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Kapetanos K, Light A, Thakare N, Mahbubani K, Saeb-Parsy K, Saeb-Parsy K. Bioengineering solutions for Ureteric disorders: Clinical need, challenges and opportunities. BJU Int 2022; 130:408-419. [PMID: 35388587 PMCID: PMC9544734 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To summarise the causes of ureteric damage and the current standard of care, discussing the risks and benefits of available therapeutic options. We then focus on the current and future solutions that can be provided by ureteric bioengineering and provide a description of the ideal characteristics of a bioengineered product. Methods We performed a literature search in February 2021 in: Google Scholar, Medline, and Web of Science. Three searches were conducted, investigating: (a) the epidemiology of ureteric pathology, (b) the current standard of care, and (c) the state of the art in ureteric bioengineering. Results The most‐common causes of ureteric damage are iatrogenic injury and external trauma. Current approaches to treatment include stent placement or surgical reconstruction. Reconstruction can be done using either urological tissue or segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Limitations include scarring, strictures, and infections. Several bioengineered alternatives have been explored in animal studies, with variations in the choice of scaffold material, cellular seeding populations, and pre‐implantation processing. Natural grafts and hybrid material appear to be associated with superior outcomes. Furthermore, seeding of the scaffold material with stem cells or differentiated urothelial cells allows for better function compared to acellular scaffolds. Some studies have attempted to pre‐implant the graft in the omentum prior to reconstruction, but this has yet to prove any definitive benefits. Conclusion There is an unmet clinical need for safer and more effective treatment for ureteric injuries. Urological bioengineering is a promising solution in preclinical studies. However, substantial scientific, logistic, and economic challenges must be addressed to harness its transformative potential in improving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Light
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Niyukta Thakare
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krishnaa Mahbubani
- Cambridge Biorepository for Translational Medicine (CBTM), NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kasra Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge
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Ławkowska K, Rosenbaum C, Petrasz P, Kluth L, Koper K, Drewa T, Pokrywczynska M, Adamowicz J. Tissue engineering in reconstructive urology-The current status and critical insights to set future directions-critical review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1040987. [PMID: 36950181 PMCID: PMC10026841 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced techniques of reconstructive urology are gradually reaching their limits in terms of their ability to restore urinary tract function and patients' quality of life. A tissue engineering-based approach to urinary tract reconstruction, utilizing cells and biomaterials, offers an opportunity to overcome current limitations. Although tissue engineering studies have been heralding the imminent introduction of this method into clinics for over a decade, tissue engineering is only marginally applied. In this review, we discuss the role of tissue engineering in reconstructive urology and try to answer the question of why such a promising technology has not proven its clinical usability so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Ławkowska
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Karolina Ławkowska, ; Clemens Rosenbaum, ; Piotr Petrasz, ; Krzysztof Koper, ; Luis Kluth, ; Tomasz Drewa, ; Marta Pokrywczynska, ; Jan Adamowicz,
| | - Clemens Rosenbaum
- Department of Urology Asklepios Klinik Barmbek Germany, Urologist in Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Karolina Ławkowska, ; Clemens Rosenbaum, ; Piotr Petrasz, ; Krzysztof Koper, ; Luis Kluth, ; Tomasz Drewa, ; Marta Pokrywczynska, ; Jan Adamowicz,
| | - Piotr Petrasz
- Department of Urology Voivodeship Hospital Gorzów Wielkopolski, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
- *Correspondence: Karolina Ławkowska, ; Clemens Rosenbaum, ; Piotr Petrasz, ; Krzysztof Koper, ; Luis Kluth, ; Tomasz Drewa, ; Marta Pokrywczynska, ; Jan Adamowicz,
| | - Luis Kluth
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- *Correspondence: Karolina Ławkowska, ; Clemens Rosenbaum, ; Piotr Petrasz, ; Krzysztof Koper, ; Luis Kluth, ; Tomasz Drewa, ; Marta Pokrywczynska, ; Jan Adamowicz,
| | - Krzysztof Koper
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nursing, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Karolina Ławkowska, ; Clemens Rosenbaum, ; Piotr Petrasz, ; Krzysztof Koper, ; Luis Kluth, ; Tomasz Drewa, ; Marta Pokrywczynska, ; Jan Adamowicz,
| | - Tomasz Drewa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Karolina Ławkowska, ; Clemens Rosenbaum, ; Piotr Petrasz, ; Krzysztof Koper, ; Luis Kluth, ; Tomasz Drewa, ; Marta Pokrywczynska, ; Jan Adamowicz,
| | - Marta Pokrywczynska
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Karolina Ławkowska, ; Clemens Rosenbaum, ; Piotr Petrasz, ; Krzysztof Koper, ; Luis Kluth, ; Tomasz Drewa, ; Marta Pokrywczynska, ; Jan Adamowicz,
| | - Jan Adamowicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Karolina Ławkowska, ; Clemens Rosenbaum, ; Piotr Petrasz, ; Krzysztof Koper, ; Luis Kluth, ; Tomasz Drewa, ; Marta Pokrywczynska, ; Jan Adamowicz,
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Zamani M, Shakhssalim N, Ramakrishna S, Naji M. Electrospinning: Application and Prospects for Urologic Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:579925. [PMID: 33117785 PMCID: PMC7576678 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.579925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional disorders and injuries of urinary bladder, urethra, and ureter may necessitate the application of urologic reconstructive surgeries to recover normal urine passage, prevent progressive damages of these organs and upstream structures, and improve the quality of life of patients. Reconstructive surgeries are generally very invasive procedures that utilize autologous tissues. In addition to imperfect functional outcomes, these procedures are associated with significant complications owing to long-term contact of urine with unspecific tissues, donor site morbidity, and lack of sufficient tissue for vast reconstructions. Thanks to the extensive advancements in tissue engineering strategies, reconstruction of the diseased urologic organs through tissue engineering have provided promising vistas during the last two decades. Several biomaterials and fabrication methods have been utilized for reconstruction of the urinary tract in animal models and human subjects; however, limited success has been reported, which inspires the application of new methods and biomaterials. Electrospinning is the primary method for the production of nanofibers from a broad array of natural and synthetic biomaterials. The biomimetic structure of electrospun scaffolds provides an ECM-like matrix that can modulate cells' function. In addition, electrospinning is a versatile technique for the incorporation of drugs, biomolecules, and living cells into the constructed scaffolds. This method can also be integrated with other fabrication procedures to achieve hybrid smart constructs with improved performance. Herein, we reviewed the application and outcomes of electrospun scaffolds in tissue engineering of bladder, urethra, and ureter. First, we presented the current status of tissue engineering in each organ, then reviewed electrospun scaffolds from the simplest to the most intricate designs, and summarized the outcomes of preclinical (animal) studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Zamani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY, United States
| | - Nasser Shakhssalim
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Naji
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Janke HP, de Jonge PK, Feitz WF, Oosterwijk E. Reconstruction Strategies of the Ureter and Urinary Diversion Using Tissue Engineering Approaches. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 25:237-248. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heinz P. Janke
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul K.J.D. de Jonge
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wout F.J. Feitz
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert Oosterwijk
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Li Y, Shan Z, Yang B, Yang D, Men C, Cui Y, Wu J. Cathelicidin LL37 Promotes Epithelial and Smooth-Muscle-Like Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells through the Wnt/β-Catenin and NF-κB Pathways. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 82:1336-1345. [PMID: 29223160 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917110116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ureter reconstruction is a difficult procedure in urology. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), along with multipotency and self-renewal capacity, are a preferred choice for tissue engineering-based ureteral reconstruction. We explored the synergic role of cathelicidin LL37 (LL37) in epithelial and smooth-muscle-like differentiation. ADSCs were separated from adipose tissues of mouse and characterized by flow cytometry. The ADSCs were then stably transfected with pGC-FU-GFP (pGC) or pGC containing full-length LL37 (pGC-LL37), respectively. Cell viability and apoptosis were respectively estimated in the stably transfected cells and non-transfected cells. Then, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used for determinations of epithelial marker expressions after induction by all-trans retinoic acid as well as smooth-muscle-like marker expressions after induction by transforming growth factor-β1. Then, possibly involved signaling pathways and extracellular expression of LL37 were detected. Cell viability and apoptosis were not changed after LL37 overexpression. Expression levels of epithelial and smooth-muscle-like markers were significantly upregulated by LL37 overexpression. Moreover, expressions of key kinases involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as well as epithelial marker were upregulated by the LL37 overexpression, while it was reversed by Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor. Likewise, expressions of key kinases involved in the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway as well as smooth-muscle-like markers were upregulated by LL37 overexpression, which was reversed by NF-κB inhibitor. LL37 was found in the culture medium. LL37, which could be released into the medium, had no impact on cell proliferation and apoptosis of ADSCs. However, LL37 promoted epithelial and smooth-muscle-like differentiation through activating the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, Qingdao University, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, China.
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Wang X, Wei J, Chen J, Tang S. Tuning of the surface biological behavior of poly(L-lactide)-based composites by the incorporation of polyelectrolyte complexes for bone regeneration. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:1713-1727. [PMID: 28657452 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1348926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly(L-lactide)(PLLA)-based composites have been widely used for tissue regeneration. Novel polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) consisted of carboxymethyl starch sodium (CMS) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was fabricated and evaluated. The results suggested that the CMS/COS-PECs (CC-PECs) distinguished from the original polymers alone, presenting an amorphous structure. Then, the CC-PECs/PLLA composites were prepared by varying the relative amount of CC-PECs in the PLLA-matrix, demonstrated by means of the surface morphology, hydrophilicity, water uptake, in vitro degradability and primary cell responses. The results suggested that the CC-PECs physically attached on the PLLA surface enhanced the formation of the surface seepage network, which could target modification of the surface biological behavior of the materials. The phenomena had been evidenced by the performed tests in respect to hydrophilicity, water uptake and degradation in PBS, which also may provide effective support for cell adhesion and proliferation. Further, the CC-PECs/PLLA surfaces clearly promoted the adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells compared with PLLA materials, indicating excellent cytocompatibility. This study suggested that the CC-PECs/PLLA-50 composite with excellent biological behavior could be a promising candidate for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Wang
- a Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Jie Wei
- a Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Jianding Chen
- a Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Songchao Tang
- a Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
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Zou Q, Fu Q. Tissue engineering for urinary tract reconstruction and repair: Progress and prospect in China. Asian J Urol 2017; 5:57-68. [PMID: 29736367 PMCID: PMC5934513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several urinary tract pathologic conditions, such as strictures, cancer, and obliterations, require reconstructive plastic surgery. Reconstruction of the urinary tract is an intractable task for urologists due to insufficient autologous tissue. Limitations of autologous tissue application prompted urologists to investigate ideal substitutes. Tissue engineering is a new direction in these cases. Advances in tissue engineering over the last 2 decades may offer alternative approaches for the urinary tract reconstruction. The main components of tissue engineering include biomaterials and cells. Biomaterials can be used with or without cultured cells. This paper focuses on cell sources, biomaterials, and existing methods of tissue engineering for urinary tract reconstruction in China. The paper also details challenges and perspectives involved in urinary tract reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Zou
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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de Jonge P, Simaioforidis V, Geutjes P, Oosterwijk E, Feitz W. Ureteral reconstruction with reinforced collagen scaffolds in a porcine model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:80-88. [PMID: 27860431 DOI: 10.1002/term.2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Jonge
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vasileios Simaioforidis
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Geutjes
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Egbert Oosterwijk
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wout Feitz
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Wright C, Banerjee A, Yan X, Storms-Miller WK, Pugh C. Synthesis of Functionalized Poly(lactic acid) Using 2-Bromo-3-hydroxypropionic Acid. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Wright
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Abhishek Banerjee
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Xiang Yan
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | | | - Coleen Pugh
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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Abstract
Reconstruction of long ureteral defects often warrants the use of graft tissue and extensive surgical procedures to maintain the safe transport of urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Complication risks, graft failure-related morbidity, and the lack of suitable tissue are major concerns. Tissue engineering might offer an alternative treatment approach in these cases, but ureteral tissue engineering is still an underreported topic in current literature. In this review, the most recent published data regarding ureteral tissue engineering are presented and evaluated, with a focus on cell sources, implantation strategies, and (bio)materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul K. J. D. de Jonge
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vasileios Simaioforidis
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Geutjes
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert Oosterwijk
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wout F. J. Feitz
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Simaioforidis V, de Jonge P, Sloff M, Oosterwijk E, Geutjes P, Feitz WF. Ureteral Tissue Engineering: Where Are We and How to Proceed? TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:413-9. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Simaioforidis
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Jonge
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Sloff
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert Oosterwijk
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Geutjes
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wout F.J. Feitz
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Zamperone A, Pietronave S, Merlin S, Colangelo D, Ranaldo G, Medico E, Di Scipio F, Berta GN, Follenzi A, Prat M. Isolation and characterization of a spontaneously immortalized multipotent mesenchymal cell line derived from mouse subcutaneous adipose tissue. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2873-84. [PMID: 23777308 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is a multidisciplinary science that is based on the combination of a reliable source of stem cells, biomaterial scaffolds, and cytokine growth factors. Adult mesenchymal stem cells are considered important cells for applications in this field, and adipose tissue has revealed to be an excellent source of them. Indeed, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can be easily isolated from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue. During the isolation and propagation of murine ASCs, we observed the appearance of a spontaneously immortalized cell clone, named m17.ASC. This clone has been propagated for more than 180 passages and stably expresses a variety of stemness markers, such as Sca-1, c-kit/CD117, CD44, CD106, islet-1, nestin, and nucleostemin. Furthermore, these cells can be induced to differentiate toward osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and cardiogenic phenotypes. m17.ASC clone displays a normal karyotype and stable telomeres; it neither proliferates when plated in soft agar nor gives rise to tumors when injected subcutaneously in NOD/SCID-γ (null) mice. The analysis of gene expression highlighted transcriptional traits of SVF cells. m17.ASCs were genetically modified by lentiviral vectors carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a marker transgene and efficiently engrafted in the liver, when injected in the spleen of NOD/SCID-γ (null) monocrotaline-treated mice. These results suggest that this non-tumorigenic spontaneously immortalized ASC line may represent a useful tool (cell model) for studying the differentiation mechanisms involved in tissue repair as well as a model for pharmacological/toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zamperone
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale , Novara, Italy
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One-stage focal cartilage defect treatment with bone marrow mononuclear cells and chondrocytes leads to better macroscopic cartilage regeneration compared to microfracture in goats. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:950-6. [PMID: 23583464 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The combination of chondrocytes and mononuclear fraction (MNF) cells might solve the expansion induced dedifferentiation problem of reimplanted cells in autologous chondrocytes implantation as sufficient cells would be available for direct, one-stage, implantation. Earlier in vitro work already showed a positive stimulation of cartilage specific matrix production when chondrocytes and MNF cells were combined. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate cartilage regeneration using a one-stage procedure combining MNF cells and primary chondrocytes for the treatment of focal cartilage lesions in goats compared to microfracture treatment. DESIGN Freshly created focal cartilage defects were treated with either a combination of chondrocytes and MNF cells embedded in fibrin glue or microfracture treatment. After 6 months follow-up local regeneration as well as the general joint cartilage health were evaluated using validated scores and biochemical assays. RESULTS Macroscopic (P = 0.015) scores for the cartilage surface at the treated defect were, after 6 months, significantly higher for the chondrocyteMNF treatment compared to microfracture-treated defects, but microscopic scores were not (P = 0.067). The articulating cartilage showed more (P = 0.005) degeneration following microfracture treatment compared to chondrocyteMNF treatment. Biochemical glycosaminoglycans (GAG) evaluation did not reveal differences between the treatments. Both treatments had resulted in a slight to moderate cartilage degeneration at other locations in the joint. CONCLUSION In conclusion, treatment of focal articular cartilage lesions in goats using a combination of MNF cells from bone marrow and unexpanded chondrocytes leads to better macroscopic regeneration compared to microfracture, however needs further fine-tuning to decrease the negative influence on other joint compartments.
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