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Krishnamoorthy E, Purusothaman B, Subramanian B. Productizing Nano-Bioactive Glass-Based Bilayer Scaffolds: A Graft for Reconstruction of Mandibular and Femoral Bone Defects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38706308 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
This investigation aimed to construct a bilayer scaffold integrating alginate and gelatin with nanobioactive glass (BG), recognized for their efficacy in tissue regeneration and drug delivery. Scaffolds, namely, alginate/gelatin (AG), alginate-/actonel gelatin (AGD), alginate actenol/gelatin-45S5 BG (4AGD), and alginate-actonel/gelatin-59S BG (5AGD), were assembled using a cost-effective freeze-drying method, followed by detailed structural investigation via powder X-ray diffraction as well as morphological characterization using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). FESEM revealed a honeycomb-like morphology with distinct pore sizes for nutrient, oxygen, and drug transport. The scaffolds evidently exhibited hemocompatibility, high porosity, good swelling capacity, and biodegradability. In vitro studies demonstrated sustained drug release, particularly for scaffolds containing actonel. In vivo tests showed that the bilayer scaffold promoted new bone formation, surpassing the control group in bone area increase. The interaction of the scaffold with collagen and released ions improved the osteoblastic function and bone volume fraction. The findings suggest that this bilayer scaffold could be beneficial for treating critical-sized bone defects, especially in the mandibular and femoral regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elakkiya Krishnamoorthy
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Bargavi Purusothaman
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, India
| | - Balakumar Subramanian
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India
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Sugumaran V, Pavithra AJ, Purushothaman B, Subramanian B. Crucial Chemical Revelations in 45S5 Bioactive Glass via Sequential Precursor Integration Order. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1600-1620. [PMID: 38349355 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Among the wet chemical nanoparticle fabrication techniques, the sol-gel process happens through hydrolysis and subsequent polycondensation reactions. The bioactive glass known as the 45S5 SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5 quaternary system has intricate chemistry, yet its advantages benefit the biomedical field on an enormous scale. The order in which the ethanol and TEOS inclusions are exchanged was investigated in this work because it has a direct impact on the early hydrolysis process. Another strategy involves adding phosphate species to the sol before gelation, modifying the network chemistry, and interpreting the findings. Adding phosphate species before gelation in the biomaterial (E-Si-P) resulted in the formation of hydroxyapatite and other calcium silicate phases at 800 °C. Swapping ethanol and TEOS biomaterials (E-Si and Si-E) resulted in the sodium-calcium silicate phase only. Si-E with strong Si-O-Si siloxane rings demonstrated superior mechanical stability, hemocompatibility, and bioactivity. This compact Si-O-Si decreased the surface area of Si-E. XPS spectra revealed that E-Si-P has the lowest Na 1s binding energy (BE) and the highest BE for Si 2p. More Si-O-/Si-OH groups formed by E-Si make the network weak and decrease the surface area and protein adsorption. These differences significantly influenced the morphology, surface properties, mechanical studies, and compatibility test. This study has further unraveled the protocol to design a biomaterial with mechanical stability and load-bearing ability. In addition, the appropriate protocol to yield the desired property-rich biomaterial with preserved bioactivity, mechanical stability, cytocompatibility, as well and surface porosity has been elaborated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumari Sugumaran
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600025, India
| | - A J Pavithra
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600025, India
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamilnadu 603103, India
| | - Bargavi Purushothaman
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600025, India
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600077, India
| | - Balakumar Subramanian
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600025, India
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Ranganathan P, Sugumaran V, Purushothaman B, Rajendran AR, Subramanian B. Rapidly derived equimolar Ca: P phasic bioactive glass infused flexible gelatin multi-functional scaffolds - A promising tissue engineering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106264. [PMID: 38029463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to design and fabricate an ultra-easier multi-functional biomedical polymeric scaffold loaded with unique equimolar Ca:P phasic bioactive glass material (BG). Gelatin (G) - 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds were synthesized via a simple laboratory refrigerator with higher biocompatibility and cytocompatibility. The results proved that BG has enhanced bio-mineralization of the scaffolds and results support that the G: BG (1:2) ratio is the more appropriate composition. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) study confirms the higher surface area for pure Gelatin and G: BG (1:2). Scanning Electron Microscopic images display the precipitation of hydroxycarbonate apatite layer over the scaffolds on immersing it in simulated body fluid. Alkaline phosphate activity proved that G: BG (1:2) scaffold could induce mitogenesis in MG-63 osteoblast cells, thus helping in hard tissue regeneration. Sirius red collagen deposition showed that higher content bioactive glass incorporated Gelatin polymeric scaffold G: BG (1:2) could induce rapid collagen secretion of NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell line that could help in soft tissue regeneration and earlier wound healing. The scaffolds were also tested for cell viability using NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell lines and MG 63 osteoblastic cell lines through methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Thus, the study shows a scaffold of appropriate composition G: BG (1:2) can be a multifunctional material to regenerate hard and soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Ranganathan
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India; Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Vijayakumari Sugumaran
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Bargavi Purushothaman
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Vellapanchavadi, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Ajay Rakkesh Rajendran
- Functional Nano-Materials (FuN) Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balakumar Subramanian
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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Ciołek L, Krok-Borkowicz M, Gąsiński A, Biernat M, Antosik A, Pamuła E. Bioactive Glasses Enriched with Strontium or Zinc with Different Degrees of Structural Order as Components of Chitosan-Based Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3994. [PMID: 37836043 PMCID: PMC10575023 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of innovative biomaterials with improved integration with bone tissue and stimulating regeneration processes is necessary. Here, we evaluate the usefulness of bioactive glasses from the SiO2-P2O5-CaO system enriched with 2 wt.% SrO or ZnO in the manufacturing of chitosan-based scaffolds. Bioglasses produced using the sol-gel method were subjected to thermal treatment in different regimes. Chitosan/bioglass composites were produced with a weight ratio. Bioglasses were evaluated via TG-DTA, FTIR, and SEM-EDS before and after incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF). The release of ions was tested. The cytocompatibility of the composites in contact with MG63 osteoblast-like cells was evaluated. The results showed that the presence of the crystalline phase decreased from 41.2-44.8% for nonmodified bioglasses to 24.2-24.3% for those modified with ZnO and 22.0-24.2% for those modified with SrO. The samples released Ca2+, Zn2+, and/or Sr2+ ions and were bioactive according to the SBF test. The highest cytocompatibility was observed for the composites containing nonmodified bioglasses, followed by those enriched with SrO bioglasses. The least cytocompatible were the composites containing ZnO bioglasses that released the highest amount of Zn2+ ions (0.58 ± 0.07 mL/g); however, those that released 0.38 ± 0.04 mL/g were characterised by acceptable cytocompatibility. The study confirmed that it is feasible to control the biological performance of chitosan/bioglass composites by adjusting the composition and heat treatment parameters of bioglasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ciołek
- Biomaterials Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Ceramic and Building Materials, 31-983 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Krok-Borkowicz
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Gąsiński
- Ceramics Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Ceramic and Building Materials, 31-983 Kraków, Poland; (A.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Monika Biernat
- Biomaterials Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Ceramic and Building Materials, 31-983 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Antosik
- Ceramics Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Ceramic and Building Materials, 31-983 Kraków, Poland; (A.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Elżbieta Pamuła
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
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Riju Chandran R, Chitra S, Vijayakumari S, Bargavi P, Balakumar S. Cognizing the crystallization aspects of NaCaPO 4 concomitant 53S bioactive-structures and their imprints in in vitro bio-mineralization. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Compositional and bio-physico-chemical characteristic features of bioactive glasses are of great importance in biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Riju Chandran
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - S. Chitra
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - S. Vijayakumari
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - P. Bargavi
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - S. Balakumar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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Bargavi P, Ramya R, Chitra S, Vijayakumari S, Riju Chandran R, Durgalakshmi D, Rajashree P, Balakumar S. Bioactive, degradable and multi-functional three-dimensional membranous scaffolds of bioglass and alginate composites for tissue regenerative applications. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:4003-4025. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00714e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional bioactive hydrogel ECM like membrane for 3D dynamic tissue/disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Bargavi
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
| | - R. Ramya
- SRM Dental College
- SRMIST
- Chennai – 600089
- India
| | - S. Chitra
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
| | - S. Vijayakumari
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
| | - R. Riju Chandran
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
| | - D. Durgalakshmi
- Department of Medical Physics
- Anna University
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
| | - P. Rajashree
- CAS in Crystallography & Biophysics
- University of Madras
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
| | - S. Balakumar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
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