, Hashemi SM. Ion-exchange polymer nanofibers for enhanced osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and ectopic bone formation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:72-82. [PMID: 24328219 DOI: 10.1021/am404500c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanofibrous scaffolds with specific modifications have shown promising potential for bone tissue engineering applications. In the present study, poly(ether sulfone) (PES) and sulfonated PES (SPES) nanofibers were fabricated via electrospinning. Calcium ions were then incorporated in SPES by immersion in a Ca(OH)2 solution. The calcium-ion-exchanged SPES (Ca-SPES), PES, and SPES nanofibers were characterized and then evaluated for their osteogenic capacity: both in vitro using stem cell culture and in vivo after subcutaneous implantation in mice. After 7 days of immersion in simulated body fluid, the formation of an apatite layer was only observed on Ca-SPES nanofibers. According to the MTT results, an increasing stem cell population was detected on all scaffolds during the period of study. Using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium content assays, it was demonstrated that the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells was higher on Ca-SPES scaffolds in comparison with PES and SPES nanofibers. Interestingly, Ca-SPES scaffolds were shown to induce ectopic bone formation after 12 weeks of subcutaneous implantation in mice. This was confirmed by mineralization and the production of collagen fibers using van Kossa and Masson's trichrome staining, respectively. Taken together, it was demonstrated that the incorporation of calcium ions into the ion-exchange nanofibrous scaffolds not only gives them the ability to enhance osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro but also to induce ectopic bone formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Shabani
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology , Tehran, Iran
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26
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Huang R, Han Y, Lu S. Enhanced osteoblast functions and bactericidal effect of Ca and Ag dual-ion implanted surface layers on nanograined titanium alloys. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:4531-4543. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Park JB, Jang YJ, Koh M, Choi BK, Kim KK, Ko Y. In Vitro Analysis of the Efficacy of Ultrasonic Scalers and a Toothbrush for Removing Bacteria from Resorbable Blast Material Titanium Disks. J Periodontol 2013; 84:1191-8. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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The effect of surface treatment of titanium with sand-blasting/acid-etching or hydroxyapatite-coating and application of bone morphogenetic protein-2 on attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells derived from buccal fat pad. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-013-0011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Oliveira NCM, Moura CCG, Zanetta-Barbosa D, Mendonça DBS, Cooper L, Mendonça G, Dechichi P. Effects of titanium surface anodization with CaP incorporation on human osteoblastic response. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:1958-62. [PMID: 23498218 PMCID: PMC4504235 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated whether anodization with calcium phosphate (CaP) incorporation (Vulcano®) enhances growth factors' secretion, osteoblast-specific gene expression, and cell viability, when compared to acid etched surfaces (Porous®) and machined surfaces (Screw®) after 3 and 7days. Results showed significant cell viability for Porous and Vulcano at day 7, when compared with Screw (p=0.005). At the same time point, significant differences regarding runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) expression were found for all surfaces (p<0.05), but with greater fold induction for Porous and Vulcano. The secretion of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) was not significantly affected by surface treatment in any experimental time (p>0.05). Although no significant correlation was found for growth factors' secretion and Runx2 expression, a significant positive correlation between this gene and ALP/BSP expression showed that their strong association is independent on the type of surface. The incorporation of CaP affected the biological parameters evaluated similar to surfaces just acid etched. The results presented here support the observations that roughness also may play an important role in determining cell response.
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Park JW, Kim YJ, Jang JH, Song H. Positive modulation of osteogenesis- and osteoclastogenesis-related gene expression with strontium-containing microstructured Ti implants in rabbit cancellous bone. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:298-306. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Fu DL, Jiang QH, He FM, Yang GL, Liu L. Fluorescence microscopic analysis of bone osseointegration of strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite implants. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2012; 13:364-71. [PMID: 22556174 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite (Sr-HA) on bone osseointegration of the implants using fluorescence microscopy. We allocated 20 implants to two groups: Sr-HA group and HA group. Electrochemically deposited HA and Sr-HA coatings were applied onto the implants separately. All the implants were inserted into femur bone of rabbits. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride, alizarin-complexon, and calcein green were respectively administered 7, 28, and 46 d after the implantation. After eight weeks, femurs were retrieved and prepared for the fluorescence microscopy observation. We analyzed the bone mineral apposition rates (MARs), bone area ratios (BARs), and bone to implant contact (BIC) of the two groups. Fluorescence microscopic observation showed that all groups exhibited extensive early peri-implant bone formation. The MAR of the Sr-HA group was greater than that for pure HA from 7 to 28 d after implantation, but no significant difference was found at later stage. And the BIC showed difference at 7 and 28 d compared with pure HA. We concluded that Sr-HA coating can improve the bone osseointegration of the implant in the early stage compared with the HA coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-li Fu
- Department of General Dentistry, Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Khang D, Choi J, Im YM, Kim YJ, Jang JH, Kang SS, Nam TH, Song J, Park JW. Role of subnano-, nano- and submicron-surface features on osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5997-6007. [PMID: 22632766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Subnano, nano and sub-micron surface features can selectively activate integrin receptors and induce osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Although it is widely accepted that nanoscale titanium surface roughness may promote differentiation of various osteoblast lineages, there has been no clear report on the threshold dimension of surface features and the optimized dimensions of surface features for triggering integrin activation and stem cell differentiation. This study systematically controlled titanium surface features from the sub-nano to sub-micron scales and investigated the corresponding effects on stem cell responses, such as integrin activation, cyclins, key transcriptional genes of osteoblast differentiation and osteoblastic phenotype genes. Surface features with sub-nano surface dimensions were insufficient to increase integrin activation compared to pure nanoscale titanium surface features. Although both pure nanoscale and nano-submicron hybrid scales of titanium surface features were sufficient for activating integrin-ligand proteins interactions through the α integrin subunits, only nano-submicron hybrid titanium surface features significantly accelerated subsequent osteoblast differentiation of primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells after 2 weeks. In addition, live cell analysis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on transparent titanium demonstrated rapid cytoskeletal re-organization on the nanoscale surface features, which ultimately induced higher expression of osteoblast phenotype genes after 3 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Khang
- School of Nano & Advanced Materials Engineering and Center for PRC and RIGET, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea.
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Park JW, Kim YJ, Jang JH, Suh JY. Surface characteristics and primary bone marrow stromal cell response of a nanostructured strontium-containing oxide layer produced on a microrough titanium surface. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:1477-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lee SY, Yang DJ, Yeo S, An HW, Ryoo KH, Park KB. The cytocompatibility and osseointegration of the Ti implants with XPEED® surfaces. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 23:1283-9. [PMID: 22093072 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated cytocompatibility and osseointegration of the titanium (Ti) implants with resorbable blast media (RBM) surfaces produced by grit-blasting or XPEED(®) surfaces by coating of the nanostructured calcium. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ti implants with XPEED(®) surfaces were hydrothermally prepared from Ti implants with RBM surfaces in a solution containing alkaline calcium. The surface characteristics were evaluated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and surface roughness measuring system. Apatite formation was measured with SEM after immersion in modified-simulated body fluid and the amount of calcium released was measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission. The cell proliferation was investigated by MTT assay and the cell attachment was evaluated by SEM in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. Thirty implants with RBM surfaces and 30 implants with XPEED(®) surfaces were placed in the proximal tibiae and in the femoral condyles of 10 New Zealand White rabbits. The osseointegration was evaluated by a removal torque test in the proximal tibiae and by histomorphometric analysis in the femoral condyles 4 weeks after implantation. RESULTS The Ti implants with XPEED(®) surfaces showed a similar surface morphology and surface roughness to those of the Ti implants with RBM surfaces. The amount of calcium ions released from the surface of the Ti implants with XPEED(®) surfaces was much more than the Ti implants with RBM surfaces (P < 0.05). The cell proliferation and cell attachment of the Ti implants showed a similar pattern to those of the Ti implants with RBM surfaces (P > 0.1). Apatite deposition significantly increased in all surfaces of the Ti implants with XPEED(®) surfaces. The removable torque value (P = 0.038) and percentage of bone-to-implant contact (BIC%) (P = 0.03) was enhanced in the Ti implants with XPEED(®) surfaces. CONCLUSION The Ti implants with XPEED(®) surfaces significantly enhanced apatite formation, removal torque value, and the BIC%. The Ti implants with XPEED(®) surfaces may induce strong bone integration by improving osseointegration of grit-blasted Ti implants in areas of poor quality bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Biobusiness, Megagen Implant, Gyeongsan si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
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Bone healing of commercial oral implants with RGD immobilization through electrodeposited poly(ethylene glycol) in rabbit cancellous bone. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:3222-9. [PMID: 21549863 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization of RGD peptides on titanium (Ti) surfaces enhances implant bone healing by promoting early osteoblastic cell attachment and subsequent differentiation by facilitating integrin binding. Our previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of RGD peptide immobilization on Ti surfaces through the electrodeposition of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (RGD/PEG/Ti), which exhibited good chemical stability and bonding. The RGD/PEG/Ti surface promoted differentiation and mineralization of pre-osteoblasts. This study investigated the in vivo bone healing capacity of the RGD/PEG/Ti surface for biomedical application as a more osteoconductive implant surface in dentistry. The RGD/PEG/Ti surface was produced on an osteoconductive implant surface, i.e. the grit blasted micro-rough surface of a commercial oral implant. The osteoconductivity of the RGD/PEG/Ti surface was compared by histomorphometric evaluation with an RGD peptide-coated surface obtained by simple adsorption in rabbit cancellous bone after 2 and 4 weeks healing. The RGD/PEG/Ti implants displayed a high degree of direct bone apposition in cancellous bone and achieved greater active bone apposition, even in areas of poor surrounding bone. Significant increases in the bone to implant contact percentage were observed for RGD/PEG/Ti implants compared with RGD-coated Ti implants obtained by simple adsorption both after 2 and 4 weeks healing (P<0.05). These results demonstrate that RGD peptide immobilization on a Ti surface through electrodeposited PEG may be an effective method for enhancing bone healing with commercial micro-rough surface oral implants in cancellous bone by achieving rapid bone apposition on the implant surface.
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Liu Y, Jiang T, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Tong H, Shen X, Wang Y. Evaluation of the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblast on a calcium carbonate coating on titanium surface. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yun HS, Park JW, Kim SH, Kim YJ, Jang JH. Effect of the pore structure of bioactive glass balls on biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:2651-60. [PMID: 21320647 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We prepared porous bioactive glass (BG) balls with various pore architectures using a modified version of a polymer templating technique which is generally used for the synthesis of mesoporous BG. Sol-gel derived porous BG is an excellent candidate as a graft material for bone tissue regeneration due to its good bone forming bioactivity and biodegradability. The biodegradability is largely related to the pore architecture and affects its biocompatibility. The pore architecture of the BG balls was controllable by changing the reaction time in chloroform. The relationship between the pore architecture of the BG balls and biocompatibility were studied using MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells in vitro and the rabbit calvarial model in vivo 8 weeks after implantation. The mesoporous BG balls (BG0) and porous BG beads with a hierarchical pore structure on the nano- to microscale (BG0.5 and BG2) showed a good cell proliferation response and differentiation behavior in vitro and in vivo without serious toxicity. These hierarchically porous structures also enhanced osteoconductivity. However, the existence of too many microscale pores in the BG balls (BG24) led to their rapid biodegradation and, consequently, to serious negative effects in vitro and in vivo. The pore architecture of the BG balls greatly influenced their biocompatibility, as well as bone formation, and should be carefully controlled when designing new materials for use in bioapplications. The porous BG balls with hierarchical pores on the nano- to microscale exhibit favorable biocompatibility in vitro and promise excellent potential applications in the field of biomaterials, such as tissue regeneration and drug storage.
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Variola F, Brunski J, Orsini G, de Oliveira PT, Wazen R, Nanci A. Nanoscale surface modifications of medically relevant metals: state-of-the art and perspectives. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:335-53. [PMID: 20976359 PMCID: PMC3105323 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00485e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Evidence that nanoscale surface properties stimulate and guide various molecular and biological processes at the implant/tissue interface is fostering a new trend in designing implantable metals. Cutting-edge expertise and techniques drawn from widely separated fields, such as nanotechnology, materials engineering and biology, have been advantageously exploited to nanoengineer surfaces in ways that control and direct these processes in predictable manners. In this review, we present and discuss the state-of-the-art of nanotechnology-based approaches currently adopted to modify the surface of metals used for orthopedic and dental applications, and also briefly consider their use in the cardiovascular field. The effects of nanoengineered surfaces on various in vitro molecular and cellular events are firstly discussed. This review also provides an overview of in vivo and clinical studies with nanostructured metallic implants, and addresses the potential influence of nanotopography on biomechanical events at interfaces. Ultimately, the objective of this work is to give the readership a comprehensive picture of the current advances, future developments and challenges in the application of the infinitesimally small to biomedical surface science. We believe that an integrated understanding of the in vitro and particularly of the in vivo behavior is mandatory for the proper exploitation of nanostructured implantable metals and, indeed, of all biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Variola
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5 (Canada)
- Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7 (Canada)
| | - John Brunski
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery PSRL, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 257 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, University of Marche, Via Tronto 10, 66026 Ancona (Italy)
| | - Paulo Tambasco de Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904 (Brazil)
| | - Rima Wazen
- Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7 (Canada)
| | - Antonio Nanci
- Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7 (Canada)
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Park CH, Lee CS, Kim YJ, Jang JH, Suh JY, Park JW. Improved pre-osteoblast response and mechanical compatibility of ultrafine-grained Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy. Clin Oral Implants Res 2010; 22:735-742. [PMID: 21121961 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metallic implantation materials having high yield strength, low elastic modulus, and non-cytotoxic alloying elements would be advantageous for the long-term stability of implants. This study assessed the surface and mechanical properties, and also in vitro osteoconductivity of ultrafine-grained (UFG) Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy produced by dynamic globularization without any severe deformation for future biomedical applications as an endosseous implant material. MATERIAL AND METHODS The surface characteristics and mechanical properties were investigated by orientation image microscopy, contact angle measurements, optical profilometry, and uniaxial tension tests. Mouse calvaria-derived pre-osteoblastic cell (MC3T3-E1) attachment, spreading, viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and quantitative analysis of osteoblastic gene expression on UFG Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy were compared with coarse-grained (CG) Ti-13Nb-13Zr and CG Ti-6Al-4V alloys. RESULTS Dynamic globularized Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy has an ultrafine grain size (0.3 μm) and an excellent combination of yield strength and elastic modulus compared with CG alloys, which displayed significantly lower water contact angles compared with CG alloys (P<0.05). The UFG and CG Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloys displayed significantly increased cellular attachment compared with CG Ti-6Al-4V alloy (P<0.05). The UFG Ti-13Nb-13Zr supported better cell spreading and more numerous focal adhesions. ALP activity (P<0.05) and mRNA expressions of the osteoblast transcription factor genes (osterix, Runx2) and marker gene for osteoblast differentiation (osteocalcin) were markedly increased in cells grown on the UFG substrate compared with CG substrates at early incubation timepoints. CONCLUSION Enhanced pre-osteoblast response to UFG Ti-13Nb-13Zr substrate is attributable to the non-cytotoxic alloying elements and the submicron scale grain size contributes to the superior surface hydrophilicity and abundant grain boundaries favorable for cell behavior. These findings indicate that dynamic globularized UFG Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy is promising for load-bearing endosseous implant material because of excellent mechanical and biological compatibilites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hee Park
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang, KoreaDepartment of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chong Soo Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang, KoreaDepartment of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang, KoreaDepartment of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Je-Hee Jang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang, KoreaDepartment of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jo-Young Suh
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang, KoreaDepartment of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang, KoreaDepartment of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Park JW, Kim YJ, Jang JH, Song H. Osteoblast response to magnesium ion-incorporated nanoporous titanium oxide surfaces. Clin Oral Implants Res 2010; 21:1278-87. [PMID: 20497442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.01944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the surface characteristics and in vitro osteoconductivity of a titanium (Ti) surface incorporated with the magnesium ions (Mg) produced by hydrothermal treatment for future application as an endosseous implant surface. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mg-incorporated Ti oxide surfaces were produced by hydrothermal treatment using Mg-containing solution on two different microstructured surfaces--abraded minimally rough (Ma) or grit-blasted moderately rough (RBM) samples. The surface characteristics were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, thin-film X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, optical profilometry, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cell attachment, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and quantitative analysis of osteoblastic gene expression on Ma, RBM, Mg-incorporated Ma (Mg), and Mg-incorporated grit-blasted (RBM/Mg) Ti surfaces were evaluated. RESULTS Hydrothermal treatment produced an Mg-incorporated Ti oxide layer with nanoporous surface structures. Mg-incorporated surfaces showed surface morphologies and surface roughness values almost identical to those of untreated smooth or micro-rough surfaces at the micron scale. ICP-AES analysis showed Mg ions released from treated surfaces into the solution. Mg incorporation significantly increased cellular attachment (P=0 at 0.5 h, P=0.01 at 1 h) on smooth surfaces, but no differences were found on micro-rough surfaces. Mg incorporation further increased ALP activity in cells grown on both smooth and micro-rough surfaces at 7 and 14 days of culture (P=0). Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed higher mRNA expressions of the osteoblast transcription factor gene (Dlx5), various integrins, and the osteoblast phenotype genes (ALP, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin) in cells grown on micro-rough (RBM) and Mg-incorporated (Mg and RBM/Mg) surfaces than those on Ma surfaces. Mg incorporation further increased the mRNA expressions of key osteoblast genes and integrins (α1, α2, α5, and β1) in cells grown on both the smooth and the micro-rough surfaces. CONCLUSION These results indicate that an Mg-incorporated nanoporous Ti oxide surface produced by hydrothermal treatment may improve implant bone healing by enhancing the attachment and differentiation of osteoblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
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Park JW, Kim HK, Kim YJ, Jang JH, Song H, Hanawa T. Osteoblast response and osseointegration of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy implant incorporating strontium. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:2843-51. [PMID: 20085830 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2009] [Revised: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the surface characteristics, in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of Ti-6Al-4V alloy implants incorporating strontium ions (Sr), produced by hydrothermal treatment using a Sr-containing solution, for future biomedical applications. The surface characteristics were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, thin-film X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, optical profilometry, contact angle and surface energy measurement and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Human osteoblast-like cell (MG63) attachment, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and quantitative analysis of osteoblastic gene expression on Sr-containing Ti-6Al-4V surfaces were compared with untreated Ti-6Al-4V surfaces. Fifty-six screw implants (28 control and 28 experimental) were placed in the tibiae and femoral condyles of seven New Zealand White rabbits. The osteoconductivity of Sr-containing Ti-6Al-4V implants was evaluated by removal torque testing and histomorphometric analysis after 4weeks implantation. Hydrothermal treatment produced a crystalline SrTiO(3) layer. ICP-MS analysis showed that Sr ions were released from treated surfaces into the solution. Significant increases in ALP activity (P=0.000), mRNA expressions of key osteoblast genes (osterix, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin), removal torque values (P<0.05) and bone-implant contact percentages (P<0.05) in both cortical and cancellous bone were observed for Sr-containing Ti-6Al-4V surfaces. The results indicate that the Sr-containing oxide layer produced by hydrothermal treatment may be effective in improving the osseointegration of Ti-6Al-4V alloy implants by enhancing differentiation of osteoblastic cells, removal torque forces and bone apposition in both cortical and cancellous bone.
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Makihira S, Shuto T, Nikawa H, Okamoto K, Mine Y, Takamoto Y, Ohara M, Tsuji K. Titanium immobilized with an antimicrobial peptide derived from histatin accelerates the differentiation of osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-E1. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:1458-1470. [PMID: 20480030 PMCID: PMC2871126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11041458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of titanium immobilized with a cationic antimicrobial peptide (JH8194) derived from histatin on the biofilm formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis and differentiation of osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1). The titanium specimens (Ti) were immobilized with JH8194, according to the method previously described. The colonization of P. gingivalis on JH8194-Ti was significantly lower than that on control- and blocking-Ti. JH8194-Ti enhanced the mRNA expressions of Runx2 and OPN, and ALPase activity in the MC3T3-E1, as compared with those of control- and blocking-Ti. These results, taken together, suggested the possibility that JH8194-Ti may be a potential aid to shorten the period of acquiring osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seicho Makihira
- Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; E-Mails:
(T.S.);
(H.N.);
(Y.M.);
(Y.T.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel.: +81-82-257-5622; Fax: +81-82-257-5797
| | - Takahiro Shuto
- Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; E-Mails:
(T.S.);
(H.N.);
(Y.M.);
(Y.T.)
| | - Hiroki Nikawa
- Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; E-Mails:
(T.S.);
(H.N.);
(Y.M.);
(Y.T.)
| | - Keishi Okamoto
- Toyo Advanced Technologies Co., LTD. 5-3-38, Ujina-Higashi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8501, Japan; E-Mail:
(K.O.)
| | - Yuichi Mine
- Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; E-Mails:
(T.S.);
(H.N.);
(Y.M.);
(Y.T.)
| | - Yuko Takamoto
- Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; E-Mails:
(T.S.);
(H.N.);
(Y.M.);
(Y.T.)
| | - Masaru Ohara
- Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; E-Mail:
(M.O.)
| | - Koichiro Tsuji
- Two cell Co. LTD., 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; E-Mail:
(K.T.)
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Park JW, Kim YJ, Jang JH. Enhanced osteoblast response to hydrophilic strontium and/or phosphate ions-incorporated titanium oxide surfaces. Clin Oral Implants Res 2010; 21:398-408. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Inoue M, Rodriguez AP, Takagi T, Katase N, Kubota M, Nagai N, Nagatsuka H, Inoue M, Nagaoka N, Takagi S, Suzuki K. Effect of a New Titanium Coating Material (CaTiO3-aC) Prepared by Thermal Decomposition Method on Osteoblastic Cell Response. J Biomater Appl 2009; 24:657-72. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328209340334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Titanium and hydroxyapatite (HA) are widely used as biomaterials for dental and medical applications. HA-coated titanium implants have excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, the adherence of HA film formed on titanium substrate is weak because of the lack of chemical interaction between HA and titanium. A solution to this problem is to form an intermediate film on titanium substrate, which provide excellent adherence to both titanium substrate and HA. We developed a novel biomaterial called calcium titanate-amorphous carbon (CaTiO3-aC) coating prepared by modified thermal decomposition method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of CaTiO 3-aC and HA coating (positive control), and Ti (negative control) on osteoblastic (MT3T3-E1) cell responses. An increased cellular proliferation was observed in CaTiO3-aC coating compared to HA coating. The maximum expressions of ALP activity, Col I and ALP mRNA were higher and achieved in shorter period of time in CaTiO3-aC coating compared to others. These results demonstrated that CaTiO3-aC promoted better cell attachment, cellular proliferation, and osteoblastic differentiation compared with HA. In conclusion, we suggested that CaTiO3-aC could be considered as an important candidate as a coating material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Inoue
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan,
| | - Andrea P. Rodriguez
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Tohru Takagi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Naoki Katase
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Midori Kubota
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan, Center of Oral Health Science, International Dental Hygienist College in Okayama, Motoyama Gakuin, 3-2-18 Daiku, Okayama 700-0913, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Masahisa Inoue
- Laboratory for Structure and Function, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University 180 Yamashiro-Cho Nishihamabouji, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagaoka
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shin Takagi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Suzuki
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
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45
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Park JW, Kim HK, Kim YJ, An CH, Hanawa T. Enhanced osteoconductivity of micro-structured titanium implants (XiVE S CELLplus™) by addition of surface calcium chemistry: a histomorphometric study in the rabbit femur. Clin Oral Implants Res 2009; 20:684-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Park JW, Jang JH, Lee CS, Hanawa T. Osteoconductivity of hydrophilic microstructured titanium implants with phosphate ion chemistry. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:2311-21. [PMID: 19332400 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the surface characteristics and bone response of titanium implants produced by hydrothermal treatment using H(3)PO(4), and compared them with those of implants produced by commercial surface treatment methods - machining, acid etching, grit blasting, grit blasting/acid etching or spark anodization. The surface characteristics were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, thin-film X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle measurement and stylus profilometry. The osteoconductivity of experimental implants was evaluated by removal torque testing and histomorphometric analysis after 6 weeks of implantation in rabbit tibiae. Hydrothermal treatment with H(3)PO(4) and subsequent heat treatment produced a crystalline phosphate ion-incorporated oxide (titanium oxide phosphate hydrate, Ti(2)O(PO(4))(2)(H(2)O)(2); TiP) surface approximately 5microm in thickness, which had needle-like surface microstructures and superior wettability compared with the control surfaces. Significant increases in removal torque forces and bone-to-implant contact values were observed for TiP implants compared with those of the control implants (p<0.001). After thorough cleaning of the implants removed during the removal torque testing, a considerable quantity of attached bone was observed on the surfaces of the TiP implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Metals, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
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Li X, Gao H, Uo M, Sato Y, Akasaka T, Abe S, Feng Q, Cui F, Watari F. Maturation of osteoblast-like SaoS2 induced by carbon nanotubes. Biomed Mater 2008; 4:015005. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/4/1/015005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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48
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Okauchi-Yabuuchi M, Tamamura R, Nagaoka N, Takagi S, Kishimoto E, Takagi T, Rodriguez A, Inoue M, Nagatsuka H, Akao M, Nagai N. Chemical Analysis of a Novel Coating Material, CaTiO3-aC. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2008. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.17.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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