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Stella SMM, Rama M, Sridhar TM, Vijayalakshmi U. Optimization of Biologically Inspired Electrospun Scaffold for Effective Use in Bone Regenerative Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2023. [PMID: 39065340 PMCID: PMC11280988 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human bone is composed of organic and inorganic composite materials, contributing to its unique strength and flexibility. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been extensively studied for bone regeneration, due to its excellent bioactivity and osteoconductivity, which makes it a highly valuable biomaterial for tissue engineering applications. For better therapeutic effects, composite nanofibers containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) were developed using an electrospinning technique in this study. Herein, hydroxyapatite (a major inorganic constituent of native bone) concentrations varying from 5 to 25% were reinforced in the composite, which could alter the properties of nanofibers. The as-prepared composite nanofibers were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, and FT-IR spectroscopy, and a bioactivity assessment was performed in simulated body fluid (SBF). The ICP-OES analysis was used to determine the concentration of Ca2+ and PO42- ions before and after SBF immersion. To optimize the material selection, the nanofibrous scaffolds were subjected to cell proliferation and differentiation in MG-63 osteoblast cell lines, but no significant toxicity was observed. In conclusion, HAP-PVA-PVP scaffolds exhibit unique physical and chemical properties and ideal biocompatibility, with great promise to serve as effective candidates for bone tissue applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susai Mani Mary Stella
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India;
| | - Murugapandian Rama
- Centre for Nonlinear Systems, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai 600069, India;
| | - T. M. Sridhar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India;
| | - Uthirapathy Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India;
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Fabrication and Characterization Techniques of In Vitro 3D Tissue Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031912. [PMID: 36768239 PMCID: PMC9915354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The culturing of cells in the laboratory under controlled conditions has always been crucial for the advancement of scientific research. Cell-based assays have played an important role in providing simple, fast, accurate, and cost-effective methods in drug discovery, disease modeling, and tissue engineering while mitigating reliance on cost-intensive and ethically challenging animal studies. The techniques involved in culturing cells are critical as results are based on cellular response to drugs, cellular cues, external stimuli, and human physiology. In order to establish in vitro cultures, cells are either isolated from normal or diseased tissue and allowed to grow in two or three dimensions. Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture methods involve the proliferation of cells on flat rigid surfaces resulting in a monolayer culture, while in three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, the additional dimension provides a more accurate representation of the tissue milieu. In this review, we discuss the various methods involved in the development of 3D cell culture systems emphasizing the differences between 2D and 3D systems and methods involved in the recapitulation of the organ-specific 3D microenvironment. In addition, we discuss the latest developments in 3D tissue model fabrication techniques, microfluidics-based organ-on-a-chip, and imaging as a characterization technique for 3D tissue models.
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Physio-Chemical and Biological Characterization of Novel HPC (Hydroxypropylcellulose):HAP (Hydroxyapatite):PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) Electrospun Nanofibers as Implantable Material for Bone Regenerative Application. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010155. [PMID: 36616505 PMCID: PMC9824180 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The research on extracellular matrix (ECM) is new and developing area that covers cell proliferation and differentiation and ensures improved cell viability for different biomedical applications. Extracellular matrix not only maintains biological functions but also exhibits properties such as tuned or natural material degradation within a given time period, active cell binding and cellular uptake for tissue engineering applications. The principal objective of this study is classified into two categories. The first phase is optimization of various electrospinning parameters with different concentrations of HAP-HPC/PLA(hydroxyapatite-hydroxypropylcellulose/poly lactic acid). The second phase is in vitro biological evaluation of the optimized mat using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay for bone regeneration applications. Conductivity and dielectric constant were optimized for the production of thin fiber and bead free nanofibrous mat. With this optimization, the mechanical strength of all compositions was found to be enhanced, of which the ratio of 70:30 hit a maximum of 9.53 MPa (megapascal). Cytotoxicity analysis was completed for all the compositions on MG63 cell lines for various durations and showed maximum cell viability on 70:30 composition for more than 48 hrs. Hence, this investigation concludes that the optimized nanofibrous mat can be deployed as an ideal material for bone regenerative applications. In vivo study confirms the HAP-HPC-PLA sample shows more cells and bone formation at 8 weeks than 4 weeks.
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Ding C, Chen S, Xiao X. Preparation and characterization of lysine-modified polylactic acid microspheres. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1667801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ding
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shunyu Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiufeng Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Kurakula M, Koteswara Rao G. Moving polyvinyl pyrrolidone electrospun nanofibers and bioprinted scaffolds toward multidisciplinary biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Stengelin E, Kuzmina A, Beltramo GL, Koziol MF, Besch L, Schröder R, Unger RE, Tremel W, Seiffert S. Bone Scaffolds Based on Degradable Vaterite/PEG-Composite Microgels. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901820. [PMID: 32378355 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vaterite, a metastable modification of calcium carbonate, embedded in a flexible microgel packaging with adjustable mechanical properties, functionality, and biocompatibility, provides a powerful scaffolding for bone tissue regeneration, as it is easily convertible to bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA). In this study, the synthesis and physical analysis of a packaging material to encapsulate vaterite particles and osteoblast cells into monodisperse, sub-millimeter-sized microgels, is described whereby a systematic approach is used to tailor the microgel properties. The size and shape of the microgels is controlled via droplet-based microfluidics. Key requirements for the polymer system, such as absence of cytotoxicity as well as biocompatibility and biodegradability, are accomplished with functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which reacts in a cytocompatible thiol-ene Michael addition. On a mesoscopic level, the microgel stiffness and gelation times are adjusted to obtain high cellular viabilities. The co-encapsulation of living cells provides i) an in vitro platform for the study of cellular metabolic processes which can be applied to bone formation and ii) an in vitro foundation for novel tissue-regenerative therapies. Finally, the degradability of the microgels at physiological conditions caused by hydrolysis-sensitive ester groups in the polymer network is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stengelin
- Johannes Gutenberg University MainzDepartment of Chemistry Mainz D‐55128 Germany
| | - Alena Kuzmina
- Johannes Gutenberg University MainzDepartment of Chemistry Mainz D‐55128 Germany
| | - Guillermo L. Beltramo
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2 (IBI‐2)Jülich Forschungszentrum GmbH Jülich D‐52428 Germany
| | - Martha F. Koziol
- Johannes Gutenberg University MainzDepartment of Chemistry Mainz D‐55128 Germany
| | - Laura Besch
- Johannes Gutenberg University MainzDepartment of Chemistry Mainz D‐55128 Germany
| | - Romina Schröder
- Johannes Gutenberg University MainzDepartment of Chemistry Mainz D‐55128 Germany
| | - Ronald E. Unger
- Johannes Gutenberg University MainzInstitute of Pathology Mainz D‐55128 Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Johannes Gutenberg University MainzDepartment of Chemistry Mainz D‐55128 Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Johannes Gutenberg University MainzDepartment of Chemistry Mainz D‐55128 Germany
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Narayanan V, Sumathi S, Narayanasamy ANR. Tricomponent composite containing copper–hydroxyapatite/chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1867-1880. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Liang W, Luo Z, Zhou L. Preparation and characterization of the n-HA/PVA/CS porous composite hydrogel. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Oliver Urrutia C, Rosales-Ibáñez R, Dominguez García MV, Flores-Estrada J, Flores-Merino MV. Synthesis and assessment of poly(acrylic acid)/polyvinylpyrrolidone interpenetrating network as a matrix for oral mucosa cells. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:998-1008. [PMID: 31684792 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219883482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Oliver Urrutia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx), Toluca, México.,Facultad de Enfermería y Obstetricia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx), Toluca, México
| | - Raúl Rosales-Ibáñez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Jaime Flores-Estrada
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx), Toluca, México
| | - Miriam V Flores-Merino
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx), Toluca, México
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Gu Y, Zhang J, Zhang X, Liang G, Xu T, Niu W. Three-dimensional Printed Mg-Doped β-TCP Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Effects of Magnesium Ion Concentration on Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis In Vitro. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:415-429. [PMID: 31413945 PMCID: PMC6675836 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Three-dimensional (3D) printed bone tissue engineering scaffolds have been widely used in research and clinical applications. β-TCP is a biomaterial commonly used in bone tissue engineering to treat bone defects, and its multifunctionality can be achieved by co-doping different metal ions. Magnesium doping in biomaterials has been shown to alter physicochemical properties of cells and enhance osteogenesis. Methods A series of Mg-doped TCP scaffolds were manufactured by using cryogenic 3D printing technology and sintering. The characteristics of the porous scaffolds, such as microstructure, chemical composition, mechanical properties, apparent porosity, etc., were examined. To further study the role of magnesium ions in simultaneously inducing osteogenesis and angiogenesis, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and human umblical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in scaffold extracts to investigate cell proliferation, viability, and expression of osteogenic and angiogenic genes. Results The results showed that Mg-doped TCP scaffolds have the advantages of precise design, interconnected porous structure, and similar compressive strength to natural cancellous bone. hBMSCs and HUVECs exhibit high proliferation rate, cell morphology and viability in a certain amount of Mg2+. In addition, this concentration of magnesium can also increase the expression levels of osteogenic and angiogenic biomarkers. Conclusion A certain concentration of magnesium ions plays an important role in new bone regeneration and reconstruction. It can be used as a simple and effective method to enhance the osteogenesis and angiogenesis of bioceramic scaffolds, and support the development of biomaterials and bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Gu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Medprin Regenerative Medical Technologies Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510663 China
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, 334000 China
| | - Xinzhi Zhang
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, 334000 China
| | - Guiping Liang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Tao Xu
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, 334000 China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomanufacturing Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- Department of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Wei Niu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
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