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Chen Q, Zou B, Wang X, Zhou X, Yang G, Lai Q, Zhao Y. SLA-3d printed building and characteristics of GelMA/HAP biomaterials with gradient porous structure. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 155:106553. [PMID: 38640694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Developing a gradient porous scaffold similar to bone structure is gaining increasing attention in bone tissue engineering. The GelMA/HAP hydrogel has demonstrated potential in bone repair. Although 3D printing can build GelMA/HAP with porous structure, fabricating porous GelMA/HAP with gradient porosity and pore size in one step remains challenging. In this paper, a gradient porous structure with controllable pore size, based on gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and hydxroxyapatite (HAP), was engineered and printed using stereolithography. Firstly, the GelMA and HAP were mixed to prepare a hydrogel with a solid content ranging from 10 wt% to 50 wt% for stereolithography. Taking advantage of the sol-gel characteristics of GelMA/HAP hydrogel, GelMA/HAP was fed on the workbench through a combination of extrusion and paving to form a thin layer. During the curing of each layer, the hydrogel exposed to the curing of a single UV beam immediately solidified, forming a highly interconnected porous structure. Additionally, the hydrogel outside the scanning range could be further polymerized to form a relatively dense structure due to the residual laser energy. Finally, without gradient structural design or changing printing parameters, the gradient porous structure of bone-like could be printed in a single-step process. By adjusting the curing parameters of the single UV beam and the concentration and size of ceramic in the hydrogel, the printed pore diameter of the spongy structure could be controlled within the range of 50-260 μm, while the thickness of the compact area could be adjusted within 130-670 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Chen
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education (Shandong University), PR China; Additive Manufacturing Research Center of Shandong University of National Engineering Research Center of Rapid Manufacturing, PR China
| | - Bin Zou
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education (Shandong University), PR China; Additive Manufacturing Research Center of Shandong University of National Engineering Research Center of Rapid Manufacturing, PR China.
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education (Shandong University), PR China; Additive Manufacturing Research Center of Shandong University of National Engineering Research Center of Rapid Manufacturing, PR China
| | - Xingguo Zhou
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education (Shandong University), PR China; Additive Manufacturing Research Center of Shandong University of National Engineering Research Center of Rapid Manufacturing, PR China
| | - Gongxian Yang
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education (Shandong University), PR China; Additive Manufacturing Research Center of Shandong University of National Engineering Research Center of Rapid Manufacturing, PR China
| | - Qingguo Lai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong Province, PR China; Research Center of 3D Printing in Stomatology of Shandong University, PR China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong Province, PR China; Research Center of 3D Printing in Stomatology of Shandong University, PR China
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Li J, Chen G, Xu X, Abdou P, Jiang Q, Shi D, Gu Z. Advances of injectable hydrogel-based scaffolds for cartilage regeneration. Regen Biomater 2019; 6:129-140. [PMID: 31198581 PMCID: PMC6547311 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is an important load-bearing tissue distributed on the surface of diarthrodial joints. Due to its avascular, aneural and non-lymphatic features, cartilage has limited self-regenerative properties. To date, the utilization of biomaterials to aid in cartilage regeneration, especially through the use of injectable scaffolds, has attracted considerable attention. Various materials, therapeutics and fabrication approaches have emerged with a focus on manipulating the cartilage microenvironment to induce the formation of cartilaginous structures that have similar properties to the native tissues. In particular, the design and fabrication of injectable hydrogel-based scaffolds have advanced in recent years with the aim of enhancing its therapeutic efficacy and improving its ease of administration. This review summarizes recent progress in these efforts, including the structural improvement of scaffolds, network cross-linking techniques and strategies for controlled release, which present new opportunities for the development of injectable scaffolds for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 8-684 Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xingquan Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Peter Abdou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 8-684 Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Dongquan Shi
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 8-684 Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Higa K, Kitamura N, Goto K, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, Kanaya F, Yasuda K. Effects of osteochondral defect size on cartilage regeneration using a double-network hydrogel. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:210. [PMID: 28532476 PMCID: PMC5440932 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been increased interest in one-step cell-free procedures to avoid the problems related to cell manipulation and its inherent disadvantages. We have studied the chondrogenic induction ability of a PAMPS/PDMAAm double-network (DN) gel and found it to induce chondrogenesis in animal osteochondral defect models. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the healing process and the degree of cartilage regeneration induced by the cell-free method using DN gel are influenced by the size of osteochondral defects. Methods A total of 63 mature female Japanese white rabbits were used in this study, randomly divided into 3 groups of 21 rabbits each. A 2.5-mm diameter osteochondral defect was created in the femoral trochlea of the patellofemoral joint of bilateral knees in Group I, a 4.3-mm osteochondral defect in Group II, and a 5.8-mm osteochondral defect in Group III. In the right knee of each animal, a DN gel plug was implanted so that a vacant space of 2-mm depth was left above the plug. In the left knee, we did not conduct any treatment to obtain control data. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 12 weeks after surgery, and gross and histological evaluations were made. Results The present study demonstrated that all sizes of the DN gel implanted defects as well as the 2.5mm untreated defects showed cartilage regeneration at 4 and 12 weeks. The 4.3-mm and 5.8-mm untreated defects did not show cartilage regeneration during the 12-week period. The quantitative score reported by O’Driscoll et al. was significantly higher in the 4.3-mm and 5.8-mm DN gel-implanted defects than the untreated defects at 4 and 12 weeks (p < 0.05). The 2.5-mm and 4.3-mm DN gel implanted defects maintained relatively high macroscopic and histological scores for the 12-week implantation period, while the histological score of the 5.8-mm DN gel implanted defect had decreased somewhat but statistically significantly at 12 weeks (p = 0.0057). Conclusions The DN gel induced cartilage regeneration in defects between 2.5 and 5.8 mm, offering a promising device to establish a cell-free cartilage regeneration therapy and applicable to various sizes of osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Higa
- Department of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nobuto Kitamura
- Department of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan. .,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Keiko Goto
- Department of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kurokawa
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yasuda
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Abstract
Articular cartilage is a load-bearing tissue that lines the surface of bones in diarthrodial joints. Unfortunately, this avascular tissue has a limited capacity for intrinsic repair. Treatment options for articular cartilage defects include microfracture and arthroplasty; however, these strategies fail to generate tissue that adequately restores damaged cartilage. Limitations of current treatments for cartilage defects have prompted the field of cartilage tissue engineering, which seeks to integrate engineering and biological principles to promote the growth of new cartilage to replace damaged tissue. To date, a wide range of scaffolds and cell sources have emerged with a focus on recapitulating the microenvironments present during development or in adult tissue, in order to induce the formation of cartilaginous constructs with biochemical and mechanical properties of native tissue. Hydrogels have emerged as a promising scaffold due to the wide range of possible properties and the ability to entrap cells within the material. Towards improving cartilage repair, hydrogel design has advanced in recent years to improve their utility. Some of these advances include the development of improved network crosslinking (e.g. double-networks), new techniques to process hydrogels (e.g. 3D printing) and better incorporation of biological signals (e.g. controlled release). This review summarises these innovative approaches to engineer hydrogels towards cartilage repair, with an eye towards eventual clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104,
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Liang S, Li X, Wang WJ, Li BG, Zhu S. Toward Understanding of Branching in RAFT Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate through a Cleavable Dimethacrylate. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shiping Zhu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
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Vilela CA, Correia C, Oliveira JM, Sousa RA, Espregueira-Mendes J, Reis RL. Cartilage Repair Using Hydrogels: A Critical Review of in Vivo Experimental Designs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:726-739. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Vilela
- 3B’s
Research Group, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Life
and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Orthopaedic
Department, Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - C. Correia
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J. M. Oliveira
- 3B’s
Research Group, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - R. A. Sousa
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J. Espregueira-Mendes
- 3B’s
Research Group, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Life
and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Clínica
do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - R. L. Reis
- 3B’s
Research Group, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, Guimarães, Portugal
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Inagaki Y, Kitamura N, Kurokawa T, Tanaka Y, Gong JP, Yasuda K, Tohyama H. Effects of culture on PAMPS/PDMAAm double-network gel on chondrogenic differentiation of mouse C3H10T1/2 cells: in vitro experimental study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:320. [PMID: 25262146 PMCID: PMC4190488 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, several animal studies have found that spontaneous hyaline cartilage regeneration can be induced in vivo within a large osteochondral defect by implanting a synthetic double-network (DN) hydrogel, which is composed of poly-(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and poly-(N,N’-dimethyl acrylamide) (PDMAAm), at the bottom of the defect. However, the effect of hydrogel on hyaline cartilage regeneration remains unexplained. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chondrogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells on PAMPS/PDMAAm DN gel. Methods C3H10T1/2 cells of 1.0 × 105 were cultured on PAMPS/PDMAAm DN gel in polystyrene tissue culture dishes or directly on polystyrene tissue culture dishes. We compared cultured cells on PAMPS/PDMAAm DN gel with those on polystyrene dishes by morphology using phase-contrast microscopy, mRNA expression of aggrecan, type I collagen, type II collagen, Sox 9 and osteocalcin using real-time RT-PCR, and local expression of type II collagen using immunocytochemistry. Results C3H10T1/2 cells cultured on the PAMPS/PDMAAm DN gels formed focal adhesions, aggregated rapidly and developed into large nodules within 7 days, while the cells cultured on the polystyrene surface did not. The mRNA levels of aggrecan, type I collagen, type II collagen, Sox 9 and osteocalcin were significantly greater in cells cultured on the PAMPS/PDMAAm DN gel than in those cultured on polystyrene dishes. In addition, C3H10T1/2 cells cultured on PAMPS/PDMAAm DN gel expressed more type II collagen at the protein level when compared with cells cultured on polystyrene dishes. Conclusions The present study showed that PAMPS/PDMAAm DN gel enhanced chondrogenesis of C3H10T1/2 cells, which are functionally similar to mesenchymal stem cells. This suggests that mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow contribute to spontaneous hyaline cartilage regeneration in vivo in large osteochondral defects after implantation of PAMPS/PDMAAm DN gels. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-320) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Harukazu Tohyama
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
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Kitamura N, Kurokawa T, Fukui T, Gong JP, Yasuda K. Hyaluronic acid enhances the effect of the PAMPS/PDMAAm double-network hydrogel on chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:222. [PMID: 24997593 PMCID: PMC4107725 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A double-network (DN) gel, which was composed of poly-(2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) and poly-(N,N’-dimethyl acrylamide) (PAMPS/PDMAAm), has the potential to induce chondrogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. The present study investigated whether DN gel induced chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells in a maintenance medium without insulin, and whether supplementation of hyaluronic acid enhanced the chondrogenic differentiation effect of DN gel. Methods ATDC5 cells were cultured on the DN gel and the polystyrene (PS) dish in maintenance media without insulin for 21 days. Hyaluronic acid having a molecular weight of approximately 800 kDa was supplemented into the medium so that the concentration became 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/mL. The cultured cells were evaluated using immunocytochemistry for type-2 collagen and real time PCR for gene expression of type-2 collagen, aggrecan, and Sox9 at 7 and 21 days of culture. Results The cells cultured on the DN gel formed nodules and were stained with an anti-type-2 collagen antibody, and expression of type-2 collagen and aggrecan mRNA was significantly greater on the DN gel than on the PS dish surface (p < 0.05) in the hyaluronic acid-free maintenance medium. Hyaluronic acid supplementation of a high concentration (1.0 mg/mL) significantly enhanced expression of type-2 collagen and aggrecan mRNA in comparison with culture without hyaluronic acid at 21 days (p < 0.05). Conclusions The DN gel induced chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells without insulin. This effect was significantly affected by hyaluronic acid, depending on the level of concentration. There is a high possibility that hyaluronic acid plays an important role in the in vivo hyaline cartilage regeneration phenomenon induced by the DN gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuto Kitamura
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
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