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Agnes CJ, Karoichan A, Tabrizian M. The Diamond Concept Enigma: Recent Trends of Its Implementation in Cross-linked Chitosan-Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37310896 PMCID: PMC10354806 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of publications over the past ten years have focused on the development of chitosan-based cross-linked scaffolds to regenerate bone tissue. The design of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications relies heavily on the ideals set forth by a polytherapy approach called the "Diamond Concept". This methodology takes into consideration the mechanical environment, scaffold properties, osteogenic and angiogenic potential of cells, and benefits of osteoinductive mediator encapsulation. The following review presents a comprehensive summarization of recent trends in chitosan-based cross-linked scaffold development within the scope of the Diamond Concept, particularly for nonload-bearing bone repair. A standardized methodology for material characterization, along with assessment of in vitro and in vivo potential for bone regeneration, is presented based on approaches in the literature, and future directions of the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine J Agnes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Shriner's Hospital for Children, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0A9 Canada
| | - Antoine Karoichan
- Shriner's Hospital for Children, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0A9 Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1 Canada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1 Canada
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Mahato KK, Sabbarwal S, Misra N, Kumar M. Fabrication of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan oligosaccharide hydrogel: physicochemical characterizations and in vitro drug release study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2020.1789382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Kumar Mahato
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivesh Sabbarwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Nano and Microsystem Fabrication and Design Lab, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nira Misra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Nano and Microsystem Fabrication and Design Lab, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rusu LC, Ardelean LC, Jitariu AA, Miu CA, Streian CG. An Insight into the Structural Diversity and Clinical Applicability of Polyurethanes in Biomedicine. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1197. [PMID: 32456335 PMCID: PMC7285236 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their mechanical properties, ranging from flexible to hard materials, polyurethanes (PUs) have been widely used in many industrial and biomedical applications. PUs' characteristics, along with their biocompatibility, make them successful biomaterials for short and medium-duration applications. The morphology of PUs includes two structural phases: hard and soft segments. Their high mechanical resistance featuresare determined by the hard segment, while the elastomeric behaviour is established by the soft segment. The most important biomedical applications of PUs include antibacterial surfaces and catheters, blood oxygenators, dialysis devices, stents, cardiac valves, vascular prostheses, bioadhesives/surgical dressings/pressure-sensitive adhesives, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering scaffolds and electrospinning, nerve generation, pacemaker lead insulation and coatings for breast implants. The diversity of polyurethane properties, due to the ease of bulk and surface modification, plays a vital role in their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Cristina Rusu
- Department of Oral Pathology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu sq, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean
- Department of Technology of Materials and Devices in Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu sq, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adriana-Andreea Jitariu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology and Angiogenesis Research Center Timisoara, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu sq, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Catalin Adrian Miu
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedics-Traumatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu sq, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Caius Glad Streian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu sq, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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Jangid NK, Hada D, Rathore K. Chitosan as an emerging object for biological and biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2019-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural polymers are being investigated with renewed exuberance as they have a tremendous unexploited potential. During the past few decades, much interest has developed in the biopolymer-based materials due to their biodegradable, nontoxic, biocompatible and non-allergic nature. Chitosan (CS) is the second most abundant naturally occurring amino polysaccharide after cellulose and is extracted from the shells of sea crustaceans. The primary amine group in CS is responsible for its various properties and it is derived from the deacetylated form of chitin. Its biocompatible, nontoxic, biodegradable and antimicrobial properties have led to significant research towards biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery, obesity treatment, etc. This review summarizes the present work done by researchers in prospects of CS and its numerous applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Kumari Jangid
- Department of Chemistry , Banasthali Vidyapith , Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan , India
| | - Deepa Hada
- Department of Botany , Mohanlal Sukhadia University , Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan , India
| | - Kavita Rathore
- Department of Botany , Mohanlal Sukhadia University , Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan , India
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Importance of crosslinking strategies in designing smart biomaterials for bone tissue engineering: A systematic review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 96:941-954. [PMID: 30606606 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials are of significant importance in biomedical applications as these biological macromolecules have moderately replaced classical tissue grafting techniques owing to its beneficial properties. Despite of its favourable advantages, poor mechanical and degradative properties of biomaterials are of great concern. To this regard, crosslinkers have emerged as a smart and promising tool to augment the biological functionality of biopolymers. Different crosslinkers have been extensively used in past decades to develop bone substitutes, but the implications of toxic response and adverse reactions are truly precarious after implantation. Traditional crosslinker like glutaraldehyde has been widely used in numerous bio-implants but the potential toxicity is largely being debated with many disproving views. As alternative, green chemicals, enzymatic and non-enzymatic chemicals, bi-functional epoxies, zero-length crosslinkers and physical crosslinkers have been introduced to achieve the desired properties of a bone substitute. In this review, systematic literature search was performed on PubMed database to identify the most commonly used crosslinkers for developing promising bone like materials. The relevant articles were identified, analysed and reviewed in this paper giving due importance to different crosslinking methodologies and comparing their effectiveness and efficacy in regard to material composition, scaffold production, crosslinker dosage, toxicity and immunogenicity. This review summarizes the recent developments in crosslinking mechanism with an emphasis placed on their ability to link proteins through bonding reactions. Finally, this study also covers the convergent and divergent methodologies of crosslinking strategies also giving special importance in retrieving the current limitations and future opportunities of crosslinking modalities in bone tissue engineering.
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Physical properties imparted by genipin to chitosan for tissue regeneration with human stem cells: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1366-1381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Tissue engineering aims to repair the damaged tissue by transplantation of cells or introducing bioactive factors in a biocompatible scaffold. In recent years, biodegradable polymer scaffolds mimicking the extracellular matrix have been developed to promote the cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition. The biodegradable polymer scaffolds thus act as templates for tissue repair and regeneration. This article reviews the updated information regarding various types of natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers as well as their functions, physico-chemical properties, and degradation mechanisms in the development of biodegradable scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, including their combination with 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Muzzarelli RAA, El Mehtedi M, Bottegoni C, Aquili A, Gigante A. Genipin-Crosslinked Chitosan Gels and Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration of Cartilage and Bone. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:7314-38. [PMID: 26690453 PMCID: PMC4699241 DOI: 10.3390/md13127068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review article intends to direct attention to the technological advances made since 2009 in the area of genipin-crosslinked chitosan (GEN-chitosan) hydrogels. After a concise introduction on the well recognized characteristics of medical grade chitosan and food grade genipin, the properties of GEN-chitosan obtained with a safe, spontaneous and irreversible chemical reaction, and the quality assessment of the gels are reviewed. The antibacterial activity of GEN-chitosan has been well assessed in the treatment of gastric infections supported by Helicobacter pylori. Therapies based on chitosan alginate crosslinked with genipin include stem cell transplantation, and development of contraction free biomaterials suitable for cartilage engineering. Collagen, gelatin and other proteins have been associated to said hydrogels in view of the regeneration of the cartilage. Viability and proliferation of fibroblasts were impressively enhanced upon addition of poly-l-lysine. The modulation of the osteocytes has been achieved in various ways by applying advanced technologies such as 3D-plotting and electrospinning of biomimetic scaffolds, with optional addition of nano hydroxyapatite to the formulations. A wealth of biotechnological advances and know-how has permitted reaching outstanding results in crucial areas such as cranio-facial surgery, orthopedics and dentistry. It is mandatory to use scaffolds fully characterized in terms of porosity, pore size, swelling, wettability, compressive strength, and degree of acetylation, if the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells is sought: in fact, the novel characteristics imparted by GEN-chitosan must be simultaneously of physico-chemical and cytological nature. Owing to their high standard, the scientific publications dated 2010-2015 have met the expectations of an interdisciplinary audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo A A Muzzarelli
- Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, Ancona IT-60126, Italy.
| | - Mohamad El Mehtedi
- Department of Industrial Engineering & Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona IT-60131, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bottegoni
- Clinical Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, Ancona IT-60126, Italy.
| | - Alberto Aquili
- Clinical Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, Ancona IT-60126, Italy.
| | - Antonio Gigante
- Clinical Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, Ancona IT-60126, Italy.
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Cheung RCF, Ng TB, Wong JH, Chan WY. Chitosan: An Update on Potential Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5156-86. [PMID: 26287217 PMCID: PMC4557018 DOI: 10.3390/md13085156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 625] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural polycationic linear polysaccharide derived from chitin. The low solubility of chitosan in neutral and alkaline solution limits its application. Nevertheless, chemical modification into composites or hydrogels brings to it new functional properties for different applications. Chitosans are recognized as versatile biomaterials because of their non-toxicity, low allergenicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. This review presents the recent research, trends and prospects in chitosan. Some special pharmaceutical and biomedical applications are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Beringer LT, Kiechel MA, Komiya Y, Donius AE, Habas R, Wegst UGK, Schauer CL. Osteoblast biocompatibility of novel chitosan crosslinker, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3026-33. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura T. Beringer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Drexel University; 3141 Chestnut Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Marjorie A. Kiechel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Drexel University; 3141 Chestnut Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Yuko Komiya
- Department of Biology; Temple University; 1900 North 12th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Amalie E. Donius
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Drexel University; 3141 Chestnut Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Raymond Habas
- Department of Biology; Temple University; 1900 North 12th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Ulrike G. K. Wegst
- Thayer School of Engineering; Dartmouth College; 14 Engineering Drive Hanover New Hampshire 03755
| | - Caroline L. Schauer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Drexel University; 3141 Chestnut Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104
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