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Mahdi WA, Absar MS, Choi S, Yang VC, Kwon YM. Enhanced control of bioactivity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) through domain-directed enzymatic oxidation of terminal galactose. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2022; 12:479-486. [PMID: 36644546 PMCID: PMC9809136 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.23477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In targeted enzyme prodrug constructs, it is critical to control the bioactivity of the drug in its prodrug form. The preparation of such constructs often involves conjugation reactions directed to functional groups on amino acid side chains of the protein, which result in random conjugation and incomplete control of bioactivity of a prodrug, which may result in significant nontarget effect. Thus, more specific method of modification is desired. If the drug is a glycoprotein, enzymatic oxidation may offer an alternative approach for therapeutic glycoproteins. Methods: Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a model glycoprotein enzyme, was treated with galactose oxidase (GO) and horseradish peroxidase, followed by thiolation reaction and conjugation with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). The LMWH-tPA conjugate was isolated by ion-exchange chromatography followed by centrifugal filtration. The conjugate was characterized for its fibrinolytic activity and for its plasminogen activation through an indirect amidolytic assay with a plasmin-specific substrate S-2251 when LMWH-tPA conjugate is complexed with protamine-albumin conjugate, followed by triggered activation in the presence of heparin. Results: LMWH-tPA conjugate prepared via enzymatic oxidation retained ~95% of its fibrinolytic activity with respect to native tPA. Upon complexation with protamine-albumin conjugate, the activity of LMWH-tPA was effectively inhibited (~90%) whereas the LMWH-tPA prepared by random thiolation exhibited ~55% inhibition. Addition of heparin fully generated the activities of both conjugates. Conclusion: The tPA was successfully modified via enzymatic oxidation by GO, resulting in enhanced control of its activity in the prodrug construct. This approach can be applied to other therapeutic glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A. Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S. Absar
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Suna Choi
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Victor C. Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300070, China
,University of Michigan, College of Pharmacy, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Young M. Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
,Corresponding author: Young M. Kwon, ykwon1nova.edu
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Tao C, Chuah YJ, Xu C, Wang DA. Albumin conjugates and assemblies as versatile bio-functional additives and carriers for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2018; 7:357-367. [PMID: 32254722 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02477d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As the most abundant plasma protein, serum albumin has been extensively studied and employed for therapeutic applications. Despite its direct clinical use for the maintenance of blood homeostasis in various medical conditions, this review exclusively summarizes and discusses albumin-based bio-conjugates and assemblies as versatile bio-functional additives and carriers in biomedical applications. As one of the smallest-sized proteins in the human body, albumin is physiochemically stable and biochemically inert. Moreover, albumin is also endowed with abundant specific binding sites for numerous therapeutic compounds, which also endow it with superior bioactivities. Firstly, due to its small size and binding specificity, albumin alone or its derived assemblies can be utilized as competent drug carriers, which can deliver drugs through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect or actively target lesion sites through binding with gp60 and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in tumor sites. Furthermore, its biochemical stability and inertness make it a safe and biocompatible coating material for use in biomedical applications. Albumin-based surface modifying additives can be used to functionalize both macro substrates (e.g. surfaces of medical devices or implants) and nanoparticle surfaces (e.g. drug carriers and imaging contrast agents). In this review, we elaborate on the synthesis and applications of albumin-based bio-functional coatings and drug carriers, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore, Singapore.
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Wei W, He Z, Yang J, Sun M, Sun J. Cytosine arabinoside prodrug designed to bind plasma serum albumin for drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1162-1170. [PMID: 29748833 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Rational design of anticancer prodrugs for efficient albumin binding can show distinct advantages in drug delivery in terms of high drug availability, long systemic circulation, potential targeting effect, and enhanced chemotherapy effect. In the present study, we reported a cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) prodrug which could well formulate in solution and instantly transform into long-circulating nanocomplexes by hitchhiking blood-circulating albumin after i.v. administration. Specifically, Ara-C was conjugated with an albumin-binding maleimide derivative, the resulting Ara-C maleimide caproic acid conjugate (AM) was well formulated in aqueous solution, conferring high albumin-binding ability in vitro albumin-binding studies. Moreover, in vivo fluorescence images of sulfo-cyanine5 maleimide indirectly demonstrated that AM showed better accumulation in tumors, exhibiting superior tumor targeting ability and antitumor activity compared to Ara-C. Such a uniquely developed strategy, integrating high albumin-binding capability, has great potential to be applied in clinical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jincheng Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Mengchi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China. .,Municipal Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Tian L, Chen Q, Yi X, Wang G, Chen J, Ning P, Yang K, Liu Z. Radionuclide I-131 Labeled Albumin-Paclitaxel Nanoparticles for Synergistic Combined Chemo-radioisotope Therapy of Cancer. Theranostics 2017; 7:614-623. [PMID: 28255354 PMCID: PMC5327637 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of biocompatible/biodegradable materials with multiple functionalities via simple methods for cancer combination therapy has attracted great attention in recent years. Herein, paclitaxel (PTX), a popular anti-tumor chemotherapeutic drug, is used to induce the self-assembly of human serum albumin (HSA) pre-labeled with radionuclide I-131, obtaining 131I-HSA-PTX nanoparticles for combined chemotherapy and radioisotope therapy (RIT) of cancer. Such 131I-HSA-PTX nanoparticles show prolonged blood circulation time, high tumor specific uptake and excellent intra-tumor penetration ability. Interestingly, as revealed by in vivo photoacoustic imaging and ex vivo immunofluorescence staining, PTX delivered into the tumor by HSA-nanoparticle transportation can remarkably enhance the tumor local oxygen level and suppress the expression of HIF-1α, leading to greatly relieved tumor hypoxia. As the results, the combined in vivo chemotherapy & RIT with 131I-HSA-PTX nanoparticles in the animal tumor model offers excellent synergistic therapeutic efficacy, likely owing to the greatly modulated tumor microenvironment associated with PTX-based chemotherapy. Therefore, in this work, a simple yet effective therapeutic agent is developed for synergistic chemo-RIT of cancer, promising for future clinic translations in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Tian
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xuan Yi
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Guanglin Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ping Ning
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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Kharkar PM, Rehmann MS, Skeens KM, Maverakis E, Kloxin AM. Thiol-ene click hydrogels for therapeutic delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:165-179. [PMID: 28361125 PMCID: PMC5369354 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are of growing interest for the delivery of therapeutics to specific sites in the body. For use as a delivery vehicle, hydrophilic precursors are usually laden with bioactive moieties and then directly injected to the site of interest for in situ gel formation and controlled release dictated by precursor design. Hydrogels formed by thiol-ene click reactions are attractive for local controlled release of therapeutics owing to their rapid reaction rate and efficiency under mild aqueous conditions, enabling in situ formation of gels with tunable properties often responsive to environmental cues. Herein, we will review the wide range of applications for thiol-ene hydrogels, from the prolonged release of anti-inflammatory drugs in the spine to the release of protein-based therapeutics in response to cell-secreted enzymes, with a focus on their clinical relevance. We will also provide a brief overview of thiol-ene click chemistry and discuss the available alkene chemistries pertinent to macromolecule functionalization and hydrogel formation. These chemistries include functional groups susceptible to Michael type reactions relevant for injection and radically-mediated reactions for greater temporal control of formation at sites of interest using light. Additionally, mechanisms for the encapsulation and controlled release of therapeutic cargoes are reviewed, including i) tuning the mesh size of the hydrogel initially and temporally for cargo entrapment and release and ii) covalent tethering of the cargo with degradable linkers or affinity binding sequences to mediate release. Finally, myriad thiol-ene hydrogels and their specific applications also are discussed to give a sampling of the current and future utilization of this chemistry for delivery of therapeutics, such as small molecule drugs, peptides, and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathamesh M. Kharkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Matthew S. Rehmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kelsi M. Skeens
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 3301 C St, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
| | - April M. Kloxin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Absar S, Gupta N, Nahar K, Ahsan F. Engineering of plasminogen activators for targeting to thrombus and heightening thrombolytic efficacy. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1545-56. [PMID: 26074048 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Thrombotic occlusion of the coronary artery, which triggers acute myocardial infarction, is one of the major causes of death in the USA. Currently, arterial occlusions are treated with intravenous plasminogen activators (PAs), which dissolve the clot by activating plasminogen. However, PAs indiscriminately generate plasmin, which depletes critical clotting factors (fibrinogen, factor V, and factor VIII), precipitates a lytic state in the blood, and produces bleeding complications in a large patient population. PAs have been extensively investigated to achieve thrombus specificity, to attenuate the bleeding risk, and to widen their clinical applications. In this review, we discuss various strategies that have been pursued since the beginning of thrombolytic therapy. We review the biotechnological approaches that have been used to develop mutant and chimeric PAs for thrombus selectivity, including the use of specific antibodies for targeting thrombi. We discuss particulate carrier-based systems and triggered-release concepts. We propose new hypotheses and strategies to spur future studies in this research arena. Overall, we describe the approaches and accomplishments in the development of patient-friendly and workable delivery systems for thrombolytic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Absar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - N Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - K Nahar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - F Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
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Absar S, Kwon YM, Ahsan F. Bio-responsive delivery of tissue plasminogen activator for localized thrombolysis. J Control Release 2014; 177:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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