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Aslam Khan MU, Aslam MA, Bin Abdullah MF, Stojanović GM. Current Perspectives of Protein in Bone Tissue Engineering: Bone Structure, Ideal Scaffolds, Fabrication Techniques, Applications, Scopes, and Future Advances. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:5082-5106. [PMID: 39007509 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
In view of their exceptional approach, excellent inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability properties, and interaction with the local extracellular matrix, protein-based polymers have received attention in bone tissue engineering, which is a multidisciplinary field that repairs and regenerates fractured bones. Bone is a multihierarchical complex structure, and it performs several essential biofunctions, including maintaining mineral balance and structural support and protecting soft organs. Protein-based polymers have gained interest in developing ideal scaffolds as emerging biomaterials for bone fractured healing and regeneration, and it is challenging to design ideal bone substitutes as perfect biomaterials. Several protein-based polymers, including collagen, keratin, gelatin, serum albumin, etc., are potential materials due to their inherent cytocompatibility, controlled biodegradability, high biofunctionalization, and tunable mechanical characteristics. While numerous studies have indicated the encouraging possibilities of proteins in BTE, there are still major challenges concerning their biodegradability, stability in physiological conditions, and continuous release of growth factors and bioactive molecules. Robust scaffolds derived from proteins can be used to replace broken or diseased bone with a biocompatible substitute; proteins, being biopolymers, provide excellent scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Herein, recent developments in protein polymers for cutting-edge bone tissue engineering are addressed in this review within 3-5 years, with a focus on the significant challenges and future perspectives. The first section discusses the structural fundamentals of bone anatomy and ideal scaffolds, and the second section describes the fabrication techniques of scaffolds. The third section highlights the importance of proteins and their applications in BTE. Hence, the recent development of protein polymers for state-of-the-art bone tissue engineering has been discussed, highlighting the significant challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Azhar Aslam
- Department of Physics, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 39161, Pakistan
| | - Mohd Faizal Bin Abdullah
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus Kubang Kerian 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus Kubang Kerian 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Goran M Stojanović
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, T. D. Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Liu D, Liu J, Zhao P, Peng Z, Geng Z, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Shen R, Li X, Wang X, Li S, Wang J, Wang X. 3D Bioprinted Tissue-Engineered Bone with Enhanced Mechanical Strength and Bioactivities: Accelerating Bone Defect Repair through Sequential Immunomodulatory Properties. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401919. [PMID: 39155410 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a new-generation tissue-engineered bone capable of temporally regulating the immune response, balancing proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities, and facilitating bone regeneration and repair to address the challenges of delayed healing and nonunion in large-sized bone defects, is innovatively developed. Using the innovative techniques including multiphysics-assisted combined decellularization, side-chain biochemical modification, and sterile freeze-drying, a novel photocurable extracellular matrix hydrogel, methacrylated bone-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (bdECM-MA), is synthesized. After incorporating the bdECM-MA with silicon-substituted calcium phosphate and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the tissue-engineered bone is fabricated through digital light processing 3D bioprinting. This study provides in vitro confirmation that the engineered bone maintains high cellular viability while achieving MPa-level mechanical strength. Moreover, this engineered bone exhibits excellent osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulatory functions. One of the molecular mechanisms of the immunomodulatory function involves the inhibition of the p38-MAPK pathway. A pioneering in vivo discovery is that the natural biomaterial-based tissue-engineered bone demonstrates sequential immunomodulatory properties that activate proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in succession, significantly accelerating the repair of bone defects. This study provides a new research basis and an effective method for developing autogenous bone substitute materials and treating large-sized bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqian Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jingsong Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Peng
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Geng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Ruifang Shen
- Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shuangzuo Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiankai Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xintao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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Xue P, Xi H, Tan X, Chen H, Peng C, Sun G, Ye Y, Jiang X, Liu X, Du B. Near-Infrared Responsive Properties of Bone Repair Scaffolds Facilitated by Specific Osteoinductive Photothermal Converters for Highly Efficient Bone Repair. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:37581-37595. [PMID: 38985579 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The effective repair of bone defects has long been a major challenge in clinical practice. Currently, research efforts mostly focus on achieving sufficiently good bone repair, with little attention paid to achieving both good and fast repair. However, achieving highly efficient (H-efficient) bone repair, which is both good and fast, can shorten the treatment cycle and facilitate rapid patient recovery. Therefore, the development of a H-efficient bone repair material is of significant importance. This study incorporated the previously developed osteoinductive photothermal agent (PTA) BPICT into printing paste to prepare a near-infrared (NIR)-responsive BPICT scaffold. Subsequently, the effects of photothermal therapy (PTT) on bone repair and drug release were assessed in vitro. To further validate the H-efficient bone repair properties of the BPICT scaffold, the scaffold was implanted into bone defects and its ability to promote bone repair in vivo was evaluated through radiology and histopathological analysis. The results indicated that compared to scaffolds containing only Icaritin (ICT), the BPICT scaffold can achieve PTT to promote bone repair through NIR irradiation, while also enabling the controlled release of ICT from the scaffold to enhance bone repair. Within the same observation period, the BPICT scaffold achieves more efficient bone repair than the ICT scaffold, significantly shortening the bone repair cycle while ensuring the effectiveness of bone repair. Therefore, the NIR-responsive scaffold based on PTT-mediated controlled release of bone growth factors represents a feasible solution for promoting H-efficient bone repair in the area of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Hongzhong Xi
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaoxue Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chenjian Peng
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Guangquan Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Youqing Ye
- International Chinese-Belorussian Scientific Laboratory on Vacuum-Plasma Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Bin Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
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Sharifi M, Kheradmandi R, Salehi M, Alizadeh M, Ten Hagen TLM, Falahati M. Criteria, Challenges, and Opportunities for Acellularized Allogeneic/Xenogeneic Bone Grafts in Bone Repairing. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3199-3219. [PMID: 35816626 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As bone grafts become more commonly needed by patients and as donors become scarcer, acellularized bone grafts (ABGs) are becoming more popular for restorative purposes. While autogeneic grafts are reliable as a gold standard, allogeneic and xenogeneic ABGs have been shown to be of particular interest due to the limited availability of autogeneic resources and reduced patient well-being in long-term surgeries. Because of the complete similarity of their structures with native bone, excellent mechanical properties, high biocompatibility, and similarities of biological behaviors (osteoinductive and osteoconductive) with local bones, successful outcomes of allogeneic and xenogeneic ABGs in both in vitro and in vivo research have raised hopes of repairing patients' bone injuries in clinical applications. However, clinical trials have been delayed due to a lack of standardized protocols pertaining to acellularization, cell seeding, maintenance, and diversity of ABG evaluation criteria. This study sought to uncover these factors by exploring the bone structures, ossification properties of ABGs, sources, benefits, and challenges of acellularization approaches (physical, chemical, and enzymatic), cell loading, and type of cells used and effects of each of the above items on the regenerative technologies. To gain a perspective on the repair and commercialization of products before implementing new research activities, this study describes the differences between ABGs created by various techniques and methods applied to them. With a comprehensive understanding of ABG behavior, future research focused on treating bone defects could provide a better way to combine the treatment approaches needed to treat bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Sharifi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, 3614773955 Shahroud, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, 3614773955 Shahroud, Iran
| | - Rasoul Kheradmandi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, 3614773955 Shahroud, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, 3614773955 Shahroud, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, 3614773955 Shahroud, Iran.,Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, 3614773955 Shahroud, Iran
| | - Morteza Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, 3614773955 Shahroud, Iran
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Laboratory Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Laboratory Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Luo L, Li P, Ren H, Ding Z, Yan Y, Li S, Yin J. Effects of bovine cancellous bone powder/poly amino acid composites on cellular behaviors and osteogenic performances. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34157688 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac0d94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Xenogeneic bone has good biological activity, but eliminating immunogenicity, while retaining osteogenic abilities, is a challenge. By combining xenogeneic bone with poly amino acid (PAA) that has an amide bond structure, a new type of composite conforming to bionics and low immunogenicity may be obtained. In this study, according to the principles of component bionics, three composites of delipidized cancellous bone powder (DCBP) and PAA were designed and obtained by anin situpolycondensation method, an extrusion molding (EM) method, and a solution-blend method. The three composites were all macroscopically uniform, non-cytotoxic, and demonstrated low immunogenicity by effective removal of residual antigens during preparation. Compared with PAA, mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the surfaces of three composites showed different cellular morphologies. The effects of different preparation methods and cellular morphology on cellular differentiation were confirmed by alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium nodule formation and the expression levels of osteogenic differentiation-related genes (bone morphogenetic protein 2, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteopontin and osteocalcin). Among these composites, DCBP/PAA EM showed best cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiationin vitro, and possessed greater bone formation than PAA in a rabbit femoral condyle study. This study may provide a new method for preparing bioactive bone repair materials with low immunogenicity and superior ability to stimulate differentiation of BMSCsin vitroand osteogenesisin vivo. DCBP/PAA EM might be a promising bone repair material for bone defect treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Luo
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohao Ren
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwen Ding
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Yan
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Li
- Sichuan Provincial Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yin
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, People's Republic of China
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