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Midha S, Jain KG, Bhaskar N, Kaur A, Rawat S, Giri S, Basu B, Mohanty S. Tissue-specific mesenchymal stem cell-dependent osteogenesis in highly porous chitosan-based bone analogs. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:303-319. [PMID: 33049125 PMCID: PMC7848378 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Among conventional fabrication techniques, freeze‐drying process has widely been investigated for polymeric implants. However, the understanding of the stem cell progenitor‐dependent cell functionality modulation and quantitative analysis of early osseointegration of highly porous scaffolds have not been explored. Here, we developed a novel, highly porous, multimaterial composite, chitosan/hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone (CHT/HA/PCL). The in vitro studies have been performed using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from three tissue sources: human bone marrow‐derived MSCs (BM‐MSCs), adipose‐derived MSCs (AD‐MSCs), and Wharton's jelly‐derived MSCs (WJ‐MSCs). Although cell attachment and metabolic activity [3‐4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2yl‐(2,5 diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazoliumbromide) assay] were ore enhanced in WJ‐MSC‐laden CHT/HA/PCL composites, scanning electron microscopy, real‐time gene expression (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], collagen type I [Col I], osteocalcin [OCN], and bone morphogenetic protein 4 [BMP‐4]), and immunostaining (COL I, β‐CATENIN, OCN, and SCLEROSTIN [SOST]) demonstrated pronounced osteogenesis with terminal differentiation on BM‐MSC‐laden CHT/HA/PCL composites only. The enhanced cell functionality on CHT/HA/PCL composites was explained in terms of interplay among the surface properties and the optimal source of MSCs. In addition, osteogenesis in rat tibial model over 6 weeks confirmed a better ratio of bone volume to the total volume for BM‐MSC‐laden composites over scaffold‐only and defect‐only groups. The clinically conformant combination of 3D porous architecture with pore sizes varying in the range of 20 to 200 μm together with controlled in vitro degradation and early osseointegration establish the potential of CHT/HA/PCL composite as a potential cancellous bone analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Midha
- Stem Cell Facility (Department of Biotechnology-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Krishan G Jain
- Stem Cell Facility (Department of Biotechnology-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitu Bhaskar
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Amtoj Kaur
- Stem Cell Facility (Department of Biotechnology-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonali Rawat
- Stem Cell Facility (Department of Biotechnology-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shibashish Giri
- Department of Cell Techniques and Applied Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Medical faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility (Department of Biotechnology-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Shahi M, Nadari M, Sahmani M, Seyedjafari E, Ahmadbeigi N, Peymani A. Osteoconduction of Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cells on an Electrospun Polylactic-Co-Glycolic Acid Scaffold Coated with Nanohydroxyapatite. Cells Tissues Organs 2018; 205:9-19. [PMID: 29414820 DOI: 10.1159/000485122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The limitation of traditional bone grafts could be overcome by applying engineered bone constructs, which are mainly produced by seeding suitable stem cells on appropriate scaffolds. So far, bone marrow-derived stromal cells have been the most applied cells in bone tissue engineering, but current data show that unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) from human cord blood might actually be a better stem cell source due to the accessibility and noninvasive procedure of collection. In this study, we cultured USSCs on a plasma-treated electrospun polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffold coated with nanohydroxyapatite (nHA). Adhesion and proliferation of USSCs on PLGA/nHA were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and MTT assay. Osteogenic differentiation of USSCs into osteoblast lineage cells was evaluated via alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our observation showed that USSCs attached and proliferated on PLGA/nHA. Osteogenic differentiation was confirmed by increased ALP activity and OSTEONECTIN expression in USSCs on PLGA/nHA after the 1st week of the osteogenic period. Therefore, using USSCs on electrospun PLGA/nHA is a promising approach in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Rodriguez Y Baena R, D'Aquino R, Graziano A, Trovato L, Aloise AC, Ceccarelli G, Cusella G, Pelegrine AA, Lupi SM. Autologous Periosteum-Derived Micrografts and PLGA/HA Enhance the Bone Formation in Sinus Lift Augmentation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:87. [PMID: 29021982 PMCID: PMC5623661 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinus lift augmentation is a procedure required for the placement of a dental implant, whose success can be limited by the quantity or quality of available bone. To this purpose, the first aim of the current study was to evaluate the ability of autologous periosteum-derived micrografts and Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) supplemented with hydroxyl apatite (HA) to induce bone augmentation in the sinus lift procedure. Secondly, we compared the micrograft's behavior with respect to biomaterial alone, including Bio-Oss® and PLGA/HA, commercially named Alos. Sinus lift procedure was performed on 24 patients who required dental implants and who, according to the study design and procedure performed, were divided into three groups: group A (Alos + periosteum-derived micrografts); group B (Alos alone); and group C (Bio-Oss® alone). Briefly, in group A, a small piece of periosteum was collected from each patient and mechanically disaggregated by Rigenera® protocol using the Rigeneracons medical device. This protocol allowed for the obtainment of autologous micrografts, which in turn were used to soak the Alos scaffold. At 6 months after the sinus lift procedure and before the installation of dental implants, histological and radiographic evaluations in all three groups were performed. In group A, where sinus lift augmentation was performed using periosteum-derived micrografts and Alos, the bone regeneration was much faster than in the control groups where it was performed with Alos or Bio-Oss® alone (groups B and C, respectively). In addition, the radiographic evaluation in the patients of group A showed a radio-opacity after 4 months, while after 6 months, the prosthetic rehabilitation was improved and was maintained after 2 years post-surgery. In summary, we report on the efficacy of periosteum-derived micrografts and Alos to augment sinus lift in patients requiring dental implants. This efficacy is supported by an increased percentage of vital mineralized tisssue in the group treated with both periosteum-derived micrografts and Alos, with respect to the control group of Alos or Bio-Oss® alone, as confirmed by histological analysis and radiographic evaluations at 6 months from treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Rodriguez Y Baena
- Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo D'Aquino
- Private Practice, Turin, Italy.,Human Brain Wave S.r.L., Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Graziano
- Human Brain Wave S.r.L., Turin, Italy.,Sbarro Health Research Organization (SHRO), Temple University of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Antonio C Aloise
- Department of Implantology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Centre for Health Technologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cusella
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Centre for Health Technologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - André A Pelegrine
- Department of Implantology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Saturnino M Lupi
- Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Jang HK, Kim BS. Modulation of stem cell differentiation with biomaterials. Int J Stem Cells 2014; 3:80-4. [PMID: 24855545 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2010.3.2.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of stem cells can be controlled with interactions with microenvironments of the stem cells. The interactions contain various signals including soluble growth factor signal, cell adhesion signal, and mechanical signal, which can modulate differentiation of stem cells. Biomaterials can provide these types of signals to induce desirable cellular differentiation. Biomaterials can deliver soluble growth factors locally to stem cells at a controlled rate for a long period. Stem cell adhesion to specific adhesion molecules presented by biomaterials can induce specific differentiation. Mechanical signals can be delivered to stem cells seeded onto biomaterial scaffolds. These approaches would be invaluable for direction of stem cell differentiation and in vivo tissue regeneration using stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ki Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea ; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Studies of bone morphogenetic protein-based surgical repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1277-91. [PMID: 22512928 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs) have been the most extensively studied and widely used osteoinductive agents for clinical bone repair. Since rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7 were cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for certain clinical uses, millions of patients worldwide have been treated with rhBMPs for various musculoskeletal disorders. Current clinical applications include treatment of long bone fracture non-unions, spinal surgeries, and oral maxillofacial surgeries. Considering the growing number of recent publications related to clincal research of rhBMPs, there exists enormous promise for these proteins to be used in bone regenerative medicine. The authors take this opportunity to review the rhBMP literature paying specific attention to the current applications of rhBMPs in bone repair and spine surgery. The prospective future of rhBMPs delivered in combination with tissue engineered scaffolds is also reviewed.
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Bieback K, Brinkmann I. Mesenchymal stromal cells from human perinatal tissues: From biology to cell therapy. World J Stem Cells 2010; 2:81-92. [PMID: 21607124 PMCID: PMC3097927 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v2.i4.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based regenerative medicine is of growing interest in biomedical research. The role of stem cells in this context is under intense scrutiny and may help to define principles of organ regeneration and develop innovative therapeutics for organ failure. Utilizing stem and progenitor cells for organ replacement has been conducted for many years when performing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Since the first successful transplantation of umbilical cord blood to treat hematological malignancies, non-hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations have recently been identified within umbilical cord blood and other perinatal and fetal tissues. A cell population entitled mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) emerged as one of the most intensely studied as it subsumes a variety of capacities: MSCs can differentiate into various subtypes of the mesodermal lineage, they secrete a large array of trophic factors suitable of recruiting endogenous repair processes and they are immunomodulatory.Focusing on perinatal tissues to isolate MSCs, we will discuss some of the challenges associated with these cell types concentrating on concepts of isolation and expansion, the comparison with cells derived from other tissue sources, regarding phenotype and differentiation capacity and finally their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bieback
- Karen Bieback, Irena Brinkmann, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, DRK-Blutspendedienst Baden-Württemberg - Hessen gGmbH, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
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