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Effects of mechanical force on proliferation and apoptosis of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5205-5213. [PMID: 35441898 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to explore the effects of mechanical force on the proliferation, apoptosis, and morphology of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous tooth pulp (SHEDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Caries-free stranded deciduous teeth were extracted, and SHEDs were isolated through enzymatic digestion. The cultured SHEDs were subjected to different levels of mechanical stimuli (0, 100, 200, and 300 g) for 7 days (30 min/day) using external centrifugal force. Cell proliferation was evaluated with the CCK-8 assay, and the cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. The cell morphology was examined using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Cell proliferation assay showed no differences between the three stimulation groups and the control group in day 1 to day 3. From the 4th day, cell proliferation was significantly lower in the mechanical force groups than in the control group, but no significant difference was observed among the three mechanical force groups. Besides, there was no significant difference in cell apoptosis among the four groups for 7 days. On day 7 after stimulation, the SHEDs were shrunken, with significantly increased isochromosome in the nucleus and an increase in lysosomes. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical force can inhibit the proliferation and affect morphology of SHEDs, but it has no effect on cell apoptosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Mechanical force stimulation significantly inhibited cell proliferation of SHEDs. Mechanical force stimulation had no significant effect on cell apoptosis of SHEDs. The morphology and ultrastructure of SHEDs changed after mechanical force stimulation.
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Zhuang J, Lin S, Dong L, Cheng K, Weng W. Magnetically actuated mechanical stimuli on Fe 3O 4/mineralized collagen coatings to enhance osteogenic differentiation of the MC3T3-E1 cells. Acta Biomater 2018; 71:49-60. [PMID: 29550443 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli at the bone-implant interface are considered to activate the mechanotransduction pathway of the cell to improve the initial osseointegration establishment and to guarantee clinical success of the implant. However, control of the mechanical stimuli at the bone-implant interface still remains a challenge. In this study, we have designed a strategy of a magnetically responsive coating on which the mechanical stimuli is controlled because of coating deformation under static magnetic field (SMF). The iron oxide nanoparticle/mineralized collagen (IOP-MC) coatings were electrochemically codeposited on titanium substrates in different quantities of IOPs and distributions; the resulting coatings were verified to possess swelling behavior with flexibility same as that of hydrogel. The relative quantity of IOP to collagen and the IOP distribution in the coatings were demonstrated to play a critical role in mediating cell behavior. The cells present on the outer layer of the distributed IOP-MC (O-IOP-MC) coating with a mass ratio of 0.67 revealed the most distinct osteogenic differentiation activity being promoted, which could be attributed to the maximized mechanical stimuli with exposure to SMF. Furthermore, the enhanced osteogenic differentiation of the stimulated MC3T3-E1 cells originated from magnetically actuated mechanotransduction signaling pathway, embodying the upregulated expression of osteogenic-related and mechanotransduction-related genes. This work therefore provides a promising strategy for implementing mechanical stimuli to activate mechanotransduction on the bone-implant interface and thus to promote osseointegration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The magnetically actuated coating is designed to produce mechanical stimuli to cells for promoting osteogenic differentiation based on the coating deformation. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IOPs) were incorporated into the mineralized collagen coatings (MC) forming the composite coatings (IOP-MC) with spatially distributed IOPs, and the IOP-MC coatings with outer distributed IOPs (O-IOPs-MC) shows the maximized mechanical stimuli to cells with enhanced osteogenic differentiation under static magnetic field. The upregulated expression of the associated genes reveals that the enabled mechanotransduction signaling pathway is responsible for the promoted cellular osteogenic differentiation. This work therefore provides a promising strategy for implementing mechanical stimuli to activate mechanotransduction on the bone-implant interface to promote osseointegration.
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Zhou R, Huang Z, Liu X, Tong J, Ji W, Liu S, Zhu Q. Kinematics and load-sharing of an anterior thoracolumbar spinal reconstruction construct with PEEK rods: An in vitro biomechanical study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2016; 40:1-7. [PMID: 27756005 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyetheretherketone rod constructs provide adequate spinal stability. Kinematics and load sharing of anterior thoracolumbar reconstruction with polyetheretherketone rods under preload remains unknown. METHODS Eight human cadaveric specimens (T11-L3) were subjected to a pure moment of 5.0Nm in flexion-extension, lateral bending and axial rotation, and flexion-extension with a compressive preload of 300N. An anterior reconstruction of L1 corpectomy was conducted with a surrogate bone graft and anterior rod constructs (polyetheretherketone or titanium rods). An axial load-cell was built in the surrogate bone graft to measure the compressive force in the graft. Range of motion, neutral zone and compressive force in the graft were compared between constructs. FINDINGS The polyetheretherketone rod construct resulted in more motion than the titanium rod construct, particularly in extension (P=0.011) and axial rotation (P=0.001), but less motion than the intact in all directions except in axial rotation. There was no difference in range of motion or neutral zone between constructs in flexion-extension under preload. The polyetheretherketone rod construct kept the graft compressed 52N which was similar to the titanium rod construct (63N), but allowed the graft compressed more under the preload (203N vs. 123N, P=0.003). The compressive forces fluctuated in flexion-extension without preload, but increased in flexion and decreased in extension under preload. INTERPRETATION The polyetheretherketone rod construct allowed more motion compared to the titanium rod construct, but provided stability in flexion and lateral bending without preload, and flexion and extension under preload. The anterior graft shared higher load under preload, particularly for the polyetheretherketone rod construct. The results of this study suggest that rigidity of rods in the anterior reconstruction affects kinematic behavior and load sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruozhou Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Spine Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tong
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Spine Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheting Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingan Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Prado RFD, de Oliveira FS, Nascimento RD, de Vasconcellos LMR, Carvalho YR, Cairo CAA. Osteoblast response to porous titanium and biomimetic surface: In vitro analysis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 52:194-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Runa MJ, Mathew MT, Fernandes MH, Rocha LA. First insight on the impact of an osteoblastic layer on the bio-tribocorrosion performance of Ti6Al4V hip implants. Acta Biomater 2015; 12:341-351. [PMID: 25448346 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In uncemented Ti6Al4V hip implants, the bone-stem interface is subjected to cyclic loading motion driven by the daily activities of the patients, which may lead to the complete failure of the implant in the long term. It may also compromise the proliferation and differentiation processes of osteoblastic cells (bone-forming cells). The main objective of this work is to approach for the first time the role of these organic materials on the bio-tribocorrosion mechanisms of cultured Ti6Al4V alloys. The colonized materials with MG63 osteoblastic-like cells were characterized through cell viability/proliferation and enzymatic activity. Tribocorrosion tests were performed under a reciprocating sliding configuration and low contact pressure. Electrochemical techniques were used to measure the corrosion kinetics of the system, under free potential conditions. All tests were performed at a controlled atmosphere. The morphology and topography of the wear scar were evaluated. The results showed that the presence of an osteoblastic cell layer on the implant surface significantly influences the tribocorrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy. It was concluded that the cellular material was able to form an extra protective layer that inhibits further wear degradation of the alloy and decreases its corrosion tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Runa
- Center for Mechanical and Materials Technologies (CT2M), Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Azurem, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nano-Medicine (IBTN), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - M T Mathew
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nano-Medicine (IBTN), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - M H Fernandes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculdade de Medicina Dentaria, Universidade do Porto (FMDUP), 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
| | - L A Rocha
- Center for Mechanical and Materials Technologies (CT2M), Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Azurem, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nano-Medicine (IBTN), Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Faculdade de Ciências de Bauru, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 17033-360 Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Kroustalli A, Kotsikoris V, Karamitri A, Topouzis S, Deligianni D. Mechanoresponses of human primary osteoblasts grown on carbon nanotubes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1038-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kroustalli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Aeronautics, Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering; University of Patras; Patras Greece
| | - V. Kotsikoris
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology; University of Patras; Patras Greece
| | - A. Karamitri
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology; University of Patras; Patras Greece
| | - S. Topouzis
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology; University of Patras; Patras Greece
| | - D. Deligianni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Aeronautics, Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering; University of Patras; Patras Greece
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Mechanical stress stimulates the osteo/odontoblastic differentiation of human stem cells from apical papilla via erk 1/2 and JNK MAPK pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:494378. [PMID: 24826377 PMCID: PMC4009119 DOI: 10.1155/2014/494378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) are a potent candidate for the apexogenesis/apexification due to their multiple differentiation capacity. During the orthodontic treatment of developing teeth, SCAPs in vivo are usually subjected to the cyclic stress induced by compression forces. However, it remains unclear whether mechanical stress can affect the proliferation and differentiation of human SCAPs. RESULTS Human SCAPs were isolated and stimulated by 200 g mechanical stimuli for 30 min and their proliferation and differentiation capacity were evaluated in vitro at different time points. MTT and FCM results demonstrated that cell proliferation was enhanced, while TEM findings showed the morphological and ultrastructural changes in stress-treated SCAPs. ALP activity and mineralization capacity of stress-treated SCAPs were upregulated . In the meantime, higher odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation were found in stress-treated SCAPs by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot, as indicated by the expression of related markers at both mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, the protein expressions of pJNK and pERK MAPK pathways were upregulated. CONCLUSION Together, these findings suggest that mechanical stress is an important factor affecting the proliferation and differentiation of SCAPs via the activation of ERK and JNK signaling pathway.
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Zhang X, Duyck J, Vandamme K, Naert I, Carmeliet G. Ultrastructural characterization of the implant interface response to loading. J Dent Res 2014; 93:313-8. [PMID: 24389808 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513518345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic loading can affect the bone surrounding implants. For ultrastructural exploration of the peri-implant tissue response to dynamic loading, titanium implants were installed in rat tibiae, in which one implant was loaded while the contralateral served as the unloaded control. The loaded implants received stimulation either within 24 hrs after implantation (immediate loading) or after a 28-day healing period (delayed loading) for 4, 7, 14, 21, or 28 days. The samples were processed for histology and gene expression quantification. Compared with the unloaded control, bone-to-implant contact increased significantly by immediate loading for 28 days (p < .05), but not in case of delayed loading. No effect of loading was observed on the bone formation in the implant thread areas, on the blood vessel area, and on endosteal callus formation. Loading during healing (immediate) for 7 days induced, relative to the unloaded control, a 2.3-fold increase of Runx2 in peri-implant cortical bone (p < .01) without a change in the RANKL/Opg ratio. Loading after healing (delayed) for 7 days up-regulated Runx2 (4.3-fold, p < .01) as well as Opg (22.3-fold, p < .05) compared with the unloaded control, resulting in a significantly decreased RANKL/Opg ratio. These results indicate a stimulating effect of dynamic loading on implant osseointegration when applied during the healing phase. In addition, gene expression analyses revealed molecular adaptations favoring bone formation and, at the same time, affecting bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT Research Cluster & Prosthetic Dentistry, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Spyropoulou A, Basdra EK. Mechanotransduction in bone: Intervening in health and disease. World J Exp Med 2013; 3:74-86. [DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v3.i4.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction has been proven to be one of the most significant variables in bone remodeling and its alterations have been shown to result in a variety of bone diseases. Osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, orthopedic disorders, osteopetrosis as well as hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism all comprise conditions which have been linked with deregulated bone remodeling. Although the significance of mechanotransduction for bone health and disease is unquestionable, the mechanisms behind this important process have not been fully understood. This review will discuss the molecules that have been found to be implicated in mechanotransduction, as well as the mechanisms underlying bone health and disease, emphasizing on what is already known as well as new molecules potentially taking part in conveying mechanical signals from the cell surface towards the nucleus under physiological or pathologic conditions. It will also focus on the model systems currently used in mechanotransduction studies, like osteoblast-like cells as well as three-dimensional constructs and their applications among others. It will also examine the role of mechanostimulatory techniques in preventing and treating bone degenerative diseases and consider their applications in osteoporosis, craniofacial development, skeletal deregulations, fracture treatment, neurologic injuries following stroke or spinal cord injury, dentistry, hearing problems and bone implant integration in the near future.
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The Comprehensive Biomechanics and Load-Sharing of Semirigid PEEK and Semirigid Posterior Dynamic Stabilization Systems. Adv Orthop 2013; 2013:745610. [PMID: 23984077 PMCID: PMC3747612 DOI: 10.1155/2013/745610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternatives to conventional rigid fusion have been proposed for several conditions related to degenerative disc disease when nonoperative treatment has failed. Semirigid fixation, in the form of dynamic stabilization or PEEK rods, is expected to provide compression under loading as well as an intermediate level of stabilization. This study systematically examines both the load-sharing characteristics and kinematics of these two devices compared to the standard of internal rigid fixators. Load-sharing was studied by using digital pressure films inserted between an artificially machined disc and two loading fixtures. Rigid rods, PEEK rods, and the dynamic stabilization system were inserted posteriorly for stabilization. The kinematics were quantified on ten, human, cadaver lumbosacral spines (L3-S1) which were tested under a pure bending moment, in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. The magnitude of load transmission through the anterior column was significantly greater with the dynamic device compared to PEEK rods and rigid rods. The contact pressures were distributed more uniformly, throughout the disc with the dynamic stabilization devices, and had smaller maximum point-loading (pressures) on any particular point within the disc. Kinematically, the motion was reduced by both semirigid devices similarly in all directions, with slight rigidity imparted by a lateral interbody device.
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Chen B, Li Y, Xie D, Yang X. Low-magnitude high-frequency loading via whole body vibration enhances bone-implant osseointegration in ovariectomized rats. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:733-9. [PMID: 22058045 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osseointegration is vital to avoid long-time implants loosening after implantation surgery. This study investigated the effect of low-magnitude high-frequency (LMHF) loading via whole body vibration on bone-implant osseointegration in osteoporotic rats, and a comparison was made between LMHF vibration and alendronate on their effects. Thirty rats were ovariectomized to induce osteoporosis, and then treated with LMHF vibration (VIB) or alendronate (ALN) or a control treatment (OVX). Another 10 rats underwent sham operation to establish Sham control group. Prior to treatment, hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated titanium implants were inserted into proximal tibiae bilaterally. Both LMHF vibration and alendronate treatment lasted for 8 weeks. Histomorphometrical assess showed that both group VIB, ALN and Sham significantly increased bone-to-implant contact and peri-implant bone fraction (p < 0.05) when compared with group OVX. Nevertheless the bone-to-implant contact and peri-implant bone fraction of group VIB were inferior to group ALN and Sham (p < 0.05). Biomechanical tests also revealed similar results in maximum push out force and interfacial shear strength. Accordingly, it is concluded that LMHF loading via whole body vibration enhances bone-to-implant osseointegration in ovariectomized rats, but its effectiveness is weaker than alendronate.
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Affiliation(s)
- BaiLing Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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