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Che Z, Sun Q, Zhao Z, Wu Y, Xing H, Song K, Chen A, Wang B, Cai M. Growth factor-functionalized titanium implants for enhanced bone regeneration: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133153. [PMID: 38897500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Titanium and titanium alloys are widely favored materials for orthopedic implants due to their exceptional mechanical properties and biological inertness. The additional benefit of sustained local release of bioactive substances further promotes bone tissue formation, thereby augmenting the osseointegration capacity of titanium implants and attracting increasing attention in bone tissue engineering. Among these bioactive substances, growth factors have shown remarkable osteogenic and angiogenic induction capabilities. Consequently, researchers have developed various physical, chemical, and biological loading techniques to incorporate growth factors into titanium implants, ensuring controlled release kinetics. In contrast to conventional treatment modalities, the localized release of growth factors from functionalized titanium implants not only enhances osseointegration but also reduces the risk of complications. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the types and mechanisms of growth factors, along with a detailed exploration of the methodologies used to load growth factors onto the surface of titanium implants. Moreover, it highlights recent advancements in the application of growth factors to the surface of titanium implants (Scheme 1). Finally, the review discusses current limitations and future prospects for growth factor-functionalized titanium implants. In summary, this paper presents cutting-edge design strategies aimed at enhancing the bone regenerative capacity of growth factor-functionalized titanium implants-a significant advancement in the field of enhanced bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjia Che
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanglin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Xing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihang Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Aopan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.
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Calazans Neto JV, Valente MLDC, Reis ACD. Effect of pores on cell adhesion to additively manufactured titanium implants: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00340-2. [PMID: 37353409 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Titanium dental implants produced by additive manufacturing have pores that, depending on their size and quantity, may improve osteogenic cell adhesion without impairing mechanical properties. A systematic review of in vitro studies on this topic is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to answer the question "What is the influence of pores on osteogenic cell adhesion on titanium surfaces produced by additive manufacturing?". MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 standards and registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) (osf.io/baw59). A manual search of published articles without language or time restrictions was conducted in November 2022 in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Embase, and in the nonpeer-reviewed literature via Google Scholar. RESULTS A total of 1338 initial results were found, and after removing duplicates and applying eligibility criteria, 13 articles were included in this review that, according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool, presented a low risk of bias. Pores with larger diameters provide greater a surface area that favors cell filopodia adhesion and has interconnection that optimizes the transport of nutrients and oxygen and bone cell activity. CONCLUSIONS The presence of pores on the surface of titanium produced by additive manufacturing increases the adhesion, migration, proliferation, and viability of osteogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vicente Calazans Neto
- Master's student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Mariana Lima da Costa Valente
- Post-Doctoral student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Andréa Cândido Dos Reis
- Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil.
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3
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Levin M, Spiro RC, Jain H, Falk MM. Effects of Titanium Implant Surface Topology on Bone Cell Attachment and Proliferation in vitro. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2022; 15:103-119. [PMID: 35502265 PMCID: PMC9056099 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s360297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Titanium is commonly used for implants because of its corrosion resistance and osseointegration capability. It is well known that surface topology affects the response of bone tissue towards implants. In vivo studies have shown that in weeks or months, bone tissue bonds more efficiently to titanium implants with rough surfaces compared to smooth surfaces. In addition, stimulating early endosseous integration increases the long-term stability of bone-implants and hence their clinical outcome. Here, we evaluated the response of human MG-63 osteoblast-like cells to flat and solid, compared to rough and porous surface topologies in vitro 1–6 days post seeding. We compared the morphology, proliferation, and attachment of cells onto three smooth surfaces: tissue culture (TC) plastic or microscope cover glasses, machined polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), and machined solid titanium, to cells on a highly porous (average Ra 22.94 μm) plasma-sprayed titanium surface (composite Ti-PEEK spine implants). Methods We used immuno-fluorescence (IF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as Live/Dead and WST-1 cell proliferation assays. Results SEM analyses confirmed the rough topology of the titanium implant surface, compared to the smooth surface of PEEK, solid titanium, TC plastic and cover glasses. In addition, SEM analyses revealed that MG-63 cells seeded onto smooth surfaces (solid titanium, PEEK) adopted a flat, planar morphology, while cells on the rough titanium surface adopted an elongated morphology with numerous filopodial and lamellipodial extensions interacting with the substrate. Finally, IF analyses of focal adhesions (vinculin, focal adhesion kinase), as well as proliferation assays indicate that MG-63 cells adhere less and proliferate at a slower rate on the rough than on a smooth titanium surface. Conclusion These observations suggest that bone-forming osteoblasts adhere less strongly and proliferate slower on rough compared to smooth titanium surfaces, likely promoting cell differentiation, which is in agreement with other porous implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levin
- Department of Bioengineering, P.C. Rossin College of Engineering & Applied Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Robert C Spiro
- Research and Development, Aesculap Implant Systems, LLC, Breinigsville, PA, 18031, USA
| | - Himanshu Jain
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, P.C. Rossin College of Engineering & Applied Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
- Correspondence: Himanshu Jain; Matthias M Falk, Email ;
| | - Matthias M Falk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
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4
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Wang L, Zhou W, Yu Z, Yu S, Zhou L, Cao Y, Dargusch M, Wang G. An In Vitro Evaluation of the Hierarchical Micro/Nanoporous Structure of a Ti3Zr2Sn3Mo25Nb Alloy after Surface Dealloying. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:15017-15030. [PMID: 33764752 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A process to dealloy a Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb (TLM) titanium alloy to create a porous surface structure has been reported in this paper aiming to enhance the bioactivity of the alloy. A simple nanoporous topography on the surface was produced through dealloying the as-solution treated TLM alloy. In contrast, dealloying the as-cold rolled alloy created a hierarchical micro/nanoporous topography. SEM and XPS were performed to characterize the topography and element chemistry of both porous structures. The roughness, hydrophilicity, protein adsorption, cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation were tested. The elements of Zr, Mo, Sn, and Nb were depleted at the nanoporous TLM surface with a diameter of 15.6 ± 2.3 nm. Dissolving the microscale α phase from the alloy surface contributed to the formation of the microscale grooves on the surface. The simple nanoporous topographical surface exhibited hydrophilicity and higher protein adsorption ability, which facilitated the early adhesion of osteoblasts compared with the hierarchical micro/nanoporous surface. On the other hand, the hierarchical micro/nanoporous surface improved cell proliferation and differentiation and still retained the contact guidance function, which implied good bonding for osseointegration. This research revealed the effect of phase composition on the surface morphology of dealloying titanium alloy and the synergistic effect of micron and nanometer topography on the function of osteoblasts. This paper therefore provides insights into the surface topological design of titanium-based biomaterials with improved biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, PR China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, PR China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, PR China
| | - Sen Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, PR China
- East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Lian Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, PR China
| | - Yemin Cao
- Shanghai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Matthew Dargusch
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Gui Wang
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia
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5
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Feng X, Ma L, Liang H, Liu X, Lei J, Li W, Wang K, Song Y, Wang B, Li G, Li S, Yang C. Osteointegration of 3D-Printed Fully Porous Polyetheretherketone Scaffolds with Different Pore Sizes. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26655-26666. [PMID: 33110992 PMCID: PMC7581231 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) constitutes a preferred alternative material for orthopedic implants owing to its good mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, the poor osseointegration property of PEEK implants has limited their clinical applications. To address this issue, in this study, we investigated the mechanical and biological properties of fully porous PEEK scaffolds with different pore sizes both in vitro and in vivo. PEEK scaffolds with designed pore sizes of 300, 450, and 600 μm and a porosity of 60% were manufactured via fused deposition modeling (FDM) to explore the optimum pore size. Smooth solid PEEK cylinders (PEEK-S) were used as the reference material. The mechanical, cytocompatibility, proliferative, and osteogenic properties of PEEK scaffolds were characterized in comparison to those of PEEK-S. In vivo dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, microcomputed tomography, and histological observation were performed after 4 and 12 weeks of implantation to evaluate the microvascular perfusion and bone formation afforded by the various PEEK implants using a New Zealand white rabbit model with distal femoral condyle defects. Results of in vitro testing supported the good biocompatibility of the porous PEEK scaffolds manufactured via FDM. In particular, the PEEK-450 scaffolds were most beneficial for cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Results of in vivo analysis further indicated that PEEK-450 scaffolds exhibited preferential potential for bone ingrowth and vascular perfusion. Together, our findings support that porous PEEK implants designed with a suitable pore size and fabricated via three-dimensional printing constitute promising alternative biomaterials for bone grafting and tissue engineering applications with marked potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Feng
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji
Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji
Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hang Liang
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji
Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department
of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical
College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jie Lei
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji
Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji
Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji
Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji
Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bingjin Wang
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji
Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Gaocai Li
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji
Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji
Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji
Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Kyrylenko S, Warchoł F, Oleshko O, Husak Y, Kazek-Kęsik A, Korniienko V, Deineka V, Sowa M, Maciej A, Michalska J, Jakóbik-Kolon A, Matuła I, Basiaga M, Hulubnycha V, Stolarczyk A, Pisarek M, Mishchenko O, Pogorielov M, Simka W. Effects of the sources of calcium and phosphorus on the structural and functional properties of ceramic coatings on titanium dental implants produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111607. [PMID: 33321651 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) is as a promising technique to modify metal surfaces by application of oxide ceramic coatings with appropriate physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Therefore, objective of this research was to find the simplest settings, yet able to produce relevant bioactive implant surfaces layers on Ti implants by means of PEO. We show that an electrolyte containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate as a source of P and either calcium hydroxide or calcium formate as a source of Ca in combination with a chelating agent, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), is suitable for PEO to deliver coatings with desired properties. We determined surface morphology, roughness, wettability, chemical and phase composition of titanium after the PEO process. To investigate biocompatibility and bacterial properties of the PEO oxide coatings we used microbial and cell culture tests. The electrolyte based on Ca(OH)2 and EDTA promotes active crystallization of apatites after PEO processing of the Ti implants. The PEO layers can increase electrochemical corrosion resistance. The PEO can be potentially used for development of bioactive surfaces with increased support of eukaryotic cells while inhibiting attachment and growth of bacteria without use of antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona Warchoł
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Yevheniia Husak
- Sumy State University, Medical Institute, 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Alicja Kazek-Kęsik
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | | | | | - Maciej Sowa
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Artur Maciej
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Michalska
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agata Jakóbik-Kolon
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Izabela Matuła
- University of Silesia, Institute of Materials Engineering, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Marcin Basiaga
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | | | | | - Marcin Pisarek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry PAS, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Maksym Pogorielov
- Sumy State University, Medical Institute, 40018 Sumy, Ukraine; Nano Prime, 39-200 Dębica, Poland
| | - Wojciech Simka
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Nano Prime, 39-200 Dębica, Poland.
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7
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Li Y, Wang J, He D, Wu G, Chen L. Surface sulfonation and nitrification enhance the biological activity and osteogenesis of polyetheretherketone by forming an irregular nano-porous monolayer. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 31:11. [PMID: 31875263 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is becoming a popular component of clinical spinal and orthopedic applications, but its practical use suffers from several limitations. In this study, irregular nano-porous monolayer with differently functional groups was formed on the surface of PEEK through sulfonation and nitrification. The surface characteristics were detected by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, water contact angle measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In vitro cellular behaviors were evaluated by cell adhesion, morphological changes, proliferation, alkalinity, phosphatase activity, real-time RT-PCR and western blot analyses. In vivo osseointegration was examined through micro-CT and histological assessments. Our results reveal that the irregular nano-porous of PEEK affect the biological properties. High-temperature hydrothermal NP treatment induced early osteogenic differentiation and early osteogenesis. Modification by sulfonation and nitrification can broaden the use of PEEK in orthopedic and dental applications. This study provides a theoretical basis for the wider clinical application of PEEK. a To obtain a uniform porous structure, PEEK samples were treated by concentrated sulfuric acid and fuming nitric acid (82-80%) with magnetic stirring sequentially. b Effects of nanopores on biological behavior of bMSCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 44-1, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Stomatology, PLA 960th hospital, Jinan, 250031, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dong He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 44-1, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Gaoyi Wu
- Department of Stomatology, PLA 960th hospital, Jinan, 250031, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 44-1, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China.
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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8
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Bouet G, Cabanettes F, Bidron G, Guignandon A, Peyroche S, Bertrand P, Vico L, Dumas V. Laser-Based Hybrid Manufacturing of Endosseous Implants: Optimized Titanium Surfaces for Enhancing Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4376-4385. [PMID: 33438403 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is becoming increasingly important in the orthopedic and dental sectors thanks to two major advantages: the possibility of custom manufacturing and the integration of complex structures. However, at smaller scales, surface conditions of AM products are not mastered. Numerous non-fused powder particles give rise to roughness values (Sa) greater than 10 μm, thus limiting biomedical applications since the surface roughness of, e.g., metal implants plays a major role in the quality and rate of osseointegration. In this study, an innovative hybrid machine combining AM and a femtosecond laser (FS) was used to obtain Ti6Al4V parts with biofunctional surfaces. During the manufacturing process, the FS laser beam "neatly" ablates the surface, leaving in its path nanostructures created by the laser/matter interaction. This step decreases the Sa from 11 to 4 μm and increases the surface wettability. The behavior of human mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated on these new AM+FS surfaces and compared with that on AM surfaces and also on polished surfaces. The number of cells attached 24 h after plating is equivalent on all surfaces, but cell spreading is higher on AM+FS surfaces compared with their AM counterparts. In the longer term (days 7 and 14), fibronectin and collagen synthesis increase on AM+FS surfaces as opposed to AM alone. Alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin production, and mineralization, markers of osteogenic differentiation, are significantly lower on raw AM surfaces, whereas on the AM+FS specimens they display a level equivalent to that on the polished surface. Overall, these results indicate that using an FS laser beam during the fabrication of AM parts optimizes surface morphology to favor osteoblastic differentiation. This new hybrid machine could make it possible to produce AM implants with functional surfaces directly at the end of AM, thereby limiting their post-treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guenaelle Bouet
- Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes, UMR 5513 CNRS, University of Lyon, 58, rue Jean Parot, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Frédéric Cabanettes
- Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes, UMR 5513 CNRS, University of Lyon, 58, rue Jean Parot, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Guillaume Bidron
- GIE Manutech-USD (Ultrafast Surface Design), 20 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Alain Guignandon
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, University of Lyon, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Sylvie Peyroche
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, University of Lyon, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Philippe Bertrand
- Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes, UMR 5513 CNRS, University of Lyon, 58, rue Jean Parot, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurence Vico
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, University of Lyon, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Virginie Dumas
- Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes, UMR 5513 CNRS, University of Lyon, 58, rue Jean Parot, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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9
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Gui N, Xu W, Abraham AN, Shukla R, Qian M. Osteoblast Responses to Titanium-Coated Subcellular Scaled Microgrooves. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2405-2413. [PMID: 35030697 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Statistical data have consistently shown that implant loosening is a significant causative factor for revision surgeries. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have confirmed the positive influences of microgrooved titanium implant surfaces on improving orthopedic titanium implants compared with a smooth titanium surface. Complete cell-groove adhesion is a prerequisite for rapid and robust osseointegration. For the first time, this work has quantified the influence of the titanium groove width at the subcellular scale (5-20 μm) on osteoblast responses, using titanium-coated microgrooved silicon wafer specimens (surface roughness, Ra = ∼1.5 nm), which can avoid the latent influence of variations in surface roughness from the use of normal titanium substrates. The cell-groove adhesion increased from 53.07% to 98.55% with an increasing groove width from 5 to 20 μm. In addition, both the cell spreading area and cell width were proportional to groove width. However, no statistically significant influence (p > 0.05) of groove width was identified on cell proliferation and differentiation. An exponential model was proposed to predict the groove geometries that can facilitate complete cell-groove adhesion. The underlying mechanisms were discussed. The experimental findings of this study provide a unique basis for the design of titanium implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gui
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - W Xu
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - A N Abraham
- Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, Nanobiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - R Shukla
- Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, Nanobiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - M Qian
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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10
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Huang J, Chen Y, Tang C, Fei Y, Wu H, Ruan D, Paul ME, Chen X, Yin Z, Heng BC, Chen W, Shen W. The relationship between substrate topography and stem cell differentiation in the musculoskeletal system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:505-521. [PMID: 30390116 PMCID: PMC11105278 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that biomaterial topography can exert a profound influence on various cellular functions such as migration, polarization, and adhesion. With the development and refinement of manufacturing technology, much research has recently been focused on substrate topography-induced cell differentiation, particularly in the field of tissue engineering. Even without biological and chemical stimuli, the differentiation of stem cells can also be initiated by various biomaterials with different topographic features. However, the underlying mechanisms of this biological phenomenon remain elusive. During the past few decades, many researchers have demonstrated that cells can sense the topography of materials through the assembly and polymerization of membrane proteins. Following the activation of RHO, TGF-b or FAK signaling pathways, cells can be induced into various differentiation states. But these signaling pathways often coincide with canonical mechanical transduction pathways, and no firm conclusion has been reached among researchers in this field on topography-specific signaling pathways. On the other hand, some substrate topographies are reported to have the ability to inhibit differentiation and maintain the 'stemness' of stem cells. In this review, we will summarize the role of topography in musculoskeletal system regeneration and explore possible topography-related signaling pathways involved in cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310000, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310000, China
- China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangwu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310000, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310000, China
- China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenqi Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310000, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310000, China
- China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Fei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310000, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Dengfeng Ruan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Maswikiti Ewetse Paul
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310000, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310000, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310000, China
- China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi Yin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310000, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weishan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310000, China.
- Orthopaedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310000, China.
- China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.
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Proliferation of Osteoblasts on Laser-Modified Nanostructured Titanium Surfaces. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11101827. [PMID: 30261588 PMCID: PMC6213816 DOI: 10.3390/ma11101827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured titanium has become a useful material for biomedical applications such as dental implants. Certain surface properties (grain size, roughness, wettability) are highly expected to promote cell adhesion and osseointegration. The aim of this study was to compare the biocompatibilities of several titanium materials using human osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19. Eight different types of specimens were examined: machined commercially pure grade 2 (cpTi2) and 4 (cpTi4) titanium, nanostructured titanium of the same grades (nTi2, nTi4), and corresponding specimens with laser-treated surfaces (cpTi2L, cpTi4L, nTi2L, nTi4L). Their surface topography was evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy. Surface roughness was measured using a mechanical contact profilometer. Specimens with laser-treated surfaces had significantly higher surface roughness. Wettability was measured by the drop contact angle method. Nanostructured samples had significantly higher wettability. Cell proliferation after 48 hours from plating was assessed by viability and proliferation assay. The highest proliferation of osteoblasts was found in nTi4 specimens. The analysis of cell proliferation revealed a difference between machined and laser-treated specimens. The mean proliferation was lower on the laser-treated titanium materials. Although plain laser treatment increases surface roughness and wettability, it does not seem to lead to improved biocompatibility.
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