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Lu G, Zhao G, Wang S, Li H, Yu Q, Sun Q, Wang B, Wei L, Fu Z, Zhao Z, Yang L, Deng L, Zheng X, Cai M, Lu M. Injectable Nano-Micro Composites with Anti-bacterial and Osteogenic Capabilities for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Osteomyelitis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306964. [PMID: 38234236 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The effective management of osteomyelitis remains extremely challenging due to the difficulty associated with treating bone defects, the high probability of recurrence, the requirement of secondary surgery or multiple surgeries, and the difficulty in eradicating infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Hence, smart biodegradable biomaterials that provide effective and precise local anti-infection effects and can promote the repair of bone defects are actively being developed. Here, a novel nano-micro composite is fabricated by combining calcium phosphate (CaP) nanosheets with drug-loaded GelMA microspheres via microfluidic technology. The microspheres are covalently linked with vancomycin (Van) through an oligonucleotide (oligo) linker using an EDC/NHS carboxyl activator. Accordingly, a smart nano-micro composite called "CaP@MS-Oligo-Van" is synthesized. The porous CaP@MS-Oligo-Van composites can target and capture bacteria. They can also release Van in response to the presence of bacterial micrococcal nuclease and Ca2+, exerting additional antibacterial effects and inhibiting the inflammatory response. Finally, the released CaP nanosheets can promote bone tissue repair. Overall, the findings show that a rapid, targeted drug release system based on CaP@MS-Oligo-Van can effectively target bone tissue infections. Hence, this agent holds potential in the clinical treatment of osteomyelitis caused by MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shen Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hanqing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zi Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Linshan Yang
- Taikang Bybo Dental, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xianyou Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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Li J, Xia T, Zhao Q, Wang C, Fu L, Zhao Z, Tang Z, Yin C, Wang M, Xia H. Biphasic calcium phosphate recruits Tregs to promote bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2024; 176:432-444. [PMID: 38185232 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The use of bone substitute materials is crucial for the healing of large bone defects. Immune response induced by bone substitute materials is essential in bone regeneration. Prior research has mainly concentrated on innate immune cells, such as macrophages. Existing research suggests that T lymphocytes, as adaptive immune cells, play an indispensable role in bone regeneration. However, the mechanisms governing T cell recruitment and specific subsets that are essential for bone regeneration remain unclear. This study demonstrates that CD4+ T cells are indispensable for ectopic osteogenesis by biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP). Subsequently, the recruitment of CD4+ T cells is closely associated with the activation of calcium channels in macrophages by BCP to release chemokines Ccl3 and Ccl17. Finally, these recruited CD4+ T cells are predominantly Tregs, which play a significant role in ectopic osteogenesis by BCP. These findings not only shed light on the immune-regenerative process after bone substitute material implantation but also establish a theoretical basis for developing bone substitute materials for promoting bone tissue regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bone substitute material implantation is essential in the healing of large bone defects. Existing research suggests that T lymphocytes are instrumental in bone regeneration. However, the specific mechanisms governing T cell recruitment and specific subsets that are essential for bone regeneration remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that activation of calcium channels in macrophages by biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) causes them to release the chemokines Ccl3 and Ccl17 to recruit CD4+ T cells, predominantly Tregs, which play a crucial role in ectopic osteogenesis by BCP. Our findings provide a theoretical foundation for developing bone substitute material for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ting Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Can Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Liangliang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zifan Zhao
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Faculty of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing,100081, China
| | - Ziqiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Chenghu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Haibin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Liu H, Wu Q, Liu S, Liu L, He Z, Liu Y, Sun Y, Liu X, Luo E. The role of integrin αvβ3 in biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics mediated M2 Macrophage polarization and the resultant osteoinduction. Biomaterials 2024; 304:122406. [PMID: 38096618 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate ceramics-based biomaterials were reported to have good biocompatibility and osteoinductivity and have been widely applied for bone defect repair and regeneration. However, the mechanism of their osteoinductivity is still unclear. In our study, we established an ectopic bone formation in vivo model and an in vitro macrophage cell co-culture system with calcium phosphate ceramics to investigate the effect of biphasic calcium phosphate on osteogenesis via regulating macrophage M1/M2 polarization. Our micro-CT data suggested that biphasic calcium phosphate had significant osteoinductivity, and the fluorescence co-localization detection found increased F4/80+/integrin αvβ3+ macrophages surrounding the biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds. Besides, our study also revealed that biphasic calcium phosphate promoted M2 polarization of macrophages via upregulating integrin αvβ3 expression compared to tricalcium phosphate, and the increased M2 macrophages could subsequently augment the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in a TGFβ mediated manner. In conclusion, we demonstrated that macrophages subjected to biphasic calcium phosphate could polarize toward M2 phenotype via triggering integrin αvβ3 and secrete TGFβ to increase the osteogenesis of MSCs, which subsequently enhances bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qionghui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration & School of Stomatology & Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, PR China
| | - Shibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Linan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ze He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yong Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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Zhou Y, Hu Z, Jin W, Wu H, Zuo M, Shao C, Lan Y, Shi Y, Tang R, Chen Z, Xie Z, Shi J. Intrafibrillar Mineralization and Immunomodulatory for Synergetic Enhancement of Bone Regeneration via Calcium Phosphate Nanocluster Scaffold. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201548. [PMID: 36867636 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the bionic mineralization theory, organic-inorganic composites with hydroxyapatite nanorods orderly arranged along collagen fibrils have attracted extensive attention. Planted with an ideal bone scaffold will contribute greatly to the osteogenic microenvironment; however, it remains challenging to develop a biomimetic scaffold with the ability to promote intrafibrillar mineralization and simultaneous regulation of immune microenvironment in situ. To overcome these challenges, a scaffold containing ultra-small particle size calcium phosphate nanocluster (UsCCP) is prepared, which can enhance bone regeneration through the synergetic effect of intrafibrillar mineralization and immunomodulatory. By efficient infiltration into collagen fibrils, the UsCCP released from the scaffold achieves intrafibrillar mineralization. It also promotes the M2-type polarization of macrophages, leading to an immune microenvironment with both osteogenic and angiogenic potential. The results confirm that the UsCCP scaffold has both intrafibrillar mineralization and immunomodulatory effects, making it a promising candidate for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhou
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zihe Hu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wenjing Jin
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Minghao Zuo
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Changyu Shao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yanhua Lan
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhijian Xie
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jue Shi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
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5
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Mangiavini L, Peretti GM, Canciani B, Maffulli N. Epidermal growth factor signalling pathway in endochondral ossification: an evidence-based narrative review. Ann Med 2022; 54:37-50. [PMID: 34955078 PMCID: PMC8725985 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.2015798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During endochondral bone development, a complex process that leads to the formation of the majority of skeletal elements, mesenchymal cells condense, differentiating into chondrocytes and producing the foetal growth plate. Chondrocytes progressively hypertrophy, induce angiogenesis and are then gradually replaced by bone. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), one of many growth factors, is the prototype of the EGF-ligand family, which comprises several proteins involved in cell proliferation, migration and survival. In bone, EGF pathway signalling finely tunes the first steps of chondrogenesis by maintaining mesenchymal cells in an undifferentiated stage, and by promoting hypertrophic cartilage replacement. Moreover, EGF signalling modulates bone homeostasis by stimulating osteoblast and osteoclast proliferation, and by regulating osteoblast differentiation under specific spatial and temporal conditions. This evidence-based narrative review describes the EGF pathway in bone metabolism and endochondral bone development. This comprehensive description may be useful in light of possible clinical applications in orthopaedic practice. A deeper knowledge of the role of EGF in bone may be useful in musculoskeletal conditions which may benefit from the modulation of this signalling pathway.Key messagesThe EGF pathway is involved in bone metabolism.EGF signalling is essential in the very early stages of limb development by maintaining cells in an undifferentiated stage.EGF pathway positively regulates chondrocyte proliferation, negatively modulates hypertrophy, and favours cartilage replacement by bone.EGF and EGF-like proteins finely tune the proliferation and differentiation of bone tissue cells, and they also regulate the initial phases of endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mangiavini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G M Peretti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - B Canciani
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - N Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University Faculty of Medicine, Stoke on Trent, UK
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6
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Luo Q, Li X, Zhong W, Cao W, Zhu M, Wu A, Chen W, Ye Z, Han Q, Natarajan D, Pathak JL, Zhang Q. Dicalcium silicate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy-mediated macrophagic inflammation promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Regen Biomater 2021; 9:rbab075. [PMID: 35480858 PMCID: PMC9039510 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4, C2S) has osteogenic potential but induces macrophagic inflammation. Mitochondrial function plays a vital role in macrophage polarization and macrophagic inflammation. The mitochondrial function of C2S-treated macrophages is still unclear. This study hypothesized: (i) the C2S modulates mitochondrial function and autophagy in macrophages to regulate macrophagic inflammation, and (ii) C2S-induced macrophagic inflammation regulates osteogenesis. We used RAW264.7 cells as a model of macrophage. The C2S (75-150 μg/ml) extract was used to analyze the macrophagic mitochondrial function and macrophage-mediated effect on osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The results showed that C2S extract (150 μg/ml) induced TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production in macrophages. C2S extract (150 μg/ml) enhanced reactive oxygen species level and intracellular calcium level but reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production. TEM images showed reduced mitochondrial abundance and altered the mitochondrial morphology in C2S (150 μg/ml)-treated macrophages. Protein level expression of PINK1, Parkin, Beclin1 and LC3 was upregulated but TOMM20 was downregulated. mRNA sequencing and KEGG analysis showed that C2S-induced differentially expressed mRNAs in macrophages were mainly distributed in the essential signaling pathways involved in mitochondrial function and autophagy. The conditioned medium from C2S-treated macrophage robustly promoted osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs. In conclusion, our results indicate mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy as the possible mechanism of C2S-induced macrophagic inflammation. The promotion of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by the C2S-induced macrophagic inflammation suggests the potential application of C2S in developing immunomodulatory bone grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Luo
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen 529030, China
| | - Xingyang Li
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Wenchao Zhong
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081LA, The Netherlands
| | - Mingjing Zhu
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Antong Wu
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Wanyi Chen
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Zhitong Ye
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Qiao Han
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Duraipandy Natarajan
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Qingbin Zhang
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
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7
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Wang X, Honda Y, Zhao J, Morikuni H, Nishiura A, Hashimoto Y, Matsumoto N. Enhancement of Bone-Forming Ability on Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate by Modulating Cellular Senescence Mechanisms Using Senolytics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212415. [PMID: 34830292 PMCID: PMC8624901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various stresses latently induce cellular senescence that occasionally deteriorates the functioning of surrounding tissues. Nevertheless, little is known about the appearance and function of senescent cells, caused by the implantation of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)—used widely in dentistry and orthopedics for treating bone diseases. In this study, two varying sizes of β-TCP granules (<300 μm and 300–500 μm) were implanted, and using histological and immunofluorescent staining, appearances of senescent-like cells in critical-sized bone defects in the calvaria of Sprague Dawley rats were evaluated. Parallelly, bone formation in defects was investigated with or without the oral administration of senolytics (a cocktail of dasatinib and quercetin). A week after the implantation, the number of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase, p21-, p19-, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells increased and then decreased upon administrating senolytics. This administration of senolytics also attenuated 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal staining, representing reactive oxygen species. Combining senolytic administration with β-TCP implantation significantly enhanced the bone formation in defects as revealed by micro-computed tomography analysis and hematoxylin-eosin staining. This study demonstrates that β-TCP granules latently induce senescent-like cells, and senolytic administration may improve the bone-forming ability of β-TCP by inhibiting senescence-associated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan; (X.W.); (J.Z.); (H.M.); (A.N.); (N.M.)
| | - Yoshitomo Honda
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-864-3130
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan; (X.W.); (J.Z.); (H.M.); (A.N.); (N.M.)
| | - Hidetoshi Morikuni
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan; (X.W.); (J.Z.); (H.M.); (A.N.); (N.M.)
| | - Aki Nishiura
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan; (X.W.); (J.Z.); (H.M.); (A.N.); (N.M.)
| | - Yoshiya Hashimoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Naoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan; (X.W.); (J.Z.); (H.M.); (A.N.); (N.M.)
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8
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Sadowska JM, Ginebra MP. Inflammation and biomaterials: role of the immune response in bone regeneration by inorganic scaffolds. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:9404-9427. [PMID: 32970087 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01379j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory role of the immune system in maintaining bone homeostasis and restoring its functionality, when disturbed due to trauma or injury, has become evident in recent years. The polarization of macrophages, one of the main constituents of the immune system, into the pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotype has great repercussions for cellular crosstalk and the subsequent processes needed for proper bone regeneration such as angiogenesis and osteogenesis. In certain scenarios, the damaged osseous tissue requires the placement of synthetic bone grafts to facilitate the healing process. Inorganic biomaterials such as bioceramics or bioactive glasses are the most widely used due to their resemblance to the mineral phase of bone and superior osteogenic properties. The immune response of the host to the inorganic biomaterial, which is of an exogenous nature, might determine its fate, leading either to active bone regeneration or its failure. Therefore, various strategies have been employed, like the modification of structural/chemical features or the incorporation of bioactive molecules, to tune the interplay with the immune cells. Understanding how these particular modifications impact the polarization of macrophages and further osteogenic and osteoclastogenic events is of great interest in view of designing a new generation of osteoimmunomodulatory materials that support the regeneration of osseous tissue during all stages of bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Sadowska
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Ireland
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain. and Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Negrescu AM, Cimpean A. The State of the Art and Prospects for Osteoimmunomodulatory Biomaterials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1357. [PMID: 33799681 PMCID: PMC7999637 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The critical role of the immune system in host defense against foreign bodies and pathogens has been long recognized. With the introduction of a new field of research called osteoimmunology, the crosstalk between the immune and bone-forming cells has been studied more thoroughly, leading to the conclusion that the two systems are intimately connected through various cytokines, signaling molecules, transcription factors and receptors. The host immune reaction triggered by biomaterial implantation determines the in vivo fate of the implant, either in new bone formation or in fibrous tissue encapsulation. The traditional biomaterial design consisted in fabricating inert biomaterials capable of stimulating osteogenesis; however, inconsistencies between the in vitro and in vivo results were reported. This led to a shift in the development of biomaterials towards implants with osteoimmunomodulatory properties. By endowing the orthopedic biomaterials with favorable osteoimmunomodulatory properties, a desired immune response can be triggered in order to obtain a proper bone regeneration process. In this context, various approaches, such as the modification of chemical/structural characteristics or the incorporation of bioactive molecules, have been employed in order to modulate the crosstalk with the immune cells. The current review provides an overview of recent developments in such applied strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anisoara Cimpean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
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