1
|
Supe S, Upadhya A, Dighe V, Singh K. Development and Characterization of Modified Chitosan Lipopolyplex for an Effective siRNA Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:13. [PMID: 38191947 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxicity, speedy degradation, and limited cellular absorption are the foremost features influencing the successful delivery of RNAs. Chitosan (Cs) is a polymer that offers an advantage due to its bio-compatibility and biodegradable nature, making it an ideal polycationic vector for delivering siRNA. In this study, chitosan has been modified with arginine in order to increase its encapsulation of siRNA and improve cellular absorption. It was discovered that arginine and guanidino moieties could transport through membranes of cells and play an important part in membrane permeability. FTIR and 13C NMR were used to characterize the complex. These chitosan-arginine (CsAr) siRNA complexes are further encapsulated in anionic DPPC/cholesterol liposomes to combine the effects of liposome-chitosan-arginine complexes called lipopolyplexes (LCAr). Formed LCAr were investigated for their lipid/CsAr-siRNA ratios, size, zeta-potential, heparin, and serum RNase stability by agarose gel retardation, and cell uptake efficiency compared to their "parent" polyplexes. Results revealed complete lipidation of CsAr-siRNA polyplexes at lipid mass ratio 10 resulting in lipopolyplexes in the 120 to 230nm range. Polyplex entrapped ~70% of siRNA, whereas lipidation increases siRNA encapsulation to ~95%. Developed LCAr showed ~4 times less hemolytic potential as compared to the parent polyplexes at the highest siRNA dose. The CsAr-siRNA and its lipid-coated form showed enhanced cellular association as compared to the marketed Lipofectamine 2000 proving its effectiveness in siRNA delivery. CsAr-liposome conjugation is simple and safe, and serves as a robust carrier for gene transport in physiological situations without compromising transfection efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Supe
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Archana Upadhya
- Maharashtra Educational Society's H. K. College of Pharmacy, H. K. College Campus, Mumbai, 400102, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikas Dighe
- National Centre for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology ICMR, National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, J.M.Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kavita Singh
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, 400056, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Uner B, Dwivedi P, Ergin AD. Effects of arginine on coenzyme-Q10 micelle uptake for mitochondria-targeted nanotherapy in phenylketonuria. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:191-207. [PMID: 37555905 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare inherited metabolic disease characterized by phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme deficiency. In PKU patients, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels were found low. Therefore, we focused on the modification of CoQ10 to load the micelles and increase entry of micelles into the cell and mitochondria, and it is taking a part in ATP turnover. Micelles had produced by comparing two different production methods (thin-film layer and direct-dissolution), and characterization studies were performed (zeta potential, size, and encapsulation efficiency). Then, L-arginine (LARG) and poly-arginine (PARG) were incorporated with the micelles for subsequential release and PKU cell studies. The effects of these components on intracellular uptake and their use in the cellular cycle were analyzed by ELISA, Western blot, membrane potential measurement, and flow cytometry methods. In addition, both effects of LARG and PARG micelles on pharmacokinetics at the cellular level and their cell binding rate were determined. The thin-film method was found superior in micelle preparation. PARG/LARG-modified micelles showed sustained release. In the cellular and mitochondrial uptake of CoQ10, CoQ10-micelle + PARG > CoQ10-micelle + LARG > CoQ10-micelle > CoQ10 was found. This increased localization caused lowering of oxygen consumption rates, but maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential. The study results had showed that besides micelle formulation, PARG and LARG are effective in cellular and mitochondrial targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Uner
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Science and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA.
| | - Pankaj Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Science and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Ahmet Doğan Ergin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang L, Ren L, Zhao Y, Liu S, Wang H, Gao X, Niu B, Li W. Preparation and characterization of PVA/arginine chitosan/ZnO NPs composite films. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:184-193. [PMID: 36493927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, arginineated chitosan (ACS) was used as a soft brain membrane and chelating agent to synthesize ACS-ZnO NPs, and then ACS and ACS-ZnO NPs were added to a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix as an antimicrobial agent to form films by casting. The formation and structural morphology of ACS and ACS-ZnO NPs were investigated by applying FTIR, 1H NMR, XRD, EDS, SEM, and TEM techniques, and ACS has shown better water solubility. The cytotoxicity experiments of ACS and ACS-ZnO NPs on A549 cells showed that both had good cytocompatibility. The incorporation of ACS and ACS-ZnO NPs improves the composite film's mechanical properties, water barrier, and oxygen barrier and exhibits excellent antibacterial activities against S. aureus and E. coli. More importantly, in addition to extending the shelf life of cherry tomatoes, the composite film is also biodegradable to some degree. Therefore, polyvinyl alcohol films based on ACS and ACS-ZnO NPs added as antimicrobial agents have great potential for food packaging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Lixuan Ren
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Yanzhen Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Siqun Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Xianghua Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Baolong Niu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, PR China.
| | - Wenfeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dang PA, Palomino-Durand C, Elsafi Mabrouk M, Marquaille P, Odier C, Norvez S, Pauthe E, Corté L. Rational formulation design of injectable thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogels for cell encapsulation and delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118836. [PMID: 34893253 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a rational design of injectable thermosensitive chitosan systems for cell encapsulation and delivery. Using mixtures of two phosphate salts, beta-glycerophosphate and ammonium hydrogen phosphate, we demonstrate that the pH and the osmolarity can be adjusted separately by varying the molar ratios between the salts and the d-glucosamine monomers. We found the existence of a critical temperature above which gelation time decays following a power-law. This gelation kinetics can be finely tuned through the pH and salt-glucosamine ratios. Formulations having physiological pH and osmolarity were produced for chitosan concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 0.9 wt%. They remain liquid for more than 2 h at 20 °C and form a macroporous gel within 2 min at 37 °C. In vitro encapsulation of pre-osteoblastic cells and gingival fibroblasts showed homogeneous cell distribution and good cell viability up to 24 h. Such an approach provides a valuable platform to design thermosensitive cell-laden systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Anh Dang
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, C3M, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France; Équipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellule, ERRMECe, CY Cergy Paris Université, Maison Internationale de la Recherche, 1 rue Descartes, 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France
| | - Carla Palomino-Durand
- Équipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellule, ERRMECe, CY Cergy Paris Université, Maison Internationale de la Recherche, 1 rue Descartes, 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France
| | - Mohamed Elsafi Mabrouk
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, C3M, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Marquaille
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, C3M, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Clément Odier
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, C3M, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Norvez
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, C3M, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Pauthe
- Équipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellule, ERRMECe, CY Cergy Paris Université, Maison Internationale de la Recherche, 1 rue Descartes, 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France
| | - Laurent Corté
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, C3M, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France; Centre des Matériaux, MINES ParisTech, CNRS, PSL University, 63-65 rue Henri-Auguste Desbruères, 91003 Evry, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arginine-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles for topical arginine release in wounds. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Chu T, Sun L, Chen X, Zhang W, Zhang H, Han B, Chang J, Feng Y, Song F. Study on the transfection efficiency of chitosan-based gene vectors modified with poly-l-arginine peptides. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:2409-2420. [PMID: 32363745 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although in a series of studies, arginine peptides had shown the ability to promote the targeting delivery efficacy, the relationship between the transfection efficiency and the length of the poly-l-arginine chain had seldom been reported. This study was aimed to explore whether the chain length of poly-l-arginine grafted on chitosan had a great significance on the transfection efficiency of entering the cells. Herein, arginine and arginine peptide modified chitosan were synthesized as gene vectors (CS-Arg and CS-5Arg) and then the chemical structures were characterized by using 1 H NMR. The CS-Arg and CS-5Arg were combined with plasmids by electrostatic interactions to form stable particles. The morphology features, Zeta potentials, and buffering capacity of the complex particles were analyzed. Afterward, the combination ability with DNA and the protection ability to DNase I were studied, and the gene transfection efficiency and cellular uptake were investigated in vitro. The results showed that the gene transfection efficiency of the chitosan was significantly enhanced by arginine-graft modification. However, there were no significant differences between the CS-Arg and the CS-5Arg. The molecular simulation results indicated that the guanidine groups of grafted arginine were shielded by chitosan molecule and the guanidine groups contributed little to the gene transfection efficiency. The results demonstrated that the increased chain length of grafted arginine had no significantly enhanced effect on the transfection efficiency, which could provide convincing evidence for the construction and application of arginine and chitosan derivatives as gene vectors, and could promote the development of gene delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianjiao Chu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Le Sun
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wangwang Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Baoqin Han
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Chang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yilin Feng
- Qingdao Biotemed Biomaterials Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Fulai Song
- Qingdao Biotemed Biomaterials Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li A, Qiu J, Zhou B, Xu B, Xiong Z, Hao X, Shi X, Cao X. The gene transfection and endocytic uptake pathways mediated by PEGylated PEI-entrapped gold nanoparticles. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
8
|
Zhou Y, Han S, Liang Z, Zhao M, Liu G, Wu J. Progress in arginine-based gene delivery systems. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5564-5577. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00498g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arginine based gene delivery systems with enhanced membrane penetration and lower cytotoxicity greatly enrich the gene vectors library and outline a new development direction of gene delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Shuyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Zhiqing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Shenzhen Lansi Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Guiting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Raja MA, Arif M, Feng C, Zeenat S, Liu CG. Synthesis and evaluation of pH-sensitive, self-assembled chitosan-based nanoparticles as efficient doxorubicin carriers. J Biomater Appl 2017; 31:1182-1195. [PMID: 28081668 DOI: 10.1177/0885328216681184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel pH-responsive polymer based on amphiphilic N-acetyl histidine and arginine-grafted chitosan was synthesized using N-acetyl histidine as hydrophobic segment and arginine as hydrophilic segment by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide-mediated coupling reactions as anticancer drug delivery system for doxorubicin. The structure of the synthesized polymer was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Due to self-association behavior, N-acetyl histidine and arginine-grafted chitosan structured nanoparticles with in size range of 204 nm. N-acetyl histidine and arginine-grafted chitosan with different substitution degree of N-acetyl histidine were initially prepared and characterized. The critical micelle concentration decreased with increasing substitution degree of N-acetyl histidine. Furthermore, N-acetyl histidine and arginine-grafted chitosan nanoparticles exhibited an acidic pH-triggered aggregation and disassembling nature. The doxorubicin-encapsulated nanoparticles based on synthesized conjugate ( N-acetyl histidine and arginine-grafted chitosan/doxorubicin nanoparticles) showed a sustained drug release pattern, which could be hastened under acidic pH conditions but delayed with increasing substitution degree of N-acetyl histidine. Anticancer effects demonstrated that N-acetyl histidine and arginine-grafted chitosan/doxorubicin nanoparticles could suppress both sensitive and resistant human breast tumor cell line (MCF-7) efficiently in a dose- and time-dependent pattern. Confocal microscopy results evidenced increased cellular uptake and enhanced retention of the synthesized nanoparticles in drug-resistant cells demonstrating better efficacy of nanoparticles over native doxorubicin. These results suggest that N-acetyl histidine and arginine-grafted chitosan/doxorubicin nanoparticles might be promising carriers for delivery of hydrophobic drug doxorubicin against drug-resistant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Ali Raja
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Chao Feng
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Shah Zeenat
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu DY, Ma Y, Hou XS, Zhang WJ, Wang P, Chen H, Li B, Zhang C, Ding Y. Co-delivery of antineoplastic and protein drugs by chitosan nanocapsules for a collaborative tumor treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 157:1470-1478. [PMID: 27987858 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although combination delivery (co-delivery) shows much superiority in the defect compensation of single-agent therapy, the construction and application of co-delivery systems are still challenging, especially for protein-based joint systems. In this work, a series of chitosan (CS)-amino acid derivatives (Arg-CS, Lys-CS, and Phe-CS) with different degrees of substitution (DS) were synthesized to prepare CS nanocapsules (CNCs) using a simple emulsification method in the presence of linoleic acid (LA). The hydrophobic drug can be loaded in LA droplets, and a positively charged protein stabilized the optimized Arg-CS nanocapsules (Arg-CNCs) on their negative surfaces. The in vitro antitumor efficacy of Arg-CNCs co-delivering paclitaxel and recombinant human caspase-3 was evaluated in HeLa cells. The co-delivery system displayed much lower IC50 values and a higher percentage of apoptotic cells compared with the control groups. This system provides a promising and universal strategy for co-delivery, leading to collaborative tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ya Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu X, Mo Y, Liu X, Guo R, Zhang Y, Xue W, Zhang Y, Wang C, Ramakrishna S. Synthesis, characterisation and preliminary investigation of the haemocompatibility of polyethyleneimine-grafted carboxymethyl chitosan for gene delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:173-82. [PMID: 26952412 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of safe and efficient gene carriers is the key to the clinical success of gene therapy. In the present study, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) was prepared by chitosan (CS) alkalisation and carboxymethylation reactions. Then polyethyleneimine (PEI) was grafted to the backbone of CMCS by an amidation reaction. The CMCS-PEI copolymer showed strong complexation capability with DNA to form nanoparticles, and achieved lower cytotoxicity and higher transfection efficiency compared with PEI (25 kDa) towards 293T and 3T3 cells. Moreover, the haemocompatibility of the CMCS-PEI copolymer was investigated through the aggregation, morphology and lysis of human red blood cells (RBCs), along with the impact on the clotting function with activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thromboelastographic (TEG) assays. The results demonstrated that the CMCS-PEI copolymer with a concentration lower than 0.05 mg/mL had little impact on the aggregation, morphology or lysis of RBCs, or on blood coagulation. Therefore, the copolymer may be a strong alternative candidate as an effective and safe non-viral vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yunfei Mo
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Changyong Wang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moreno PMD, Santos JC, Gomes CP, Varela-Moreira A, Costa A, Leiro V, Mansur H, Pêgo AP. Delivery of Splice Switching Oligonucleotides by Amphiphilic Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:344-56. [PMID: 26702499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Splice switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) are a class of single-stranded antisense oligonucleotides (ssONs) being used as gene therapeutics and demonstrating great therapeutic potential. The availability of biodegradable and biocompatible delivery vectors that could improve delivery efficiencies, reduce dosage, and, in parallel, reduce toxicity concerns could be advantageous for clinical translation. In this work we explored the use of quaternized amphiphilic chitosan-based vectors in nanocomplex formation and delivery of splice switching oligonucleotides (SSO) into cells, while providing insights regarding cellular uptake of such complexes. Results show that the chitosan amphiphilic character is important when dealing with SSOs, greatly improving colloidal stability under serum conditions, as analyzed by dynamic light scattering, and enhancing cellular association. Nanocomplexes were found to follow an endolysosomal route with a long lysosome residence time. Conjugation of a hydrophobic moiety, stearic acid, to quaternized chitosan was a necessary condition to achieve transfection, as an unmodified quaternary chitosan was completely ineffective. We thus demonstrate that amphiphilic quaternized chitosan is a biomaterial that holds promise and warrants further development as a platform for SSO delivery strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M D Moreno
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto (UPorto) , Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , UPorto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joyce C Santos
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto (UPorto) , Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , UPorto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,CeNano2I, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, UFMG, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carla P Gomes
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto (UPorto) , Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , UPorto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Engenharia da UPorto (FEUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aida Varela-Moreira
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto (UPorto) , Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , UPorto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da UPorto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur Costa
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto (UPorto) , Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , UPorto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victoria Leiro
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto (UPorto) , Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , UPorto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Herman Mansur
- CeNano2I, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, UFMG, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana P Pêgo
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto (UPorto) , Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , UPorto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Engenharia da UPorto (FEUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS) , UPorto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nam JP, Nam K, Nah JW, Kim SW. Evaluation of Histidylated Arginine-Grafted Bioreducible Polymer To Enhance Transfection Efficiency for Use as a Gene Carrier. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2352-64. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joung-Pyo Nam
- Center
for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics
and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kihoon Nam
- Center
for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics
and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jae-Woon Nah
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- Center
for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics
and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nam JP, Nam K, Jung S, Nah JW, Kim SW. Evaluation of dendrimer type bio-reducible polymer as a siRNA delivery carrier for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2015; 209:179-85. [PMID: 25937533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA), 20-25 base pairs in length, can interfere with the expression of specific genes. Recently, many groups reported the therapeutic intervention of siRNA in various cancer cells. In this study, dendrimer type bio-reducible polymer (PAM-ABP) which was synthesized using arginine grafted bio-reducible poly(cystaminebisacrylamide-diaminohexane) (ABP) and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) was used to deliver anti-VEGF siRNA into cancer cell lines including human hepatocarcinoma (Huh-7), human lung adenocarcinoma (A549), and human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cells and access their potential as a siRNA delivery carrier for cancer therapy. PAM-ABP and siRNA formed polyplexes with average diameter of 116 nm and charge of around +24.6 mV. The siRNA in the PAM-ABP/siRNA polyplex was released by 5mM DTT and heparin. VEGF gene silencing efficiency of PAM-ABP/siRNA polyplexes was shown to be more effective than PEI/siRNA polyplexes in three cell lines with the following order HT1080>A549>Huh-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joung-Pyo Nam
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Kihoon Nam
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Simhyun Jung
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Jae-Woon Nah
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang L, Sun Y, Shi C, Li L, Guan J, Zhang X, Ni R, Duan X, Li Y, Mao S. Uptake, transport and peroral absorption of fatty glyceride grafted chitosan copolymer-enoxaparin nanocomplexes: influence of glyceride chain length. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3675-85. [PMID: 24814881 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to elucidate the influence of fatty glyceride chain length in chitosan copolymers on the peroral absorption of enoxaparin. First of all, a series of chitosan copolymers with glyceryl monocaprylate (GM8), glyceryl monolaurate (GM12) and glyceryl monostearate (GM18) as the hydrophobic part were synthesized. The structure of the copolymers was characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay demonstrated that all the copolymers were non-toxic. Enoxaparin nanocomplexes were prepared by self-assembly. Mucoadhesion of the nanocomplexes was characterized using the mucin particle method. Nanocomplex uptake and transport were quantified in Caco-2 cells and cellular localization was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Enoxaparin uptake was enhanced by nanocomplex formation, and was dependent on incubation time, concentration, temperature and glyceride chain length. The GM8 grafted chitosan-enoxaparin nanocomplex exhibited the strongest bioadhesion and the best uptake and transport in both cell culture and in vivo absorption in rats. The uptake mechanism was assumed to be adsorptive endocytosis via clathrin- and caveolae-mediated processes. In conclusion, oral absorption of enoxaparin can be further enhanced by using GM8 grafted chitosan copolymer as the carrier to form nanocomplexes.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang L, Li L, Sun Y, Ding J, Li J, Duan X, Li Y, Junyaprasert VB, Mao S. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan graft glyceryl monooleate as peroral delivery carrier of enoxaparin. Int J Pharm 2014; 471:391-9. [PMID: 24882036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper a novel copolymer, chitosan graft glyceryl monooleate (CS-GO) was synthesized and its potential as the nanocarrier for enhancing the peroral delivery of enoxaparin was studied systemically. The successful synthesis was characterized by (1)H NMR. Enoxaparin nanocomplexes were prepared by self-assembly. Mucoadhesive properties of the nanocomplexes were evaluated using mucin particle method. Uptake and transport of the nanocomplexes were investigated in Caco-2 cells. In vivo absorption was studied in rats. The therapeutic effects of the nanocomplexes were evaluated using pulmonary thromboembolism model in mice. This study demonstrated that compared to chitosan based system, hydrophobic modification of CS with GO enhanced the oral absorption of enoxaparin significantly, which is in good agreement with the enhanced mucoadhesion, cellular internalization and transport in cell culture. Cellular uptake of CS-GO based enoxaparin nanocomplexes was incubation time, enoxaparin concentration and incubation temperature dependent. The uptake mechanism was assumed to be adsorptive endocytosis via clathrin- and caveolae-mediated process. Its therapeutic efficacy was further demonstrated by pharmacodynamic study with pulmonary thromboembolism inhibition percentage 47.1%. In conclusion, CS-GO copolymer is a promising nanocarrier for enhancing the oral absorption of enoxaparin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yujiao Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaopin Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Varaporn B Junyaprasert
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Autthaya, Rajathavee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Shirui Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Malatesta M, Pellicciari C, Cisterna B, Costanzo M, Galimberti V, Biggiogera M, Zancanaro C. Tracing nanoparticles and photosensitizing molecules at transmission electron microscopy by diaminobenzidine photo-oxidation. Micron 2013; 59:44-51. [PMID: 24530364 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During the last three decades, diaminobenzidine photo-oxidation has been applied in a variety of studies to correlate light and electron microscopy. Actually, when a fluorophore is excited by light, it can induce the oxidation of diaminobenzidine into an electron-dense osmiophilic product, which precipitates in close proximity to the fluorophore, thereby allowing its ultrastructural detection. This method has very recently been developed for two innovative applications: tracking the fate of fluorescently labeled nanoparticles in single cells, and detecting the subcellular location of photo-active molecules suitable for photodynamic therapy. These studies established that the cytochemical procedures exploiting diaminobenzidine photo-oxidation represent a reliable tool for detecting, inside the cells, with high sensitivity fluorescing molecules. These procedures are trustworthy even if the fluorescing molecules are present in very low amounts, either inside membrane-bounded organelles, or at the surface of the plasma membrane, or free in the cytosol. In particular, diaminobenzidine photo-oxidation allowed elucidating the mechanisms responsible for nanoparticles internalization in neuronal cells and for their escape from lysosomal degradation. As for the photo-active molecules, their subcellular distribution at the ultrastructural level provided direct evidence for the lethal multiorganelle photo-damage occurring after cell photo-sensitization. In addition, DAB photo-oxidized samples are suitable for the ultrastructural detection of organelle-specific molecules by post-embedding gold immunolabeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Malatesta
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences (Anatomy and Histology Section), University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - C Pellicciari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani" (Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology), University of Pavia, Via A. Ferrata, 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - B Cisterna
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences (Anatomy and Histology Section), University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - M Costanzo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences (Anatomy and Histology Section), University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - V Galimberti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani" (Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology), University of Pavia, Via A. Ferrata, 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - M Biggiogera
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani" (Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology), University of Pavia, Via A. Ferrata, 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - C Zancanaro
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences (Anatomy and Histology Section), University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Park S, Jeong EJ, Lee J, Rhim T, Lee SK, Lee KY. Preparation and characterization of nonaarginine-modified chitosan nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
19
|
Casettari L, Vllasaliu D, Lam JK, Soliman M, Illum L. Biomedical applications of amino acid-modified chitosans: A review. Biomaterials 2012; 33:7565-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
20
|
Hu WW, Syu WJ, Chen WY, Ruaan RC, Cheng YC, Chien CC, Li C, Chung CA, Tsao CW. Use of biotinylated chitosan for substrate-mediated gene delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1587-99. [PMID: 22768969 DOI: 10.1021/bc300121y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To improve transfection efficiency of nonviral vectors, biotinylated chitosan was applied to complex with DNA in different N/P ratios. The morphologies and the sizes of formed nanoparticles were suitable for cell uptake. The biotinylation decreased the surface charges of nanoparticles and hence reduced the cytotoxicity. The loading capacities of chitosan were slightly decreased with the increase of biotinylation, but most of the DNA molecules were still complexed. Using different avidin-coated surfaces, the interaction between biotinylated nanoparticles to the substrate may be manipulated. The in vitro transfection results demonstrated that biotinylated nanoparticles may be bound to avidin coated surfaces, and the transfection efficiencies were thus increased. Through regulating the N/P ratio, biotinylation levels, and surface avidin, the gene delivery can be optimized. Compared to the nonmodified chitosan, biotinylated nanoparticles on biomaterial surfaces can increase their chances to contact adhered cells. This spatially controlled gene delivery improved the gene transfer efficiency of nonviral vectors and could be broadly applied to different biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wen Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Garcia-Fuentes M, Alonso MJ. Chitosan-based drug nanocarriers: Where do we stand? J Control Release 2012; 161:496-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
22
|
Malatesta M, Giagnacovo M, Costanzo M, Conti B, Genta I, Dorati R, Galimberti V, Biggiogera M, Zancanaro C. Diaminobenzidine photoconversion is a suitable tool for tracking the intracellular location of fluorescently labelled nanoparticles at transmission electron microscopy. Eur J Histochem 2012; 56:e20. [PMID: 22688301 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2012.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan-based nanoparticles (NPs) deserve particular attention as suitable drug carriers in the field of pharmaceutics, since they are able to protect the encapsulated drugs and/or improve their efficacy by making them able to cross biological barriers (such as the blood-brain barrier) and reach their intracellular target sites. Understanding the intracellular location of NPs is crucial for designing drug delivery strategies. In this study, fluorescently-labelled chitosan NPs were administered in vitro to a neuronal cell line, and diaminobenzidine (DAB) photoconversion was applied to correlate fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy to precisely describe the NPs intracellular fate. This technique allowed to demonstrate that chitosan NPs easily enter neuronal cells, predominantly by endocytosis; they were found both inside membrane-bounded vesicles and free in the cytosol, and were observed to accumulate around the cell nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Malatesta
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|