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Oungoulian SR, Hehir KE, Zhu K, Willis CE, Marinescu AG, Merali N, Ahmad CS, Hung CT, Ateshian GA. Effect of glutaraldehyde fixation on the frictional response of immature bovine articular cartilage explants. J Biomech 2013; 47:694-701. [PMID: 24332617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study examined functional properties and biocompatibility of glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine articular cartilage over several weeks of incubation at body temperature to investigate its potential use as a resurfacing material in joint arthroplasty. In the first experiment, treated cartilage disks were fixed using 0.02, 0.20 and 0.60% glutaraldehyde for 24h then incubated, along with an untreated control group, in saline for up to 28d at 37°C. Both the equilibrium compressive and tensile moduli increased nearly twofold in treated samples compared to day 0 control, and remained at that level from day 1 to 28; the equilibrium friction coefficient against glass rose nearly twofold immediately after fixation (day 1) but returned to control values after day 7. Live explants co-cultured with fixed explants showed no quantitative difference in cell viability over 28d. In general, no significant differences were observed between 0.20 and 0.60% groups, so 0.20% was deemed sufficient for complete fixation. In the second experiment, cartilage-on-cartilage frictional measurements were performed under a migrating contact configuration. In the treated group, one explant was fixed using 0.20% glutaraldehyde while the apposing explant was left untreated; in the control group both explants were left untreated. From day 1 to 28, the treated group exhibited either no significant difference or slightly lower friction coefficient than the untreated group. These results suggest that a properly titrated glutaraldehyde treatment can reproduce the desired functional properties of native articular cartilage and maintain these properties for at least 28d at body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevan R Oungoulian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristin E Hehir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaicen Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Callen E Willis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anca G Marinescu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natasha Merali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Clark T Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerard A Ateshian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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